What are the three primary players in the body and response to stress?

What are the three primary players in the body and response to stress?
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Which of the following are determinants of the host response to surgical stress? a. Gender b. Age c. Nutritional status d. Body composition

Description : Which of the following are determinants of the host response to surgical stress? a. Gender b. Age c. Nutritional status d. Body composition

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The pattern of physiologic changes elicited in response to surgical stress results from the specific interaction of an individual patient with a stressful stimulus. Several ... net loss of nitrogen after major elective abdominal surgery generally being lower in women than in men

How is the adrenal cortex involved in the stress response? -Biology

Description : How is the adrenal cortex involved in the stress response? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this arm of the surgical stress response? a. Cytokines primarily work locally via direct cell-to-cell communication b. Cytokines are never detectable in the systemic bloodstream c. Cytokines are produced only by immune cells attracted to the site of injury d. Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream

Interleukin-6 is recognized as the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic protein synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning acute phase protein response to surgical stress? a. Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit this response b. Proteins such as albumin and transferrin which serve in serum transport are generally increased in this response c. Examples of acute phase proteins include fibrinogen and C-reactive protein d. In general, the physiologic role of acute phase proteins are to reduce the systemic effects of tissue damage

Description : Interleukin-6 is recognized as the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic protein synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... physiologic role of acute phase proteins are to reduce the systemic effects of tissue damage

Last Answer : Answer: c, d IL-6 is now recognized at the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Glucocorticoid hormones augment ... that generally inhibit the tissue destruction that is associated with the local initiation of inflammation

Advantages of epidural analgesia include: A. Earlier mobilization after surgery. B. Earlier return of bowel function. C. Shorter hospitalizations. D. Decreased stress response to surgery. E. All of the above.

Description : Advantages of epidural analgesia include: A. Earlier mobilization after surgery. B. Earlier return of bowel function. C. Shorter hospitalizations. D. Decreased stress response to surgery. E. All of the above.

Last Answer : Answer: E DISCUSSION: Epidural analgesia include excellent pain relief, decreased sedation with more rapid recovery to presurgical levels of consciousness, earlier mobilization after surgery ... , shorter hospitalizations, and decreased morbidity have all been associated with epidural analgesia

The relaxation techniques of progressive muscle relaxation, relaxation with guided imagery, and the Benson Relaxation Response share which of the following elements? a) A mental device (something on which to focus the attention) Similar elements also include a quiet environment, a comfortable position, and a passive attitude. b) Nutritional foundation Relaxation techniques do not encompass specific nutritional guidelines. c) Analgesic preparation Relaxation techniques are used to reduce one’s response to stress and do not require analgesia prior to practicing the techniques. d) Physician’s order A physician’s order is not required to assist an individual to learn techniques to reduce one’s response to stress.

Description : The relaxation techniques of progressive muscle relaxation, relaxation with guided imagery, and the Benson Relaxation Response share which of the following elements? a) A mental device (something on which ... required to assist an individual to learn techniques to reduce one's response to stress.

Last Answer : a) A mental device (something on which to focus the attention) Similar elements also include a quiet environment, a comfortable position, and a passive attitude.

A stress which develops within an object when it attempts to expand or contract in response to a temperature changes, but cannot, due to being held rigidly in place.  a. elongation  b. thermal stress  c. expansion contraction  d. thermal expansion

Description : A stress which develops within an object when it attempts to expand or contract in response to a temperature changes, but cannot, due to being held rigidly in place.  a. elongation  b. thermal stress  c. expansion contraction  d. thermal expansion

Last Answer : thermal stress

Organisms can modify their response to an environmental stress is called a) Dormancy b) adaptation c) behavior d) isolation

Description : Organisms can modify their response to an environmental stress is called a) Dormancy b) adaptation c) behavior d) isolation

Last Answer : b) adaptation

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?

Description : What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?

Last Answer : A: A primary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen for the first time, while a secondary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen it has encountered before.

Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen

Description : Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen

Last Answer : Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen A. `I_(g ... ` C. `I_(g)A` D. `I_(g)E`

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

Description : Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the ... host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the systemic circulation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The LPS molecule exerts diverse effects on the mammalian host. Immunologic responses to LPS include nonspecific polyclonal B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation and ... deleterious effects on the host only after large amounts are secreted and reach the systemic circulation

What is primary immune response ?

Description : What is primary immune response ?

Last Answer : First exposure to an antigen produces primary immune response.

What is primary element and what should be its response?

Description : What is primary element and what should be its response?

Last Answer : Primary element is one, which senses the condition of process, and converts it to some other form, which can be measured accurately. Example in a bourden gauge the pressure if changed to the ... should convert the condition in to some other form, which can be interpreted and measured easily.  

Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Description : Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Last Answer : secondary humoral response

98. Phlebotomy was ordered as part of the therapy. You instructed the client and emphasized that the procedure can be repeated. The client inquired, “What is the primary aim of the procedure?” Your appropriate response is

Description : 98. Phlebotomy was ordered as part of the therapy. You instructed the client and emphasized that the procedure can be repeated. The client inquired, “What is the primary aim of the procedure?” Your appropriate response is

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What standards do you think tennis players use when they throw one ball back from the three they get thrown by the ball boy/girl?

Description : What standards do you think tennis players use when they throw one ball back from the three they get thrown by the ball boy/girl?

Last Answer : answer:I asked my darling husband, who's an avid tennis player and fan. Paul says that there's really no science to it. All three balls look and feel the same. If you've ever been to a ... the ball to the ballboy/ballgirl, there really isn't an evaluation process. Keep two; toss one; play.

What is meant by the term 'business' when referring to the three role-players in the economy?

Description : What is meant by the term 'business' when referring to the three role-players in the economy?

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What are the top three Nextar mp3 players?

Description : What are the top three Nextar mp3 players?

Last Answer : The top three Nextar Mp3 players are the Nextar 206 512MB multimedia device, the Nextar MA933A 512mb Mp3 player and the Nextar MA566-1bl Mp3 player and can all be found at http://www.nextar.com/frontend/proddisp.asp?co=10000309 for reasonably low prices.

Who are the three Major League Baseball players from curaçao?

Description : Who are the three Major League Baseball players from curaçao?

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When up to a 6-month period elapses between the experience of trauma and the onset of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the episode is termed a) delayed. In the case of delayed PTSD, there may be up to a 6-month period of time that elapses between the trauma and the manifestation of symptoms. b) acute. Acute PTSD is defined as the experience of symptoms for less than a 3-month period. c) chronic. Chronic PTSD is defined as the experience of symptoms lasting longer than 3 months. d) primary. The concept of primary disease is not used in relation to PTSD.

Description : When up to a 6-month period elapses between the experience of trauma and the onset of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the episode is termed a) delayed. In the case of delayed PTSD, there ... than 3 months. d) primary. The concept of primary disease is not used in relation to PTSD.

Last Answer : a) delayed. In the case of delayed PTSD, there may be up to a 6-month period of time that elapses between the trauma and the manifestation of symptoms.