What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?
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A: A primary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen for the first time, while a secondary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen it has encountered before.
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What is secondary immune response ?

Description : What is secondary immune response ?

Last Answer : Secondary immune response occurs when second exposure to the same antigen occurs after weeks, months or after years.

Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Description : Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Last Answer : all above

What is primary immune response ?

Description : What is primary immune response ?

Last Answer : First exposure to an antigen produces primary immune response.

The immune system normally discriminates between which types of antigens. a) B and T cells b) self and non-self c) humoral and cell-mediated d) primary and secondary

Description : The immune system normally discriminates between which types of antigens. a) B and T cells b) self and non-self c) humoral and cell-mediated d) primary and secondary

Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- SELF AND NON-SELF

Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Description : Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Last Answer : secondary humoral response

What will our immune system do in response of scarlet fever?

Description : What will our immune system do in response of scarlet fever?

Last Answer : Need answer

What are the Mechanical and chemical barriers the inflammatory response and the immune response?

Description : What are the Mechanical and chemical barriers the inflammatory response and the immune response?

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Immune response?

Description : Immune response?

Last Answer : DefinitionThe immune response is how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.Alternative NamesInnate immunity; Humoral immunity; Cellular ... body's cells have proteins that are antigens. These include a group of antigens

What type of blood cells are involved in the immune response?

Description : What type of blood cells are involved in the immune response?

Last Answer : Lymphocytes

Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association with some other large molecule (D) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Description : Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association ... ) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : D

All the following statements about haptens are true except (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They cannot elicit an immune response by themselves (C) When combined with some other large molecule, they can elicit an immune response (D) Once an immune response develops, the free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Description : All the following statements about haptens are true except (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They cannot elicit an immune response by themselves (C) When combined with some other large ... response (D) Once an immune response develops, the free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : A

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this arm of the surgical stress response? a. Cytokines primarily work locally via direct cell-to-cell communication b. Cytokines are never detectable in the systemic bloodstream c. Cytokines are produced only by immune cells attracted to the site of injury d. Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream

Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Description : Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Last Answer : Rh

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase. (c) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Description : Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV ... ) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Last Answer : (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to (a) passive immune response (b) innate immune response (c) humoral immune response (d) cell-mediated immune response.

Description : Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to (a) passive immune response (b) innate immune response (c) humoral immune response (d) cell-mediated immune response.

Last Answer : (d) cell-mediated immune response.

In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self- cells, then it leads to (a) autoimmune disease (b) active immunity (c) allergic response (d) graft rejection.

Description : In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self- cells, then it leads to (a) autoimmune disease (b) active immunity (c) allergic response (d) graft rejection.

Last Answer : (a) autoimmune disease

Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient’s body. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections? (a) Cell-mediated immune response (b) Hormonal immune response (c) Physiological immune response (d) Autoimmune response

Description : Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient’s body. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections? (a) Cell-mediated immune response (b) Hormonal immune response (c) Physiological immune response (d) Autoimmune response

Last Answer : (a) Cell-mediated immune response

Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft? (a) Cell-mediated immune response (b) Auto-immune response (c) Humoral immune response (d) Inflammatory immune response

Description : Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft? (a) Cell-mediated immune response (b) Auto-immune response (c) Humoral immune response (d) Inflammatory immune response

Last Answer : (a) Cell-mediated immune response

The figure shows a human blood cell. Identify it and give its characteristics. Blood cell Characteristics (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response (b) B-lymphocyte Forms about 20% of blood cells involved in immune response (c) Neutrophil Most abundant blood cells, phagocytic (d) Monocyte Lifespan of 3 days, produces antibodies

Description : The figure shows a human blood cell. Identify it and give its characteristics. Blood cell Characteristics (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response (b) B-lymphocyte Forms about 20% of ... Most abundant blood cells, phagocytic (d) Monocyte Lifespan of 3 days, produces antibodies

Last Answer : (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response

Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I Column - II (A) Eosinophils (i) Immune response (B) Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis (C) Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (D) Lymphocytes (iv) Release granules containing histamine (A) (B) (C) (D) (a) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) (b) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

Description : Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I Column - II (A) Eosinophils (i) Immune response (B) Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis (C) Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (D) Lymphocytes (iv) ... (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

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____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Description : ____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Last Answer : b. Cell-mediated immune response

The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Description : The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the ... rate The amount of virus in circulation and the number of infected cells equals the rate of viral clearance.

Last Answer : a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node? a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate.

Description : During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node? a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte ... cellular response reaches and couples with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.

Last Answer : a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate.

Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Description : Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic ... series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells.

Last Answer : a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes include basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. c) Spherocyte A spherocyte is a red blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.

Description : Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes ... blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.

Last Answer : a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens.

Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections ? (1) Cell - mediated immune response (2) Hormonal immune response (3) Physiological immune response (4) Autoimmune response

Description : Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections ? (1) Cell - mediated immune response (2) Hormonal immune response (3) Physiological immune response (4) Autoimmune response

Last Answer : (1) Cell - mediated immune response

Study of individual's immune response to a certain disease is called as __________. a. Clinical pathology b. Surgical pathology c. Neuropathology d. Immunopathology

Description : Study of individual's immune response to a certain disease is called as __________. a. Clinical pathology b. Surgical pathology c. Neuropathology d. Immunopathology

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Which of the following is secondary to immune deficiency: A. Pseudo membrane deficiency B. Herpes simplex C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Elevated Epstein bar viruses incidence

Description : Which of the following is secondary to immune deficiency: A. Pseudo membrane deficiency B. Herpes simplex C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Elevated Epstein bar viruses incidence

Last Answer : D. Elevated Epstein bar viruses incidence

In increase in α2-Globulin with loss of albumin in urine suggests (A) Primary immune deficiency (B) Nephrotic syndrome (C) Cirrhosis of liver (D) Multiple myeloma

Description : In increase in α2-Globulin with loss of albumin in urine suggests (A) Primary immune deficiency (B) Nephrotic syndrome (C) Cirrhosis of liver (D) Multiple myeloma

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The nurse’s base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements? Primary immunodeficiencies a) develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system.

Description : The nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements? Primary immunodeficiencies a) develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases ... . Without treatment, infants and children with these disorders seldom survive to adulthood.

Last Answer : a) develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system.

In heart cells, which of the following serves as a secondary messenger, speeding up muscle cell contraction in response to adrenaline ?

Description : In heart cells, which of the following serves as a secondary messenger, speeding up muscle cell contraction in response to adrenaline ?

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Sepsis causes a marked metabolic response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the metabolic response to sepsis? a. Oxygen consumption is increased in the face of infection b. In a patient with a maximal metabolic rate secondary to trauma, the presence of infection will increase the rate further c. Metabolic rate increases at a rate of approximately 10% for each increase of 1°C in central temperature d. The extent of increase in oxygen consumption relates to the severity of the infection

Description : Sepsis causes a marked metabolic response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the metabolic response to sepsis? a. Oxygen consumption is increased in the face of infection ... d. The extent of increase in oxygen consumption relates to the severity of the infection

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Oxygen consumption is usually elevated in the infected patient. The extent of this increase is related to the severity of the infection, with peak elevations reaching 50% ... suggest that the metabolic rate increases 10% to 13% for each elevation of 1°C in central temperature

Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The “two-hit” model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively minor second insult reactivates, in a more amplified form, the systemic inflammatory response that was primed by an initial insult to the host. B. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock due to sepsis or SIRS, and MODS may be regarded as a continuum of illness severity. C. Prolonged stimulation or activation of Kupffer cells in the liver is thought to be a critical factor in the sustained, uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators. D. The incidence of MODS in intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The two-hit model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively ... intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

Last Answer : Answer: ABC DISCUSSION: MODS is part of a clinical continuum that begins with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which is the host's stress response to any major insult such ... pathogenesis of MODS, the incidence of MODS continues to increase without a significant improvement in outcome

Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their (a) nutritive value (b) growth response (c) defence action (d) effect on reproduction

Description : Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their (a) nutritive value (b) growth response (c) defence action (d) effect on reproduction

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Booster immunizations are used to raise the antibody level by stimulating the _____ cells to induce the secondary antibody response. a. helper T b. B c. memory d. plasma

Description : Booster immunizations are used to raise the antibody level by stimulating the _____ cells to induce the secondary antibody response. a. helper T b. B c. memory d. plasma

Last Answer : c. memory

The _____ class of antibodies is the principal component of a secondary antibody response. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgE

Description : The _____ class of antibodies is the principal component of a secondary antibody response. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgE

Last Answer : c. IgG

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Description : What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Last Answer : A: Primary succession occurs in an area where no soil or organisms are present, while secondary succession occurs in an area that has previously been inhabited by organisms but has been disturbed or damaged.

What's the difference between primary and secondary emotions?

Description : What's the difference between primary and secondary emotions?

Last Answer : Interesting question, made me stop for a bit and think. I’d guess it’s because something happened, and you responded by getting angry. There was a trigger, and then there was the anger. But then what would love be? Or any of the other feelings?

Women's/Gender Studies people - what's the difference between primary and secondary sources?

Description : Women's/Gender Studies people - what's the difference between primary and secondary sources?

Last Answer : answer:Here is a link that might provide some guidance . In my historical work on gender studies, I treated my own interviews as primary studies. Hypothesis based on the author's interviews in a ... source. So a particular work, you can reference the same author as both primary and secondary.

the most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with: -General Knowledge

Description : the most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with: -General Knowledge

Last Answer : b. the kinds of relationships that exist within them.

Difference between primary and secondary sewage treatment? -Biology

Description : Difference between primary and secondary sewage treatment? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Difference between primary and secondary meristems? -Biology

Description : Difference between primary and secondary meristems? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

What is the difference between primary ecological succession and secondary ecological succession ?

Description : What is the difference between primary ecological succession and secondary ecological succession ?

Last Answer : Primary ecological succession is the changing sequence of communities from the first biological occupation of a place where previously there were no living beings. For example, the colonization and the following ... from the invasion of plants and animals are in an abandoned crop or land.

Which of the following statements identifies the difference between the primary windings and the secondary windings of a 2:1 stepdown transformer? A. The secondary windings have twice as much resistance as the primary windings. B. The secondary windings give off twice as much heat as the primary windings. C. The secondary windings require half as much current as the primary windings. D. The secondary windings have half as many turns as the primary windings.

Description : Which of the following statements identifies the difference between the primary windings and the secondary windings of a 2:1 stepdown transformer? A. The secondary windings have twice as much resistance ... primary windings. D. The secondary windings have half as many turns as the primary windings.

Last Answer : Answer: D

If a secondary coil has 40 turns, and, a primary coil with 20 turns is charged with 50 V of potential difference, then the potential difference in the secondary coil would be A. 50 V in secondary coil B. 25 V in secondary coil C. 60 V in secondary coil D. 100 V in secondary coil

Description :  If a secondary coil has 40 turns, and, a primary coil with 20 turns is charged with 50 V of potential difference, then the potential difference in the secondary coil would be A. 50 V in secondary coil B. 25 V in secondary coil C. 60 V in secondary coil D. 100 V in secondary coil

Last Answer : 100 V in secondary coil

What are the difference between primary cell and secondary cell?

Description : What are the difference between primary cell and secondary cell?

Last Answer : Primary cell: The electrolyte in primary cell is chemically irreversible. That is once the cell is discharged it cannot be recharged. It should be replaced with a new cell. The cells can ... efficiency compare to primary cells. These can supply constant current. These are comparatively costly.