Question

ABBREVIATIONS

Answer 1

• VDU = video display unit

• CRT = cathode ray tube

• CRO Cathode Ray Oscillator

• SARS Severe Accute respitoratry syndrome

• BOT Built operate transfer

• AMU Atomic mass unit

• EMF Electromotive Force or Electromagnetic Field (Most apt is Electromotive Force)

• ADH Anti diuretic harmome

• STP Standard Temperature and Pressure

• NPT Network time protocol

• CRT Cathode ray tube

• SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• BOT Built Operate transfer

• AMU Atomic Mass Unit

• EMF Electromotive force

• ADH Anti Diuretic Hormone

• STP Standard Temperature Pressure

• GeV Giga Electron Volt

• NTP Normal Temperature Pressure

• CRT Cathode Ray Tube

• The ore of mercury metal.--cyanabar

• SARS : severe acute respiratory syndrome

• NTP : network time protocol

• RQ : respiratory quotient

• PVC : polyvinyl chloride

• NPN : negative positive negative

• WAN : wide area network

• ECG: electro cardio gram

• CPU: central processing unit

• BCG : bacillus of calmette –Guerin

• STP standard temperature and pressure/ Shielded Twisted Pair

• ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

• PNP proton – neutron – proton

• [Positive-Negative-Positive (transistor) ]

• LAN local area network

• KWh kilo watt hour

• BTU British Thermal Unit

• LDL Low-density lipoprotein

• [commonly referred to as bad cholesterol]

• ROM Read only memory

• MAF million acre feet

• SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging

• LCD=LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

• HDL= HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE/High-Density Lipoprotein

• UHF= ULTRA- HIGH FREQUENCY

• LED= LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

• BASIC= BEGGINER'S ALL PURPOSE SYMBOLIC INSTRUCTION CODE

• HST = HIGH SPEED TECHONOLGY

• DBS=DATA BASE SERVER

• V.L.C.C stands for Very large crude carrier.

• VTOL = vertical take off and landing

• SETI = Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence = a project to find Aliens

• Fax is the short form of Facsimile which means identical copy

• SETI => Search for Extraterrestrial intelligence.

• On the PH scale what does PH stand for-Potential Hydrogen

• ABM: Anti Ballistic Missiles

ABVP: Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad

AC: Alternating Current; Ashoka Chakra

ACU: Asian Currency Union

AD: anno Domini; in the year of **** Christ

ADB: Asian Development Bank

ADC: Aide-de-Camp; Access Deficit Charge

ADF: Asian Development Fund

ADS: Air Defence Ship

AJT: Advanced Jet Trainer

AG: Accountant General; Adjutant General

AI: Air India

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences

AIR: All India Radio; Annual Information Report

AITUC: All India Trade Union Congress

AJT: Advanced Jet Trainer

ALH: Advanced Light Helicopter

AM: ante meridiem; before noon

AMC: Army Medical Corps; Asset Management Companies

AME: Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers

APC: Agricultural Prices Commission

APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

APPLE: Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment

APPU: Asian Pacific Postal Union

ARC: Asset Reconstruction Company

ARDR: Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief

ASAT: Anti-Satellite weapon

ASC: Army Service Corps

ASCI: Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information

ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations

ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting

ASIMO: Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility

ASLV: Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle

ASMA: Antarctica Specially Managed Area

ASSOCHAM: Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry

ATA: Air Time Authority; Allen Telescope Array

ATC: Air Traffic Controller

ATM: Automatic Teller Machine

ATR: Action Taken Report

ATV: Automatic Transfer Vehicle

AUM: Assets Under Management

AVC: Army Veterinary Corps

AVM: Additional Volatility Margin

AWACS: Airborne Warning and Control System

B

BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation

BC: Before Christ; Board of Control; British Columbia; Battery Commander

BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin—Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine

BICP: Bureau of Industrial Costs and Prices

BIFR: Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction

BIOS: Basic Input Output System

BKU: Bharatiya Kisan Union

BMD: Ballistic Missile Defence System

BOLT: BSE On-Line Trading (System)

BOSS: Bharat Operating System Solutions

BPO: Business Process Outsourcing

BPR: Bottom Pressure Records

BRO: Border Road Organisation

BSE: Bombay Stock Exchange

BSF: Border Security Force

BSNL: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd

C

CA: Chartered Accountant

CABE: Central Advisory Board of Education

C & AG: Comptroller & Auditor General

CAIR: Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

CAPART: Council for People‘s Action and Advancement of Rural Technology

CAPES: Computer-Aided Paperless Examination System

CAS: Chief of Army Staff; Chief of Air Staff; Conditional Access System

CB: Citizen Band (Radio)

CBI: Central Bureau of Investigation

CBFC: Central Board of Film Certification

CCPA: Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs

CD: Conference on Disarmament

C-DAC: The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access

CECA: Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement

CERN: European Organisation for Nuclear Research (Pronounced CERN in French)

CFC: Chlorofluro Carbon

CFS: Container Freight Station

CHOGM: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

CIA: Central Intelligence Agency (of U.S.A.)

CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd

CIC: Chief Information Commissioner

CID: Criminal Investigation Department

C-in-C: Commander-in-Chief

cif: cost, insurance and freight

CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States

CISF: Central Industrial Security Force

CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

CITU: Centre of Indian Trade Unions

CLASS: Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools

CLAWS: Centre for Land Warfare Studies

CM: Command Module; Chief Minister

CMP: Common Minimum Programme

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas

CNN: Cable News Network

CNS: Chief of the Naval Staff

CO: Commanding Officer

COD: Central Ordnance Depot; Cash on Delivery

CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board

CPI: Communist Party of India

CPI(M): Communist Party of India (Marxists)

CPU: Central Processing Unit

CR: Central Railway

CRAC: Cyber Regulation Advisory Council

CRDi: Common Rail Direct injection

CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited

CRM: Customer Relationship Management

CRR: Cash Reserve Ratio

CRPF: Central Reserve Police Force

CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

CTBT: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

CTT: Commodities Transaction Tax

CVRDE: Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment

Answer 2

D

DA: Dearness Allowance; Daily Allowance

DAVP: Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity

DC: Deputy Commissioner; Direct Current in Electricity

DDT: Dichloro-Diphenyl Trichloro-ethane (disinfectant)

DIN: Director Information Number

DM: District Magistrate; Deputy Minister

DMIC: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor

DMK: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (a regional political party of Tamil Nadu)

DNA: de-oxyribonucleic acid

DO: Demi-official (letter)

DOD: Department of Ocean Development

DPEP: District Primary Education Programme

DPI: Director of Public Instruction

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory

DRDO: Defence Research and Development Organisation

DST: Daylight Saving Time

DRES: Department of Renewable Energy Sources

DTH: Direct to Home (broadcasting)

E

ECG: Electro Cardio-gram

ECS: Electronic Clearing Service

ECT: Electro-convulsant Therapy (electric shock treatment)

EDUSAT: Education Satellite

EEG: Electro-encephalography

EET: Exempt Exempt Taxation

EFA: Education for All

EFF: Extended Fund Facility

e.g.: exempli gratia; for example

EHTP: Electronic Hardware Technology Parks

ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno Solvent Assay (used for testing AIDS)

EMI: Equated Monthly Instalment

EMS: European Monetary System

EMU: Electric-Multiple Unit; Extra-vehicular Mobility Unit; (European) Economic and Monetary Union

E & OE: Errors and Omissions Excepted

EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

ER: Eastern Railway

ERM: Exchange Rate Mechanism

ERNET: Educational and Research Network

ESA: European Space Agency

ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESMA: Essential Services Maintenance Act

ESOP: Employee Stock Option Programme

etc.: et cetera (and other things)

EU: European Union

EVM: Electronic Voting Machine

F

FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation

FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation (of the U.S.A.)

FCNR: Foreign Currency (non-resident) Accounts Scheme

FDR: Flight Data Recorder; Fixed Deposit Receipt

FEMA: Foreign Exchange Management Act

FERA: Foreign Exchange Regulations Act

FICCI: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

FII: Foreign Institutional Investors

FIPB: Foreign Investment Promotion Board (of India)

FLAG: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe

FM: Field Marshal; Frequency Modulated

FPSB: Financial Planning Standards Boards (India)

FRBM: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management

FSSA: Food Safety and Standards Authority (of India)

FTA: Free Trade Area

FTP: File Transfer Protocol

G

GAGAN: GPS-aided Geo-augmented Navigation

GAIL: Gas Authority of India Limited

GAIN: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition

GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GCA: General Currency Area

GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council

GCM: Greatest Common Measure

GEF: Global Environment Fund

GHQ: General Headquarters

GIC: General Insurance Corporation

GIST: Graphics and Intelligence-based Script Technology

GMPS: Global Mobile Personal Communications System

GMRT: Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope

GMT: Greenwich Mean Time

GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

GNP: Gross National Product

GOC: General Officer Commanding

GPO: General Post Office

GPRS: General Packet Radio System

GPS: Global Positioning System

GSLV: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

GSP: Generalised Special Preferences

GST: Goods and Service Tax

GSTP: Global System of Trade Preferences

H

HAWS: High Altitude Warfare School

HCF: Highest Common Factor

HDI: Human Development Index

HDTV: High Definition Television

HE: His (or Her) Excellency; His (or Her) Eminence; High Explosive; Horizontal Equivalent

HITS: Headend In The Sky

HMMWV: High Mobility Multipurpose-Wheeled Vehicle

HMS: Hybrid Mail Service

HP: Himachal Pradesh; Horizontal Plane; Horse Power

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP: Hypetext Transfer Protocol

HUDCO: Housing and Urban Development Corporation

HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current

I

IAAI: International Airport Authority of India

IAAS: Indian Audit and Accounts Service

IADF: International Agricultural Development Fund

IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency

IAF: Indian Air Force

IAMC: Indian Army Medical Corps

IAS: Indian Administrative Service

IATA: International Air Transport Association

IATT: Inland Air Travel Tax

IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

IBEX: Interstellar Boundary Explorer Mission

ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organisation

ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research

ICCR: Indian Council of Cultural Relations

ICCW: Indian Council for Child Welfare

ICDS: Integrated Child Development Service

ICJ: International Court of Justice (with Headquarters at the Hague)

ICL: Indian Cricket League

ICMR: Indian Council of Medical Research

ICPA: Indian Cricket Players‘ Association

ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross

IDA: International Development Association

IDBI: Industrial Development Bank of India

IDSA: Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis

i.e.: id est; that is

IEA: International Energy Agency

IES: Indian Economic Service

IEX: Indian Energy Exchange

IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standard

IFS: Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service

IFTU: International Federation of Trade Unions

IFWJ: Indian Federation of Working Journalists

IGNOU: Indira Gandhi National Open University

IIPA: Indian Institute of Public Administration

IISS: International Institute of Strategic Studies

IIT: Indian Institutes of Technology

ILO: International Labour Organisation

IMA: Indian Military Academy

IMET: International Military Education Training Programme

IMF: International Monetary Fund

IMO: International Maritime Organisation

IN: Indian Navy; Intelligent Network

INA: Indian National Army

INK: International Newspaper Kiosks

INMARSAT: International Maritime Satellite Organisation

INMAS: Institute of Nuclear Medicines and Allied Sciences

INS: Indian Naval Ship; Indian Newspaper Society

INSAS: Indian Small Arms System

INSAT: Indian National Satellite

INTERPOL: International Police Organisation

INTUC: Indian National Trade Union Congress

IOC: International Olympic Committee

IP: Indian Police

IPC: Indian Penal Code

IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPEC: International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour

IPR: Intellectual Property Right

IPS: Indian Police Service; Indian Postal Service

IPTV: Internet Protocol Television

IPU: Inter-Parliamentary Union

IQ: Intelligence Quotient

IR: Infra-red

IRA: Insurance Regulatory Authority

IRBM: Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile

IREP: Integrated Rural Energy Planning

IRS: Indian Remote Sensing Satellite; Indian Revenue Service

ISAF: International Stabilization and Assistance Force (in Afghanistan)

ISC: Inter-State Council

ISCS: Integrated Smart Card System

ISD: International Subscriber Dialled (telephone)

ISH: Information Super Highway

ISKCON: International Society for Krishna Consciousness

ISO: International Standardisation Organisation

ISP: Internet Service Provider

ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation

ISS: International Space Station

IST: Indian Standard Time

ISTRAC: ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network

ITDC: Indian Tourism Development Corporation

ITO: International Trade Organisation; Income-tax Officer

ITU: International Tele-communication Union

IUC: Interconnect User Charge

Answer 3

J, K, L

JCO: Junior Commissioned Officer

JNNURM: Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

JPC: Joint Parliamentary Committee

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

JWG: Joint Working Group

KG: Kindergarten

Kg: Kilogramme

KPO: Knowledge Process Outsourcing

LAC: Line of Actual Control

LCA: Light Combat Aircraft

LDC: Least Developed Countries

LHC: Large Hadron Collider

LIC: Life Insurance Corporation (of India)

LLP: Limited Liability Partnership

LOAC: Line of Actual Control

LTA: Light Transport Aircraft

LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

M

MAT: Minimum Alternative Tax

MER: Mars Exploration Rover

MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

MCF: Master Control Facility

MEP: Minimum Export Price

MES: Military Engineering Service

METSAT: Meteorological Satellite

MFA: Multi-Fibre Agreement

MFN: Most Favoured Nation

MIP: Moon Impact Probe

MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service

MMTC: Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India

MNC: Multi-national Corporation

MNIC: Multi-purpose National Identity Card

MODEM: Modulator-Demodulator

MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRTPC: Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission

MRTS: Mass Rapid Transit System

MSA: Maritime Safety Agency

MSCF: Maritime Security Cooperation Framework

Mss: Manuscript

MTCR: Missile Technology Control Regime

MTO: Multilateral Trade Organisation

MVC: Maha Vir Chakra

MUNO: Maha Vir Chakra

N

NAA: National Airport Authority

NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. (It helps rural development by providing re-finance

facility).

NACIL: National Aviation Company of India Ltd

NADA: National Anti-Doping Agency

NAEP: National Adult Education Programme

NAFTA: North America Free Trade Agreement

NAG: National Air Guard

NAM: Non-aligned Movement

NAMA: Non-Agriculture Market Access

NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (of the U.S.A.)

NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation

NATA: Natural Aptitude Test for Architecture

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

NAV: Net Asset Value

NB: Nota bene; note well, or take notice

NCA: Nuclear Command Authority

NCC: National Cadet Corps

NCEP: National Committee on Environmental Planning

NCERT: National Council of Education Research and Training

NCR: National Capital Region

NDA: National Defence Academy; National Democratic Alliance

NDNC: National Do Not Call (Registry)

NDPS: Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances

NDRF: National Disaster Response Force

NDTL: National Dope Testing Laboratory

NeGP: National e-governance Plan

NEDB: North-Eastern Development Bank

NEP: National Education Policy

NEPA: National Environment Protection Authority

NFO: New Fund Offers

NHDP: National Highways Development Project

NHRC: National Human Rights Commission

NIC: National Integration Council

NIFT: National Institute of Fashion Technology

NIO: National Institute of Oceanography

NIS: National Institute of Sports

NIT: National Institute of Technology

NLMA: National Literacy Mission Authority

NMD: Nuclear Missile Defence

NMDC: National Mineral Development Corporation

NPL: National Physical Laboratory

NPR: National Population Register

NPT: (Nuclear) Non-Proliferation Treaty

NRBI: National Rural Bank of India

NREGA: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

NREP: National Rural Employment Programme

NRF: National Renewal Fund

NRI: Non-Resident Indian

NRR: National Reproduction Rate

NRSA: National Remote Sensing Agency

NSA: National Security Act

NSC: National Service Corps; National Security Council

NSDL: National Securities Depository Limited

NSE: National Stock Exchange

NSR: National Skills Registry

NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation

NWDA: National Water Development Agency

NWRC: National Water Resources Council

O

OAS: Organisation of American States

OAU: Organisation of African Unity

OBC: Other Backward Communities

OBU: Offshore Banking Unit

ODA: Official Development Assistance

ODF: Open Document Format

ODS: Ozone Depletion Substances

OECD: Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development

OGL: Open General Licence

OIC: Organisation of Islamic Countries

OIGS: On India Government Service

OIL: Oil India Limited

OM: Order of Merit

ONGC: Oil and Natural Gas Commission

OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSCE: Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe

OSD: Officer on Special Duty

OXML: Open Extended Marking Language

P

PAC: Political Affairs Committee; Public Accounts Committee

PACER: Programme for Acceleration of Commercial Energy Research

PAN: Permanent Account Number (of Income-Tax)

PATA: Pacific-Asia Travel Association

PCS: Public Civil Service; Punjab Civil Service

PIB: Press Information Bureau

Pin Code: Postal Index Number Code

PIO: Persons of Indian Origin

PLF: Plant Load Factor

PM: Post Meridiem; after-noon; also Postmaster; Prime Minister; post-mortem (after death)

PMG: Postmaster General

PN: Participatory Note

PO: Post Office; Postal Order

POPs: Persistent Organic Pollutants; Point of Purchase

POTA: Prevention of Terrorism Act

POW: Prisoner of War

PP: Public Prosecutor; Particular Person

PRO: Public Relations Officer

PS: Post Scriptum; Post Script; written after

PSC: Public Service Commission

PSE: Public Sector Enterprises

PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

PTA: Preferential Trade Area

PTI: Press Trust of India

PTO: Please Turn Over; Privilege Ticket Order

PUFA: Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

PVC: Param Vir Chakra

PVSM: Param Vishisht Sewa Medal

PWD: Public Works Department

Answer 4

Q, R

QMG: Quarter Master General

QR: Quantitative Restriction

RAF: Rapid Action Force

RAM: Random Access Memory

RBI: Reserve Bank of India

RCC: Reinforced Concrete Cement

RDF: Rapid Development Force

RDS: Radio Data Servicing

RDSS: Radio Determination Satellite Service

REACH: Rehabilitate, Educate and Support Street Children

RLO: Returned Letter Office

RLV: Reusable Launch Vehicle

RPM: Revolution Per Minute

RPO: Recruitment Process Outsourcing; Regional Passport Officer

RRB: Regional Rural Bank

RRPI: Rural Retail Price Index

RSS: Rashtriya Swyamsevak Sangh

RSVP: Repondez s‘il vous plait (Fr.) reply, if you please

RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement System

S

SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation

SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area

SAIL: Steel Authority of India Limited

SAPTA: SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement

SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SATNAV: Satellite Navigation (Initiative)

SAVE: SAARC Audio Visual Exchange

SC: Security Council; Supreme Court; Scheduled Caste

SCI: Shipping Corporation of India

SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

SCOPE: Standing Conference on Public Enterprises

SDO: Sub-Divisional Officer

SDR: Special Drawing Rights (created by the World Bank)

SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India

SFC: Strategic Forces Command

SGPC: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee

SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India

SIT: Special Investigation Team

SITE: Satellite Instructional Television Experiment

SLR: Statutory Liquidity Ratio

SMS: Short Messaging Service; Subscriber Management System

SOS: Save Our Souls—distress signal

SPG: Special Protection Group

SPIN: Software Process Improvement Networks

SPV: Solar Photo Voltaic

SQUID: Super-conducting Quantum Interference Device

SRE: Space Capsule Recovery Experiment

SRV: Submarine Rescue Vessel

SSN: Social Security Number

STARS: Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station

START: Strategic Arms Reduction Talks

STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Park

STT: Securities Transaction Tax

SWAN: State-wide Area Network

SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Financial Telecommunications

T

TA: Travelling Allowance; Territorial Army

TAAI: Travel Agents Association of India

TACDE: Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment

TADA: Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act

TAPS: Tarapur Atomic Power Station

TB: Tuberculosis

TDC: Transport Development Council

TDS: Tax Deduction at Source

TDSAT: Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal

TERLS: Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station

TIFR: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

TIN: Tax Information Network

TINXSYS: Tax Information Exchange System

TISCO: Tata Iron and Steel Company

TMC: Terrain Mapping Camera

TMO: Telegraphic Money Order

TNT: Tri-nitro-toluene (high explosive)

TPP: 20-Point Programme

TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

TRIMs: Trade Related Investment Measures

TRIPS: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights

TRP: Television Rating Points; Tax Return Preparer

TRYSEM: Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment

TTE: Travelling Ticket Examiner

TTF: Tourism Task Force

U

UAE: United Arab Emirates

UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

UF: United Front

UFO: Unidentified Flying Object

UGC: University Grants Commission

ULFA: United Liberation Front of Assam

UN: United Nations

UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP: United Nations Development Programme

UNEF: United Nations Emergency Force

UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

UNFPO: United Nations Fund for Population Activities

UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNHRC: United Nations Human Rights Commission

UNI: United News of India

UNICEF: United Nations International Children‘s (Emergency) Fund

UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

UNRRA: United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

UNTAC: United Nations Transitional Authority for Cambodia

UPA: United Progressive Alliance

UPSC: Union Public Service Commission

UPTN: Universal Personal Telephone Number

USA: United States of America

USIS: United States Information Service

V

VAT: Value-added Tax

VC: Vice-Chancellor; Vice Counsel; Victoria Cross; Vir Chakra

VDIS: Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme

VHRR: Very High Resolution Radiometer

VIP: Very Important Person

VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration

VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol

VPN: Virtual Private Network

VPP: Value Payable Post

VRS: Voluntary Retirement Scheme

VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminals

W

WADA: World Anti-Doping Agency

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

WAVE: Wireless Access for Virtual Enterprise

WDF: Wasteland Development Force

WEF: World Economic Forum

WFP: World Food Programme

WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions

WGIG: Working Group on Internet Governance

WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organisation

WLL: Wireless in Local Loop

WMD: Weapons of Mass Destruction

WR: Western Railway

WTO: World Trade Organisation (previously called GATT); also World Tourism Organisation

X, Y, Z

XML: eXtensible Markup Language

YMCA: Young Men‘s Christian Association

YWCA: Young Women‘s Christian Association

• INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) Established in 1988 by the World Meteorological

Organisation (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (Unep)