It seems one of the hottest topics among health-related publications is cholesterol, and the importance of keeping your cholesterol levels in check. But what is cholesterol, and what role does it play in your body? Cholesterol is a naturally occurring substance found in every cell of your body. While the human body requires cholesterol to build and maintain strong cells, excessive cholesterol levels can lead to a condition known as atherosclerosis. This condition is characterized by cholesterol accumulation along artery walls, which eventually narrows arteries and blocks blood flow. To prevent health ailments such as Heart disease or coronary artery disease, it is important to maintain ideal cholesterol levels.The Different Types of CholesterolYour body contains two different types of cholesterol, which include: HDL, or "good," cholesterol and LDL, or "bad," cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is responsible for delivering cholesterol to tissues and organs; however, when there are excess LDL cholesterol levels in your bloodstream, it begins to attach itself to artery walls. Over time, these hard deposits narrow arteries and make artery walls less flexible, which may lead to heart attack or stroke.HDL cholesterol is responsible for flowing throughout the bloodstream and attaching itself to excessive LDL cholesterol and transporting it to the liver where it is broken down and removed. According to the American Heart Association, high HDL cholesterol levels helps protect arteries from plaque accumulation as well as reducing the risk of having a heart attack.Ideal Cholesterol Levels for Men and WomenThe ideal HDL cholesterol levels for men is 60 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or higher. This level is regarded by scientists as being optimal for preventing heart disease. Having an HDL cholesterol level less than 40 mg/dL increases your risk of developing heart disease.Women should also strive for an HDL cholesterol level of 60 mg/dL or above; however, having an HDL cholesterol level of 50 mg/dL and below places her at an increased risk of developing heart disease.According to the American Heart Association, men and women should have an LDL cholesterol level of 100 mg/dL or less. Having an LDL cholesterol level higher than 130 mg/dL substantially increases the risk of developing adverse cardiovascular health problems in both men and women.