What are endothelial?

What are endothelial?
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What are the features for Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells?

Description : What are the features for Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells?

Last Answer : HHSEC are isolated from human liver. HHSEC are cryopreserved immediately after purification and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >5 x 10^5 cells in 1 ml volume. HHSEC are characterized by immunofluorescent ... ). HHSEC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi.

Prothrombin is synthesised in (A) Erythrocytes (B) Reticulo-endothelial cells (C) Liver (D) Kidneys

Description : Prothrombin is synthesised in (A) Erythrocytes (B) Reticulo-endothelial cells (C) Liver (D) Kidneys

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of hypoxanthine and xanthene b. Oxygen free radicals such as the superoxide radical are involved in the expression of the proinflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils c. The intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAN-1) contributes to injury and disruption of the endothelial lining, with extensive capillary leak and resultant interstitial edema d. Animal models have demonstrated that passive immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway of the compliment cascade b. Eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins are stored in platelets and endothelial cells and released in response to inflammatory stimuli c. Thromboxane and PGI2 have similar effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway ... effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Last Answer : Answer: d Inflammatory mediators have recently been recognized as playing a significant role in the clinical manifestations and progression of shock and the development ... increased pulmonary vascular resistance, bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasodilatation, and increased vascular permeability

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the pulmonary response to shock? a. The acute pulmonary vascular response to shock differs markedly from that of systemic vasculature b. The pulmonary edema of ARDS occurs in the face of elevated left heart pressures c. The initial physiologic changes of ARDS involve the capillary endothelial cells and the type I pneumocyte d. Mechanisms proposed in the pathogenesis of ARDS include injury from mediators of inflammation elsewhere and from activated cellular elements e. A decrease in lung compliance may result from the loss of type I pneumocytes

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the pulmonary response to shock? a. The acute pulmonary vascular response to shock differs markedly from that of systemic vasculature b. The ... elements e. A decrease in lung compliance may result from the loss of type I pneumocytes

Last Answer : Answer: c, d, e Contributing pathophysiologic processes to the pulmonary manifestations of shock include the pulmonary component of the cardiovascular response, disruption of the normal ... injury from mediators of inflammation elaborated elsewhere, and from activated cellular blood elements

Which of the following statements regarding endothelial cells in acute inflammation are true? a. Endothelial cells are characterized by phenotypic homogeneity b. Specific patterns of receptor expression regulate leukocyte adherence c. Endothelial cell nitric oxide generation regulates regional blood flow and leukocyte adhesion d. Endothelial cells may be capable of phagocytosis

Description : Which of the following statements regarding endothelial cells in acute inflammation are true? a. Endothelial cells are characterized by phenotypic homogeneity b. Specific patterns of receptor expression ... blood flow and leukocyte adhesion d. Endothelial cells may be capable of phagocytosis

Last Answer : Answer: b, c, d Endothelial cells are increasingly recognized to be phenotypically heterogeneous. Specific receptor molecules are expressed at various sites where they help to direct lymphocytes and ... rather, they possess the ability to direct and focus many aspects of an inflammatory event

Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Description : Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Like the eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor (PAF) is not stored in cells but is rapidly produced during inflammation. PAF exerts a variety of biologic effects ... and LTB4. There is considerable overlap and redundancy in the effects produced by PAF and eicosanoids

Which of the following statements regarding IL-1 are correct? a. While IL-1 and TNFa share many biologic effects, IL-1 appears to be more potent b. IL-1 expression is in part autoregulated c. IL-1 inhibits prostaglandin production d. The ability of IL-1 to upregulate endothelial cell-neutrophil adhesion molecules is relatively limited

Description : Which of the following statements regarding IL-1 are correct? a. While IL-1 and TNFa share many biologic effects, IL-1 appears to be more potent b. IL-1 expression is in part ... production d. The ability of IL-1 to upregulate endothelial cell-neutrophil adhesion molecules is relatively limited

Last Answer : Answer: b IL-1 and TNFa share many biologic properties. In addition, each potentiates the effects of the other one when given concurrently. Overall, IL-1 alone probably has weaker effects than ... IL-1 provides a key step in the extravasation of leukocytes to sites of local inflammation and injury

Leukocyte activation and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the inflammatory process. This process is regulated by which of the following molecules? a. The selectins b. The b5 integrins c. The immunoglobulin supergene family d. Nitric oxide e. IL-8

Description : Leukocyte activation and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the inflammatory process. This process is regulated by which of the following molecules? a. The selectins b. The b5 integrins c. The immunoglobulin supergene family d. Nitric oxide e. IL-8

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d, e The temporal events that initiate and propagate neutrophil recruitment and inflammation include endothelial cell activation and expression of endothelial-derived ... role in neutrophil recruitment and activation, and the continued propagation of the inflammatory response

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the proliferative phase of wound healing? a. The macrophage is the predominant cell type b. The pink or purple-red appearance of a wound is due to ingrowth and proliferation of endothelial cells c. Collagen, the dominant structural molecule of the wound matrix, contains two unique amino acids, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine d. The predominant collagen type in a scar is type 3

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the proliferative phase of wound healing? a. The macrophage is the predominant cell type b. The pink or purple-red appearance of a wound ... amino acids, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine d. The predominant collagen type in a scar is type 3

Last Answer : Answer: b, c The proliferative phase of wound healing begins with the formation of a provisional matrix of fibrin and fibronectin as part of the initial clot formation. Initially, the provisional ... The principal collagen type scar is type 1, with lesser amounts of type 3 collagen also present

Syncytium is formed by (a) primitive reticular cells (b) phagocytic reticular cells (c) endothelial cells (d) sensory cells

Description : Syncytium is formed by (a) primitive reticular cells (b) phagocytic reticular cells (c) endothelial cells (d) sensory cells

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Chemotactic factors are produced by EXCEPT: D A. Lymphocytes B. Monocytes C. Endothelial cells D. Collagen

Description : Chemotactic factors are produced by EXCEPT: D A. Lymphocytes B. Monocytes C. Endothelial cells D. Collagen

Last Answer : Collagen

The following are true about blood-brain barrier: a. it is permeable at birth b. it involves tight junction between endothelial cells and end feet processes of astrocytes c. it is absent in the posterior pituitary d. all above

Description : The following are true about blood-brain barrier: a. it is permeable at birth b. it involves tight junction between endothelial cells and end feet processes of astrocytes c. it is absent in the posterior pituitary d. all above

Last Answer : all above

The blood-brain-barrier: a. contains the foot processes of astrocytes b. contains endothelial cells with tight junction c. allows transport in one direction only ie from the vascular system into the brain d. does not allow diffusion of water

Description : The blood-brain-barrier: a. contains the foot processes of astrocytes b. contains endothelial cells with tight junction c. allows transport in one direction only ie from the vascular system into the brain d. does not allow diffusion of water

Last Answer : does not allow diffusion of water

The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I c. tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above

Description : The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing ... necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above

Last Answer : all above

With regard to the blood retina barrier: a. the outer blood retina is formed by the retinal pigment epithelium cells and their junctions b. the blood retina barrier is typically defective in the immediate perpapillary region c. the retinal vascular endothelial cells can actively transport fluid and anions from the extracellular space of the retina into the circulation d. all above

Description : With regard to the blood retina barrier: a. the outer blood retina is formed by the retinal pigment epithelium cells and their junctions b. the blood retina barrier is typically defective in the ... fluid and anions from the extracellular space of the retina into the circulation d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by (a) juxtaglomerular (JG) cells (b) macula densa cells (c) endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels) (d) liver cells.

Description : Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by (a) juxtaglomerular (JG) cells (b) macula densa cells (c) endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels) (d) liver cells.

Last Answer : d) liver cells.

Wall of blood capillary is formed of (a) haemocytes (b) parietal cells (c) endothelial cells (d) oxyntic cells.

Description : Wall of blood capillary is formed of (a) haemocytes (b) parietal cells (c) endothelial cells (d) oxyntic cells.

Last Answer : c) endothelial cells

A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)

Description : A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)

Last Answer : b. pathogen-associated

Antiatherosclerotic effect of which class of hypolipidemic drugs may involve additional mechanisms like improved endothelial function, reduced LDL oxidation and antiinflammatory property: A. Bile acid sequestrant resins B. Statins C. Fibrates D. Nicotinic acid

Description : Antiatherosclerotic effect of which class of hypolipidemic drugs may involve additional mechanisms like improved endothelial function, reduced LDL oxidation and antiinflammatory property: A. Bile acid sequestrant resins B. Statins C. Fibrates D. Nicotinic acid

Last Answer : B. Statins

Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage of lipid soluble drugs into the brain C. It limits entry of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Description : Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage ... of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Last Answer : D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

6 The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Description : 6 The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage of lipid soluble drugs into the brain C. It limits entry of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Description : Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage ... of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Last Answer : D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Description : The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage of lipid soluble drugs into the brain C. It limits entry of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Description : Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage ... of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

Last Answer : D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood

The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Description : The blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of many drugs into brain, is constituted by: A. P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries C. Enzymes present in brain capillary walls D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above