State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve.

State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve. 
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Procedure:

1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20mm in tray.

2. Add about 4% water (approximately 120ml) to the soil and mixed thoroughly with trowel and cover it with moist cloth for 24 hrs to ensure thorough mixing of water with soil.

3. Note the dimension of proctor mould, collar and base plate.

4. Take the empty weight of the mould (without collar and base plate)

5. Apply a thin film of grease on inside of the mould.

6. Fix the mould with base plate with the help of wing nuts, place collar on the mould.

7. To determine the proctor density till the soil in mould in three equal layers and give 25 blows to each layer using standard hammer. Scrap the top surface of compacted layer before placing the next layer of a soil. Ensure that after compaction of the third layer, the level of compacted soil slightly above the top of the mould.

8. Remove the collar trim the soil with a straight edge, disconnect the mould from base plate and weigh it.

9. Extract the compacted soil from the mould.

10. Collect sample from middle of the mould for water content determination.

11. Repeat step 5 to 10 taking fresh sample of same soil with addition of 3 to 4% more water than previously added water. Repeat these steps for no. of times till a decrease in the weight of a soil is observed for at least two successive reading.

12. Calculate bulk density of compacted soil for each test.

13. Determine the maximum dry density and Optimum moisture content corresponding to the standard proctor compaction by plotting graph water content v/s dry density. 

image
Compaction Curve:
image 
Compaction curve is plotted between the water content as abscissa and the corresponding dry density as ordinate as shown in figure. It is observed that the dry density initially increases with an increase in water content since the soil particles gets lubricated and slips over each other and moved into densely packed position and dry density is increased, till the maximum density is attained. With further increase in water content the dry density decreases. Since there is formation of double layer of water around soil particles in the same volume.  
by

Related questions

Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Description : Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of Standard Proctor Test: 1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20 mm in tray. Add about 4% water (approximately 120 ml) to the soil and mix thoroughly with ... corresponding to the standard proctor compaction by plotting graph water content v/s. dry density.    

Explain modified proctor test with sketch.

Description : Explain modified proctor test with sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure: i. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20 mm in tray. ii. Add about 4% water (approximately 120 ml.) to the soil and mix thoroughly with trowel and cover it ... degree of saturation corresponding to the maximum dry density as OMC and MDD of given soil sample. 

Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer.

Description : Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer. 

Last Answer : Specific Gravity: It is ratio of unit weight in air of a given volume of soil solids at a specific temperature to unit weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at same temperature. ... Repeat all above steps two more times to calculate average specific gravity of given soil sample.

State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.

Description : State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.

Last Answer : i) This is commonly adopted and simplest method for determination of water content of a soil sample in the laboratory. ii) The method basically consists of drying a weighed moist sample of soil in an oven ... The above table gives the minimum quantity of soil sample to be taken for test.  

Explain different methods of field compaction of soil.

Description : Explain different methods of field compaction of soil.

Last Answer : Methods of field compaction of soil i) Rolling- In this method, soil is compacted by using 6-8 tonne heavy rollers. The rollers are selected as per type of soil. Due to ... compactors. Vibrations of large amplitude, rearrange the soil particles together and hence overall compaction takes place.

Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.

Description : Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.

Last Answer : This method is suitable for fine grained soil as quantity of water collected through soil mass is very less and cannot be measured accurately 2. The falling head test is used for relatively less permeable ... equal to the difference of water level in the stand pipe and the bottom tank. 

Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Description : Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Last Answer : 1. Clean the pycnometer and dry it, find the mass of pycnometer, brass cap and washer accurate to 1g. say M1 2. Put about 200gm to 400gm of wet soil sample in pycnometer and find its mass with its cap ... it top of cap and find its weight say M4. 5. The specific gravity is calculated by 

State suitability of following compaction equipments (i) Smooth wheel roller (ii) Sheep foot roller, (iii) Rammer and (iv) Vibrator

Description : State suitability of following compaction equipments (i) Smooth wheel roller (ii) Sheep foot roller, (iii) Rammer and (iv) Vibrator

Last Answer : Types of Compaction Equipment: - i) Compaction by Rolling: - a) Smooth wheel rollers : Suitability: These rollers best suitable for 5ubgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. ... : Suitable for compacting granular soils. with no fines in layer up to 1 m thickness

Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Description : Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Last Answer : Define Compaction : Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction Purpose of compaction : 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is ... of earth dam. 5.To increase resistance towards erossion of soil by rain and other causes.

State any four factors affecting compaction with their effect.

Description : State any four factors affecting compaction with their effect.

Last Answer : Following the different factors affecting compaction of soil with their effect: Water content : When water content is less i.e. dry soil , compaction is not better , but when water ... better compaction. Hence lesser thickness of soil layers can be effectively compacted to required density.

State any two purpose of compaction.

Description : State any two purpose of compaction.

Last Answer : Purpose of compaction 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is required in case of slope stability improvement. 2.To decrease the permeability of soil, this ... of earth dam. 5. To increase resistance towards erosion of soil by rain and other causes.

State the factors affecting compaction. State four equipments used for field methods of compaction. Also state its suitability.

Description : State the factors affecting compaction. State four equipments used for field methods of compaction. Also state its suitability.

Last Answer : Factors affecting compaction: i) Type of soil ii) Amount of compaction iii) Water content iv) Admixtures v) Method of compaction Equipment used for compaction with suitability. i) Compaction ...  Suitability: Suitable for compacting granular soils with no fines in layer up to 1 m thickness.

Give suitability of any four compaction equipments.

Description : Give suitability of any four compaction equipments. 

Last Answer : i) Smooth wheel rollers : Suitability: These rollers best suitable for 5ubgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. , ii) Pneumatic tyred rollers: Suitability: Pneumatic tyred rollers ... : Suitable for compacting granular soils. with no fines in layer up to 1 m thickness.

Define compaction and write any three rollers used for compaction with their suitability.

Description : Define compaction and write any three rollers used for compaction with their suitability.

Last Answer : Compaction: Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction. Rollers with their suitability a) Smooth wheel rollers: Suitability: These rollers best suitable for subgrade or base coarse ... thickness. c) Sheep foot roller: Suitability: Suitable only for fine grained soil. 

Determine the practical applications of various types of compaction equipments.

Description : Determine the practical applications of various types of compaction equipments.

Last Answer : Practical applications of compaction equipments: 1. Compaction by rolling: a) Smooth Wheel Rollers: These rollers best suitable for subgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. b) Pneumatic ... It is suitable for compacting granular soils with no fines in layer up to 1 m.

Explain the method of determination in-situ density with a core-cutter.

Description : Explain the method of determination in-situ density with a core-cutter.

Last Answer : Dry unit weight of soil (γd) :The dry unit weight (γd) is the weight of solids (Ws) per unit of its total volume (V) (prior to drying) of the soil mass. (γd) = Ws/ V Procedure ... content determination. -Repeat the test at two or three locations nearly and get the average dry density

Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Description : Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Last Answer : Determination of specific gravity by pycnometer test: Precedure :- 1. Dry the pycnometer and weigh it with its cap (W1) 2. Take about 200 g to 300 g of oven dried soil passing through 4. ... with cap screw on. 8. Weigh the pycnometer after drying it on the outside thoroughly (W4).

Explain the determination of liquid limit of soil with neat sketches.

Description : Explain the determination of liquid limit of soil with neat sketches.

Last Answer : Procedure of Liquid Limit Test: 1. Take about 120 gm. of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS sieve in metal tray. Add 20 % distilled water to the soil sample to form uniform soil ... content corresponding to 25 blows from graph as liquid limit (WL) of given soil sample.  

Explain the determination of plastic limit of soil.

Description : Explain the determination of plastic limit of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure for determination of plastic limit of soil: 1. Take 20-25 gm air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS sieve. 2. Add distilled water in soil and mix it thoroughly for 10-15 ... all above steps two more tones to get average water content as plastic limit (WP) given soil sample.

The field density and field moisture content of a soil can be determined by 1. Core cutter method 2. Sand replacement method 3. Proctor compaction test 4. Modified proctor compaction test (a) 1, 2, 3 & 4 (b) 1 & 2 only (c) 2 & 3 only (d) 2 & 4 only

Description : The field density and field moisture content of a soil can be determined by 1. Core cutter method 2. Sand replacement method 3. Proctor compaction test 4. Modified proctor compaction test (a) 1, 2, 3 & 4 (b) 1 & 2 only (c) 2 & 3 only (d) 2 & 4 only

Last Answer : (b) 1 & 2 only

When the compaction energy increases the compaction of soils: (a) Both of OMC and maximum dry density decrease (b) Both of OMC and maximum dry density increase (c) OMC decreases but maximum dry density decrease (c) OMC increases but maximum dry density increase

Description : When the compaction energy increases the compaction of soils: (a) Both of OMC and maximum dry density decrease (b) Both of OMC and maximum dry density increase (c) OMC decreases but maximum dry density decrease (c) OMC increases but maximum dry density increase

Last Answer : (c) OMC decreases but maximum dry density decrease

Explain plate load test and draw a load settlement curve

Description : Explain plate load test and draw a load settlement curve

Last Answer : i) Plate load test is a filed test to determine the ultimate bearing capacity f soil and probable settlement under given loading. ii) The test essentially consist in loading a rigid plate, called bearing ... /hr xi) the results of test are plotted between settlement and load intensity

Describe the procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor method.

Description : Describe the procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor method.

Last Answer : Procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor method: The procedure of determining the workability of concrete using compaction factor as per IS: 1199-1959 is as follows. 1. Take the freshly ... upon calculated C.F., the degree of workability can be designated as follows. 

Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Description : Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Last Answer : i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. ii) The metal tray with a ... gram. These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W3) taken.    

Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Description : Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Last Answer : Laboratory Procedure for mechanical sieve Analysis Mechanical in laboratory 1) Dry sieve Analysis 2) Wet sieve analysis Apparatus required for test - i) Weighing balance accurate to 1g and 0.1g ... through the set of sieves. The material retained on each sieve is weighed and analysed

Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Description : Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Last Answer : Mechanical sieve analysis -The process of analyzing the particle size present in soil by using mechanical means, is known as mechanical sieve Analysis. By performing mechanical sieve analysis, a particle size ... c) Fine grained soil d) Coarse grained soil e) Uniformly graded soil

Explain with neat sketch particle size distribution curve.

Description : Explain with neat sketch particle size distribution curve.

Last Answer : Particle size distribution curve (PSDC) is the semi log graph drawn as sieve size versus % finer of given soil sample. The PSDC is useful for grading of soil i.e. classification of ... : When graph is of wavy nature indicating particles of only specific size and deficiency of other sizes. 

Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Description : Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of liquid limit 1. Take about 120 gm of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS Sieve in metal tray. 2. Add 20% distilled water to form uniform soil paste. 3. Put this soil paste in the ... graph as liquid limit (wL) of given soil sample.  (ii) Grooving Toos  

Write any four uses of particle size distribution curve.

Description : Write any four uses of particle size distribution curve. 

Last Answer : Particle size distribution curve (PSDC) is the semi log graph drawn as sieve size versus % finer of given soil sample. The PSDC is useful for grading of soil i.e. classification of soil ... When graph is of wavy nature indicating particles of only specific size and deficiency of other sizes. 

For the determination of shear strength parameters, c and , of soil in the laboratory, the test to be conducted will be (a) Triaxial compression test (b) Sieve analysis (c) Compaction test (d) Relative density test

Description : For the determination of shear strength parameters, c and , of soil in the laboratory, the test to be conducted will be (a) Triaxial compression test (b) Sieve analysis (c) Compaction test (d) Relative density test

Last Answer : (a) Triaxial compression test

Draw the experimental setup of plate load test using gravity loading.

Description : Draw the experimental setup of plate load test using gravity loading.

Last Answer : Plate Load Test :- 1.Bearing Plate: - It is either circular or square made up mild steel of not less than 25mm thickness and varying in size from 300 to 750mm with grooved bottom. For clayey soil ... settlement curve is plotted where load intensity is on X axis and Settlement is on Y axis.

Which of the following correspond to the recommendations of IRC for pavement thickness determination by CBR Method ? 1. CBR tests are to be conducted in-situ 2. Static compression is best adopted 3. The top 50 cm of sub grade should be compacted to as near the proctor density as possible (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only

Description : Which of the following correspond to the recommendations of IRC for pavement thickness determination by CBR Method ? 1. CBR tests are to be conducted in-situ 2. Static compression is best adopted 3. The top 50 cm of sub grade ... 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only

Last Answer : (c) 2 and 3 only

Explain dry strength and Dilatancy test on soil.

Description : Explain dry strength and Dilatancy test on soil. 

Last Answer : This is simple test which is used in the field for rough classification of soil. i) The prepared soil sample is completely dried in the sun or by air drying. Its strength is ... reaction is observed and recorded; inorganic soils exhibit a quick reaction whereas clays exhibit known to slow.

Explain with sketch plate load test.

Description : Explain with sketch plate load test.

Last Answer : Procedure i) Excavate a pit of depth equal to 5 times to that of breath of proposed footing. ii) Keep the suitable bearing plate of specified size (30, 45, 60, 75cm square in plan) ... Finally plot a graph of load vs. settlement to find out load before failure as bearing capacity of soil. 

Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Description : Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Last Answer : i) Plate load test is field test to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and probable settlement under given loading. ii)The test essentially consist in loading a rigid plate, called bearing ... and load intensity and ultimate bearing capacity (qu) of soil is found out. 

Enlist field identification test on soil and explain dilatency test.

Description : Enlist field identification test on soil and explain dilatency test.

Last Answer : Field Identification test on soil:- 1) Dry Strength Test 2) Dilatency Test 3) Toughness Test 4) Organic content and colour test 5) Visual examination. 6) Other identification test. ... and recorded. Inorganic silts show a quick reaction where as clays shows no reaction or slow reaction.

Explain vane shear test carried on given soil sample.

Description : Explain vane shear test carried on given soil sample.

Last Answer : i) The undrained shear strength of soft clays can be determined in a laboratory by a vane shear test ii) Apparatus - A) Consist of a vertical steel rod having four thin stainless steel blades fixed at ... Only bottom end partakes in shearing where τ is in N / mm2 and T is in N - mm

Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Description : Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Last Answer : Procedure of California Bearing Ratio Test: 1. Take a given soil; sample and add water equal to OMC of soil to prepare wet mix soil. 2. Take the CBR mould of 150 mm diameter and 175 mm height. Keep it ... Bearing Ratio of given soil as  % CBR = (Test load / Standard load ) X 100.

Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Description : Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure of plate load test: 1. Excavate a pit of depth equal to 5 times to that of breath of proposed footing. 2. Keep the suitable bearing plate of specified size (30, 45, 60, 75cm square in plan) ... as shown in figure below to find out load before failure as bearing capacity of soil.

Explain the direct shear test to determine shear strength of soil.

Description : Explain the direct shear test to determine shear strength of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure for Direct Shear Test: 1. Take 2.5 Kg air dried soil sample passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 2.36mm IS sieve. 2. Measure the internal dimensions of the shear box. Fix ... value Normal Stress as abscissa and the maximum shearing stress as ordinate to find shear strength of soil.

Explain the mechanical sieve analysis test carried out on soil sample to classify it.

Description : Explain the mechanical sieve analysis test carried out on soil sample to classify it.

Last Answer : Procedure of mechanical sieve analysis test: 1. Initially keep the given soil sample in rapid moisture meter for 2-3 hours to get oven dried soil. Break the visible lumps present in soil using ... . Well graded soil, poorly graded soil, uniformly graded soil, fine grained soil, coarse grained soil.

State the necessity of soil exploration. What is the criterion for deciding the number of test-pits for site investigation?

Description : State the necessity of soil exploration. What is the criterion for deciding the number of test-pits for site investigation?

Last Answer : Necessity of site exploration: 1. To know stratification below ground surface. 2. To determining index properties of soil like bulk density, voids ratio, water content, permeability, bearing capacity, ... should be taken along top line of upstream side across the abutments with 50 m spacing. 

Write step by step procedure for determination of specific gravity by pycnometer bottle.

Description : Write step by step procedure for determination of specific gravity by pycnometer bottle. 

Last Answer : Procedure for determination of specific gravity by pycnometer bottle: 1. Clean the pycnometer bottle and dry it. Take the weight of empty pycnometer with conical cap as W1' gm. 2. Oven dry the ... 8. Repeat all above steps two more times to calculate average specific gravity of given soil sample.

Criteria for deciding the location and number of test pits and bores

Description : Criteria for deciding the location and number of test pits and bores

Last Answer : i) Single stroey buildigs : Building covering an area of four hectare, require atleast five bore holes. One at ii) Multi stroey buildigs : for Multi stroey buildig the bore holes should be at all the ... vii) Borrow pits : Spacing netween holes should be in case of borrow pits 25 to 30 meters. 

Describe Direct Shear Test with Neat Sketch.

Description : Describe Direct Shear Test with Neat Sketch.

Last Answer : 1. Take 250gm of dry sand in a shear box of 60mm x 60mm x 50mm and fix the upper part and lower part of box by locking screw and attach the base plate to lower part. 2. Place the grid ... normal stress on X axis. 12. The angle gives the shearing resistance and the intercept gives cohesion.

What is meant by geologic cycle? State the types of weathering and explain brief.

Description : What is meant by geologic cycle? State the types of weathering and explain brief.

Last Answer : Geologic cycle: The most important of these begins with molten magma from within the earth crystallizing into rock then continues with the rock being broken down into soil and that soil then being ... the break down and decay of rock indeed their part in soil formation is of major significance

State and briefly explain any four physical properties of minerals.

Description : State and briefly explain any four physical properties of minerals. 

Last Answer : Minerals have distinguishing physical properties that in most cases can be use to determine the identity of the mineral. Among the various properties crystal, habit, cleavage, hardness, density, luster, ... volume of water) Colour: color is sometimes an extremely diagnostic property of mineral

State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Description : State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Last Answer : i) Mechanical stabilization - It is the process of improving properties of soil by changing its gradation. It depends on mechanical strength of aggregate, mineral composition etc Eg - Compaction at near ... help to drain water, increase strength, decrease mixing of soil, filters the water etc. 

State and explain any four field applications of Geotechnical Engineering.

Description : State and explain any four field applications of Geotechnical Engineering.

Last Answer : Field applications of Geotechnical Engineering are as follows:  1. Design of foundation for various structures: Foundation is required to transfer the load of super structure to foundation soil and to ... of beds. GTE is necessary to study shear strength, permeability of soil for such structure.

State and explain the failure of soil on the basis of Terzaghi’s analysis

Description : State and explain the failure of soil on the basis of Terzaghi’s analysis 

Last Answer : On the basis of Terzaghi's analysis the three types of shear failure occurs; i. General shear failure: When footing is rested on dense sand or stiff clay, the settlement increases ... the settlement increases vertical diraction at particular loading is called as Punching shear failure.