Description : State objectives of Geotechnical Engineering.
Last Answer : Following are the objectives of geotechnical engineering: 1) To perform soil investigation and to develop methods for soil sampling. 2) To classify soil properties in the light of soil ... result and soil investigation and sampling, so as to use soil as construction material economically.
Description : Stat field applications of geotechnical engineering
Last Answer : The field of geotechnical Engineering includes some important applications as: a) Foundation design b) Pavement Design c) Design of earth retaining structures d) Design of earth dams e) Design of ... at which maximum Density will occur is most essential for the design of earthen dam.
Description : Explain any four field applications of Geotechnical Engineering.
Last Answer : The Field application of GTE as a) Foundation design b) Pavement design c) Design of earth retaining structures d) Design of earthen dams e) Design of embankment slopes f) ... Underground structures The shape of tunnel depends on the type of soil, geological stability of beds
Description : State and explain any four field applications of Geotechnical Engineering.
Last Answer : Field applications of Geotechnical Engineering are as follows: 1. Design of foundation for various structures: Foundation is required to transfer the load of super structure to foundation soil and to ... of beds. GTE is necessary to study shear strength, permeability of soil for such structure.
Description : Write any four importance of geology in Civil Engineering.
Last Answer : Importance of geology in civil engineering. 1. It provides a systematic knowledge of construction materials, their structure and properties. 2. The knowledge of erosion, Transportation and deposition by ... 8. Pre-geological survey of the area concerned reduces the cost of engineering works.
Description : State any two engineering uses of igneous rock.
Last Answer : i) They are used architecturally as decorative work for flooring and walls ii) Crushed igneous rock can be used as aggregate for extremely high strength concrete
Description : State any four importance of soil in civil engineering.
Last Answer : 1. Soil is more suitable in embankment fills and retaining pond beds after their construction. 2. Soil is also suitable for foundation but require compactions as without compaction structure may collapse. 3. ... earthen dams. 8. For Water bound macadam roads soil is used as a binder material.
Description : State two civil engineering situations where knowledge of geotechnical engineering is used.
Last Answer : Civil engineering situations where knowledge of Geo-Technical Engineering (GTE) is used: 1. Geo-Technical Engineering knowledge is required to find most suitable site for proposed construction work. 2. ... underground structures i.e. pipeline, tunnels etc. by knowing soil erosion, slope stability.
Description : Explain field applications of geotechnical engineering.
Last Answer : Field Application of geotechnical engineering: 1. In foundation design 2. In pavement design 3. In earth retaining structure 4. In design of earthen dams. 5. In design of ... important as load is transferred through the soil, therefore stress distribution should be taken into account.
Description : Write any two causes and effect of earthquakes.
Last Answer : Causes of earthquake - 1. Volcanic eruption 2. Technical movements 3. Natural disaster like landslide, tsunami 4. Massive civil structures like dams, reservoirs 5. High water flows 6. Manmade ... tidal waves 7. Fire exposure due to short circuiting 8. Loss of human life and property
Description : Write any two uses of soil as construction material
Last Answer : Uses of soil as construction material: 1. Clay the most widespread masonry material. 2. Pervious & impervious soil is used in earth dams. 3. Water bound macadam roads or WBM roads. 4. Canals & Embankments. 5. River protection works. 6. Soil cement mixture used as subgrade.
Description : Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.
Last Answer : This method is suitable for fine grained soil as quantity of water collected through soil mass is very less and cannot be measured accurately 2. The falling head test is used for relatively less permeable ... equal to the difference of water level in the stand pipe and the bottom tank.
Description : Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.
Last Answer : 1. Clean the pycnometer and dry it, find the mass of pycnometer, brass cap and washer accurate to 1g. say M1 2. Put about 200gm to 400gm of wet soil sample in pycnometer and find its mass with its cap ... it top of cap and find its weight say M4. 5. The specific gravity is calculated by
Description : Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.
Last Answer : Procedure of liquid limit 1. Take about 120 gm of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS Sieve in metal tray. 2. Add 20% distilled water to form uniform soil paste. 3. Put this soil paste in the ... graph as liquid limit (wL) of given soil sample. (ii) Grooving Toos
Description : Write any four uses of Soil Stabilization.
Last Answer : Uses of Soil Stabilization is as follows, 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce construction cost by use of locally available material. 3. To improve stability of slopes. 4. ... settlement of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil.
Description : Define CBR and write the significance of CBR .
Last Answer : i) Definition : The California Bearing Ratio abbreviated as CBR is defined as the ratio of test load to the standard load, expressed as percentage for a given penetration of plunger ii) ... It is used for evaluating the suitability of subgrade, sub - base and base course materials.
Description : Define compaction and write any three rollers used for compaction with their suitability.
Last Answer : Compaction: Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction. Rollers with their suitability a) Smooth wheel rollers: Suitability: These rollers best suitable for subgrade or base coarse ... thickness. c) Sheep foot roller: Suitability: Suitable only for fine grained soil.
Description : Write any four methods of improving bearing capacity.
Last Answer : Methods of improving bearing capacity of soil. i. By increasing depth of foundation: At deeper depths the over burden pressure on soil is higher hence soil is more compacted at deeper depth. As ... In this method poor soil bearing strata is hardened by injecting the cement grout under pressure.
Description : Write any four assumptions of Rankine’s theory made for non-cohesive soils.
Last Answer : Assumption of Rankines Theory for non-cohesive soils : i. The soil is semi-infinite, homogenous, dry and cohesion less. ii. The soil element is in the state of plastic equilibrium. iii ... and smooth. v. The wall yield about the base thus satisfies deformation condition for plastic equilibrium.
Description : Write any four uses of particle size distribution curve.
Last Answer : Particle size distribution curve (PSDC) is the semi log graph drawn as sieve size versus % finer of given soil sample. The PSDC is useful for grading of soil i.e. classification of soil ... When graph is of wavy nature indicating particles of only specific size and deficiency of other sizes.
Description : Define weathering and write the factors affecting weathering.
Last Answer : Weathering: The process by which the rocks is decayed, disintegrated & de-composited with the action of the physical agent of atmosphere like wind, water & ice is called as weathering. Factors affecting ... Steep slope b. Gentle slope. 3. Climate 4. Vegetation cover & organisms. 5. Time
Description : Define the crust and write the thickness of crust for following mentioned areas: 1) Under the ocean 2) Under continents.
Last Answer : Crust :The crust is earths lithosphere which is fragmented into tectonic plates that move over a rheic upper mantle (asthenosphere) via processes that are collectively refer to as plate tectonic. i) Under the ocean – 7 to 12 km. ii) Under continents – 30 to 45 km.
Description : Explain any two types of weathering: - 1. Mechanical Weathering 2. Chemical Weathering 3. Biological Weathering. 4. Spheroidal Weathering.
Last Answer : 1. Mechanical Weathering: - a) In mechanical weathering the rock surface is broken into smaller pieces without any chemical change. b) In mechanical weathering the smaller broken smaller rock ... rock. c) The main factor that affects chemical weathering are hydration, carbonizations, oxidation.
Description : State any four causes and two effects of earthquake
Last Answer : Possible cause of an earthquake are classified into below categories i) Movement of tectonic plates ii) Volcanic eruption iii) Anthropogenic sources iv) Dams v) Use of explosives vi) Sport games ... ground rupture. ii) Landslides and Avalanches iii) Fires iv) Soil liquefaction v) Tsunamis
Description : State any two purpose of compaction.
Last Answer : Purpose of compaction 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is required in case of slope stability improvement. 2.To decrease the permeability of soil, this ... of earth dam. 5. To increase resistance towards erosion of soil by rain and other causes.
Description : State any two situations where knowledge of soil mechanics is required.
Last Answer : 1. Design of foundation for various structures. 2. Design of pavement for various roads. 3. Design of earth retaining structures i.e. retaining wall, sheet pile. 4. Design of water retaining ... Design of abutments of bridge. 6. Design of underground structures i.e. pipeline, tunnels etc.
Description : Explain the formation process of soil and state any two types of soil in India.
Last Answer : Soil formation: Soil formation mainly takes place due to mechanical disintegration or chemical decomposition of rocks whenever rock get exposed to atmosphere, it is acted by various weathering agencies and it gets ... soil ii. Alluvial soil iii. Glacial soil iv. Lacustrine soil v. Eolian soil
Description : State two uses of soil.
Last Answer : Uses of soil: 1. Soil is used as construction material to manufacturing of clay bricks for masonry. 2. The murum is used for plinth filling in the building construction. 3. Natural ... in the form of supporting soil for various civil engineering structures like building, road, bridge etc.
Description : Define faults and state any two types of fault.
Last Answer : Fault: It is defined as the rupture / fracture along which there is a relative movement of beds. Types of fault : 1. Based on position of fault plane. i. Normal Fault ii. Reverse Fault 2. Based on ... fault 3. Horst and Graben 4. Step fault 5. Bedding fault 6. Dip fault 7. Strike fault
Description : Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.
Last Answer : Define: - Soil Stabilization is defined as improving the engineering performance of soil by artificial means. Necessity of Soil Stabilization : - 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce ... of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil.
Description : Draw the experimental setup of plate load test using gravity loading.
Last Answer : Plate Load Test :- 1.Bearing Plate: - It is either circular or square made up mild steel of not less than 25mm thickness and varying in size from 300 to 750mm with grooved bottom. For clayey soil ... settlement curve is plotted where load intensity is on X axis and Settlement is on Y axis.
Description : State the types of earthquakes based on focus and Richter scale.
Last Answer : Earthquakes based on focus distributed in three general depth ranges: i) Shallow earthquakes originate within about 60 kilometers of the surfaces ii) Intermediate earthquakes have foci between 60 to 300 ... causes several damages iii) Magnitude 2 represents the smallest tremor that can be felt.
Description : Enlist various types of seismic waves. How it can be recorded?
Last Answer : ii) P or Primary waves iii) S or Secondary waves iv) L or long waves The vibrations that are set up when an earthquake propagated as number of different types of waves. Different types ... A major shock recorded by seismograph and its epicenter, time of origin, depth of focus, magnitude etc.
Description : What do you mean by normal and reverse fault?
Last Answer : i) Normal fault: A normal fault is the one in which the hanging wall has apparently moved down with respect to the foot-wall ii) A Reverse fault is one in which the hanging wall has apparently moved up with respect to the footwall A reverse fault is that thrust which dips more than 450
Description : Define outcrop and fold of rock.
Last Answer : i) Out crop: The dip and strike of beds can be easily measured in the field from their exposures called outcrops ii) Fold: Folds may be defined as undulations or bends that are developed in the rock ... To which these rock have been subjected to, from time to time in the past history of the Earth.
Description : State any four physical properties of minerals.
Last Answer : i) External appearance and Internal Structure ii) Cleavage iii) Fracture iv) Hardness v) Specific gravity vi) Colour vii) Steak viii) Luster
Description : Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.
Last Answer : i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. ii) The metal tray with a ... gram. These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W3) taken.
Description : Criteria for deciding the location and number of test pits and bores
Last Answer : i) Single stroey buildigs : Building covering an area of four hectare, require atleast five bore holes. One at ii) Multi stroey buildigs : for Multi stroey buildig the bore holes should be at all the ... vii) Borrow pits : Spacing netween holes should be in case of borrow pits 25 to 30 meters.
Description : Describe Direct Shear Test with Neat Sketch.
Last Answer : 1. Take 250gm of dry sand in a shear box of 60mm x 60mm x 50mm and fix the upper part and lower part of box by locking screw and attach the base plate to lower part. 2. Place the grid ... normal stress on X axis. 12. The angle gives the shearing resistance and the intercept gives cohesion.
Description : State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.
Last Answer : i) This is commonly adopted and simplest method for determination of water content of a soil sample in the laboratory. ii) The method basically consists of drying a weighed moist sample of soil in an oven ... The above table gives the minimum quantity of soil sample to be taken for test.
Description : Explain the method of determination in-situ density with a core-cutter.
Last Answer : Dry unit weight of soil (γd) :The dry unit weight (γd) is the weight of solids (Ws) per unit of its total volume (V) (prior to drying) of the soil mass. (γd) = Ws/ V Procedure ... content determination. -Repeat the test at two or three locations nearly and get the average dry density
Description : What is a fold and state its types ?
Last Answer : Fold: It is defined as undulations or curvatures developed in the rocks of the crust as a result of stresses to which these rocks have been subjected from time to time in the past history of the earth. ... open fold and thickness is more at trough and crest at the limbs is called closed fold.
Description : What is meant by geologic cycle? State the types of weathering and explain brief.
Last Answer : Geologic cycle: The most important of these begins with molten magma from within the earth crystallizing into rock then continues with the rock being broken down into soil and that soil then being ... the break down and decay of rock indeed their part in soil formation is of major significance
Description : State and briefly explain any four physical properties of minerals.
Last Answer : Minerals have distinguishing physical properties that in most cases can be use to determine the identity of the mineral. Among the various properties crystal, habit, cleavage, hardness, density, luster, ... volume of water) Colour: color is sometimes an extremely diagnostic property of mineral
Description : Define: 1) Degree of saturation and 2) Air content.
Last Answer : i) Degree of saturation: The degree saturation is a ratio of the volume of water in the voids to the volume of voids. It is expressed as per cent ii) Air When soil mass is completely dry the ... = Vv Air content is defined as ratio of volume of air to volume of voids, i.e ac =Va/Vv
Description : Give the IS Definition of soil.
Last Answer : As per Indian standards 2809-1972: Soil is the sediment or other unconsolidated accumulation of solid particles produced by physical and chemical disintegration of rock.
Description : What is seismograph?
Last Answer : Seismograph: The energy released during faulting, produces seismic waves, which can be detected by sensitive and delicate instruments, called seismograph.
Description : Define outcrop and strike
Last Answer : i) Out crop: The dip and strike of beds can be easily measured in the field from their exposures called outcrops ii) Strike: The horizontal distance perpendicular to the fault plane is called as strike.
Description : State suitability of following compaction equipments (i) Smooth wheel roller (ii) Sheep foot roller, (iii) Rammer and (iv) Vibrator
Last Answer : Types of Compaction Equipment: - i) Compaction by Rolling: - a) Smooth wheel rollers : Suitability: These rollers best suitable for 5ubgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. ... : Suitable for compacting granular soils. with no fines in layer up to 1 m thickness
Description : Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.
Last Answer : Define Compaction : Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction Purpose of compaction : 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is ... of earth dam. 5.To increase resistance towards erossion of soil by rain and other causes.