Consider the following statements: 1. In a resting neuron, there is difference in electrical charge on either side of surface membrane called potential difference. 2. It is due to unequal distribution of K+ ions and Na+ ions on either side if the membrane. 3. The Na+ concentration inside a cell is about 28 to 30 times > than it is outside 4. The K+ ions concentration is about 14 times > outside than inside. Which of these above statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 (c) 1, 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Consider the following statements: 1. In a resting neuron, there is difference in electrical charge on either side of surface membrane called potential difference. 2. It is due to unequal distribution of K+ ions and Na+ ions on either side if the membrane. 3. The Na+ concentration inside a cell is about 28 to 30 times > than it is outside 4. The K+ ions concentration is about 14 times > outside than inside. Which of these above statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 (c) 1, 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4
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When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (c) impermeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Description : When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both ... + and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Last Answer : (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited c. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ d. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Description : The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+ ... the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Last Answer : is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+

The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Description : The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the ... the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Last Answer : is terminated by efflux of K+

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Description : In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Last Answer : c) Na+ into the cell

The resting potential of a neuron is dependent on what two ions? a) lead and calcium ions b) calcium and phosphate ions c) sodium and potassium ions d) potassium and phosphate ions

Description : The resting potential of a neuron is dependent on what two ions? a) lead and calcium ions b) calcium and phosphate ions c) sodium and potassium ions d) potassium and phosphate ions

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- sodium and potassium ions

Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on (a) membrane potential (b) accumulation of Na+ ions (c) accumulation of K+ ions (d) proton gradient.

Description : Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on (a) membrane potential (b) accumulation of Na+ ions (c) accumulation of K+ ions (d) proton gradient.

Last Answer : (d) proton gradient

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane. (c) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell ... towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Last Answer : (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson.

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport (3) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by ... of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Last Answer : (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

A key process in metabolism is the transport of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Explain which arrangement of hydrogen ions (unequal concentration or equal concentration) allows work to be done.

Description : A key process in metabolism is the transport of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Explain which arrangement of hydrogen ions (unequal concentration or equal concentration) allows work to be done.

Last Answer : It is clear that an unequal concentration, not an equal one, would be the only possibility that work will be done; the unequal concentration of hydrogen ions would allow them to flow across the membrane and increase not only entropy but also work.

At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Description : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Last Answer : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Description : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Last Answer : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

The plasma membrane in resting condition is almost impermeable to a. K+ b. Na+ c. Cl d. HCo3

Description : The plasma membrane in resting condition is almost impermeable to a. K+ b. Na+ c. Cl d. HCo3

Last Answer : Na+

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Description : There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s ... transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The selectivity of the plasma membrane, although impressive, cannot account for the nonequilibrium composition of living cells. A cell can be maintained in a nonequilibrium state only by ... to drive the transport of a second species such as protons, calcium, amino acids, or glucose

Which ion is actively transported to the outside of cell membrane a. K b. Cl c. Na d. HCo3

Description : Which ion is actively transported to the outside of cell membrane a. K b. Cl c. Na d. HCo3

Last Answer : Na

The following is not true of local anaesthetics: A. The local anaesthetic is required in the unionized form for penetrating the neuronal membrane B. The local anaesthetic approaches its receptor only from the intraneuronal face of the Na+ channel C. The local anaesthetic binds to its receptor mainly when the Na+ channel is in the resting state D. The local anaesthetic combines with its receptor in the ionized cationic form

Description : The following is not true of local anaesthetics: A. The local anaesthetic is required in the unionized form for penetrating the neuronal membrane B. The local anaesthetic approaches its receptor ... the resting state D. The local anaesthetic combines with its receptor in the ionized cationic form

Last Answer : C. The local anaesthetic binds to its receptor mainly when the Na+ channel is in the resting state

Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Description : Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Last Answer : Na

During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (c) K+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Description : During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular ... extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Last Answer : (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

The resting potential in nerves is produced by difference in a. ions b. charges c. both d. none of them

Description : The resting potential in nerves is produced by difference in a. ions b. charges c. both d. none of them

Last Answer : both

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell

Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Description : Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Last Answer : K

The following processes depend on changes in membrane conductance to Na and K. a. Action potential b. depolarization c. repolarization d. all of them

Description : The following processes depend on changes in membrane conductance to Na and K. a. Action potential b. depolarization c. repolarization d. all of them

Last Answer : all of them

The potential difference across the membrane of a relaxed muscle fiber is called resting potential. It amounts to about

Description : The potential difference across the membrane of a relaxed muscle fiber is called resting potential. It amounts to about

Last Answer : The potential difference across the membrane of a relaxed muscle fiber is called resting potential. It amounts to ... C. `100m V` D. `50- 100mV`

When the potential difference across a membrane of a neuron equals the threshold, what results? a) movement of the membrane b) action potential c) relaxation d) contraction

Description : When the potential difference across a membrane of a neuron equals the threshold, what results? a) movement of the membrane b) action potential c) relaxation d) contraction

Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- ACTION POTENTIAL 

Ten coulombs of charge are placed on a solid copper sphere. Once the charge has come to rest, the ELECTRIC POTENTIAL inside the sphere is found to be: w) zero x) uniform inside the sphere and equal to the electric potential on the surface of the sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared

Description : Ten coulombs of charge are placed on a solid copper sphere. Once the charge has come to rest, the ELECTRIC POTENTIAL inside the sphere is found to be: w) zero x) uniform inside the sphere and ... the sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- UNIFORM INSIDE THE SPHERE AND EQUAL TO THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ON THE SURFACE OF THE SPHERE 

Five coulombs of charge are placed on a thin-walled conducting shell. Once the charge has come to rest, the electric potential inside the hollow conducting shell is found to be: w) zero x) uniform inside the sphere and equal to the electric potential on the surface of the sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared.

Description : Five coulombs of charge are placed on a thin-walled conducting shell. Once the charge has come to rest, the electric potential inside the hollow conducting shell is found to be: w) zero x) uniform ... sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared.

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- UNIFORM INSIDE THE SPHERE AND EQUAL TO THE ELECTRIC OTENT

What ions determine the resting potential of a nerve? a) sodium and calcium b) calcium and copper c) potassium and calcium d) sodium and potassium

Description : What ions determine the resting potential of a nerve? a) sodium and calcium b) calcium and copper c) potassium and calcium d) sodium and potassium

Last Answer : ANSWER: D -- SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning these messengers? a. Paracrine regulation involves a messenger which is produced and acts systemically b. The extracellular signal or stimulus is received by a receptor on or in the target cell c. Neurocrine regulation depends on a physical connection between the neuron and the target cell d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane

Description : Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s ... d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer: b, c Depending on how the extracellular messenger arrives, cell regulation can be classified as paracrine, endocrine, or neurocrine. In paracrine regulation, a chemical messenger ... , local mediators, and neurotransmitters are water-soluble and cannot readily cross the plasma membrane

Name the type of bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge:

Description : Name the type of bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge:

Last Answer : ANSWER: POLAR COVALENT BOND

A bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge is which one of the following types of bonds? w) ionic x) pure covalent y) nonpolar covalent z) polar covalent

Description : A bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge is which one of the following types of bonds? w) ionic x) pure covalent y) nonpolar covalent z) polar covalent 

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- POLAR COVALENT 

Depolarization of axolemma during nerve conduction takes place because of (a) equal amount of Na+ and K+ move out across axolemma (b) Na+ move inside and K+ move more outside (c) more Na+ outside (d) none of these.

Description : Depolarization of axolemma during nerve conduction takes place because of (a) equal amount of Na+ and K+ move out across axolemma (b) Na+ move inside and K+ move more outside (c) more Na+ outside (d) none of these.

Last Answer : (b) Na+ move inside and K+ move more outside

The electrophysiological effects of digitalis on Purkinje fibres include the following except: A. Enhancement of resting membrane potential B. Decrease in the slope of phase-0 depolarization C. Increase in the rate of phase-4 depolarization D. Abbreviation of action potential duration

Description : The electrophysiological effects of digitalis on Purkinje fibres include the following except: A. Enhancement of resting membrane potential B. Decrease in the slope of phase-0 depolarization C. Increase in the rate of phase-4 depolarization D. Abbreviation of action potential duration

Last Answer : A. Enhancement of resting membrane potential

What area around it so has a high concentration of sodium ions are the result the cell membrane expands and burst which problem was the cell most likely having?

Description : What area around it so has a high concentration of sodium ions are the result the cell membrane expands and burst which problem was the cell most likely having?

Last Answer : What is the answer ?

Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Description : Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Last Answer : D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

Description : At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

Last Answer : At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

Description : At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

Last Answer : At resting stage charge of inner surface is due to presence of

Plasma membrane in resting condition is very permeable to a. K b. Cl c. Both d. None of them

Description : Plasma membrane in resting condition is very permeable to a. K b. Cl c. Both d. None of them

Last Answer : Cl

In the neurone: a. the magnitude of the action potential is dependent on the strength of the stimulus b. impulses can travel in both direction c. depolarization is accompanied by increased permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions d. during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

Description : In the neurone: a. the magnitude of the action potential is dependent on the strength of the stimulus b. impulses can travel in both direction c. depolarization is accompanied by increased ... potassium ions d. during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

Last Answer : during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Ca++ (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Na+ and K+

Description : Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Ca++ (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Na+ and K+

Last Answer : Answer : D

Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptors in brain increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Cl– (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Ca++

Description : Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptors in brain increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Cl– (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Ca++

Last Answer : Answer : A

Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L. a. The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 14 L. b. The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L. c. The man’s plasma volume is about 7 L. d. The man’s interstitial fluid volume is about 9 L. e. The man’s total body water cannot be calculated from these data

Description : Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L. a. The man's intracellular fluid ... fluid volume is about 9 L. e. The man's total body water cannot be calculated from these data

Last Answer : The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L.

The need to produce concentrated urine is detected in the brain is due to the increase in the concentration of (a) Glucose in the blood (b) K+ in the blood (c) Na+ in the blood (d) Carbonic acid in the blood

Description : The need to produce concentrated urine is detected in the brain is due to the increase in the concentration of (a) Glucose in the blood (b) K+ in the blood (c) Na+ in the blood (d) Carbonic acid in the blood

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the erratic behaviour of Indian monsoons? (a) Uniform duration but varying amounts of rain from one year to another, as well as at different places (b) Uncertain date of onset and withdrawal, as well as unequal distribution of rain (c) Uncertain date of onset and withdrawal as well as varying amounts of rainfall during different years (d) Uniform duration but varying amounts of rain from place to place

Description : Which of the following statements is true with regard to the erratic behaviour of Indian monsoons? (a) Uniform duration but varying amounts of rain from one year to another, as well as at ... of rainfall during different years (d) Uniform duration but varying amounts of rain from place to place

Last Answer : Ans: (c)

Pyruvate kinase requires ______ ions for maximum activity. (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Description : Pyruvate kinase requires ______ ions for maximum activity. (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Last Answer : B

Which of the metallic ions is essential for blood clotting? (1) Na+ (2) Ca++ (3) K+ (4) Fe++

Description : Which of the metallic ions is essential for blood clotting? (1) Na+ (2) Ca++ (3) K+ (4) Fe++

Last Answer : (2) Ca++ Explanation: Clotting also requires: calcium ions (Ca2+)(which is why blood banks use a chelating agent to bind the calcium in donated blood so the blood will not clot in the bag). about a dozen other protein clotting factors.

During the transmission of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre, the potential on the inner side of the plasma membrane has which type of electric charge? (a) First positive, then negative and continue to be negative (b) First negative, then positive and continue to be positive (c) First positive, then negative and again back to positive (d) First negative, then positive and again back to negative.

Description : During the transmission of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre, the potential on the inner side of the plasma membrane has which type of electric charge? (a) First positive, then negative and continue ... and again back to positive (d) First negative, then positive and again back to negative.

Last Answer : (d) First negative, then positive and again back to negative.

The 'new formula' WHO-ORS differs from the older 'standard formula' WHO-ORS in the following respect(s): A. It has lower Na+ ion and glucose concentration B. It has higher K+ ion concentration C. It has no basic salt D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

Description : The 'new formula' WHO-ORS differs from the older 'standard formula' WHO-ORS in the following respect(s): A. It has lower Na+ ion and glucose concentration B. It has higher K+ ion concentration C. It has no basic salt D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

Last Answer : A. It has lower Na+ ion and glucose concentration

hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Consider the following statements regarding the formation of P-N junctions: 1. Holes diffuse across the junction from P-side to N—side 2. The depletion layer is wiped out. 3. There is continuous flow of current across the junction 4. A barrier potential is set up across the junction Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 4

Description : Consider the following statements regarding the formation of P-N junctions: 1. Holes diffuse across the junction from P-side to N-side 2. The depletion layer is wiped out. 3. There is continuous flow of current across the junction 4 ... correct? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 4

Last Answer : Ans: (c) When a pn-junction is formed, there will be diffusion of carries across the junctions followed by recombination, and the creation of a depletion layer across which a ... potential is established, which will prevent further diffusion of carries across the junction, leading to equilibrium