What is the relationship between the observed gram reaction and bacterial cell wall structure?

What is the relationship between the observed gram reaction and bacterial cell wall structure?
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Indicate the attribute that is common to both polymyxin B and bacitracin: A. Both are active against gram negative bacteria B. Both are too toxic for systemic use C. Both act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis D. Both a

Description : Indicate the attribute that is common to both polymyxin B and bacitracin: A. Both are active against gram negative bacteria B. Both are too toxic for systemic use C. Both act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis D. Both a

Last Answer : B. Both are too toxic for systemic use

The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Description : The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Last Answer : a. Gram-Negative Rods

The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Description : The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Last Answer : a. Gram-Negative Rods

Which one of the following is NOT true of exotoxins? a. They are proteins. b. They are part of cell wall structure. c. They are released from live bacterial cells. d. They trigger antibody production.

Description : Which one of the following is NOT true of exotoxins? a. They are proteins. b. They are part of cell wall structure. c. They are released from live bacterial cells. d. They trigger antibody production.

Last Answer : d. They trigger antibody production.

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

Description : Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the ... host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the systemic circulation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The LPS molecule exerts diverse effects on the mammalian host. Immunologic responses to LPS include nonspecific polyclonal B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation and ... deleterious effects on the host only after large amounts are secreted and reach the systemic circulation

The most important mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is (a) Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell (b) Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (c) Lowered affinity of the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol (d) Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesis

Description : The most important mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is (a) Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell (b) Acquisition of a plasmid encoded ... bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol (d) Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesis

Last Answer : Ans: B

The most important mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is: A. Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell B. Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase C. Lowered affinity of the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol D. Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesi

Description : The most important mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is: A. Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell B. Acquisition of a plasmid encoded ... the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol D. Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesi

Last Answer : B. Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferas

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells? Name the technique used for differentiating such bacterial cells.

Description : What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells? Name the technique used for differentiating such bacterial cells.

Last Answer : What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells? Name the technique used for differentiating such bacterial cells.

Why must fresh bacterial cultures be used in a Gram stain?

Description : Why must fresh bacterial cultures be used in a Gram stain?

Last Answer : Why must young cultures be used when doing a Gram stain Young cultures must be used so the crystal violet can stick to the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria. The cell walls break down in old cultures and the staining process is not accurate

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning gram-negative bacterial sepsis. a. Mortality due to this condition has almost been eliminated due to therapeutic intervention with antibiotics, aggressive hemodynamic monitoring and fluid resuscitation b. Recent series have noted a decrease in the incidence of this condition c. Predisposing factors include old age, malnutrition, and immunosuppression d. Pseudomonas bacteremia is the most common cause of gram-negative sepsis e. Polymicrobial sepsis is generally considered a more serious problem than sepsis due to a single organism

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning gram-negative bacterial sepsis. a. Mortality due to this condition has almost been eliminated due to therapeutic intervention with antibiotics, aggressive ... sepsis is generally considered a more serious problem than sepsis due to a single organism

Last Answer : Answer: c, e Gram-negative bacterial sepsis is a serious disease process that produces substantial morbidity and mortality in both normal and immunocompromised patients (10% to 20% and ... and most investigators agree that polymicrobial sepsis is more lethal than infection with a single organism

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the role of antibiotics in wound care? a. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for all open wounds b. Bacterial resistance can occur with systemic but not topical antibiotics c. An indication for systemic antibiotic administration is a granulation tissue bacterial count in excess of greater than 105 organisms/gram of tissue on quantitative analysis d. Silver sulfadiazine is useful only for the management of burns

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the role of antibiotics in wound care? a. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for all open wounds b. Bacterial resistance can occur with ... of tissue on quantitative analysis d. Silver sulfadiazine is useful only for the management of burns

Last Answer : Answer: c The role of antibiotics in wound care is controversial. All open wounds are colonized with bacteria. Only when surrounding tissue is invaded (cellulitis) are systemic antibiotics clearly ... of relevant drug-resistant plasmids in bacteria, and its low cost make it a good choice

Gentamicin and other aminoglycoside drugs are widely prescribed for treatment of _____ infections. a. fungal b. gram-positive bacterial c. gram-negative bacterial d. staphylococcal

Description : Gentamicin and other aminoglycoside drugs are widely prescribed for treatment of _____ infections. a. fungal b. gram-positive bacterial c. gram-negative bacterial d. staphylococcal

Last Answer : c. gram-negative bacterial

The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Description : The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Last Answer : c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The skin is a. Dominated By Gram-Negative Bacterial Cells. b. Free Of Bacterial Cells. c. Without A Microbiota.d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

Description : The skin is a. Dominated By Gram-Negative Bacterial Cells. b. Free Of Bacterial Cells. c. Without A Microbiota. d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

Last Answer : d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

An adult patient with a history of bacterial endocarditis requires prophylactic administration of antibiotics prior to removal of teeth. Indicate the pre-operative regimen:** A. Amoxicillin 2 gram one hour before operation orally B. Penicillin 250 mg orally six hours before operation C. Tetracycline 250-500 mg orally 2 hours before treatment

Description : An adult patient with a history of bacterial endocarditis requires prophylactic administration of antibiotics prior to removal of teeth. Indicate the pre-operative regimen:** A. Amoxicillin 2 gram ... orally six hours before operation C. Tetracycline 250-500 mg orally 2 hours before treatment

Last Answer : A. Amoxicillin 2 gram one hour before operation orally

The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity

Description : The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity

Last Answer : B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

Semisynthetic penicillins developed so far have overcome the following drawbacks of benzylpenicillin except: A. Lack of efficacy against gram negative bacilli B. Susceptibility to bacterial penicillinase C. Inactivation by gastric acid D. Potential to cause hypersensitivity reactions

Description : Semisynthetic penicillins developed so far have overcome the following drawbacks of benzylpenicillin except: A. Lack of efficacy against gram negative bacilli B. Susceptibility to bacterial penicillinase C. Inactivation by gastric acid D. Potential to cause hypersensitivity reactions

Last Answer : D. Potential to cause hypersensitivity reactions

What are the main components of plant and bacterial cell wall?

Description : What are the main components of plant and bacterial cell wall?

Last Answer : Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan.

An enzyme which brings about lysis of bacterial cell wall is (A) Amylase (B) Lysozyme (C) Trypsin (D) Lipase

Description : An enzyme which brings about lysis of bacterial cell wall is (A) Amylase (B) Lysozyme (C) Trypsin (D) Lipase

Last Answer : Answer : B

The complement system consists of a series of serum proteins that exist in a quiescent or very low-level state of activation in the uninfected host. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning complement activation? a. The alternate (properdin) pathway of complement activation can occur directly through contact with fungal or bacterial cell wall compounds b. Complement component fragments may serve to decrease vascular permeability c. Excessive complement activation can produce deleterious effects d. Fragments of certain complement components serve as chemoattractants to additional cellular components of the host defense mechanism

Description : The complement system consists of a series of serum proteins that exist in a quiescent or very low-level state of activation in the uninfected host. Which of the following ... certain complement components serve as chemoattractants to additional cellular components of the host defense mechanism

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Complement activation can occur through either classic or alternate (properdin) pathways, both of which eventuate in deposition of terminal complement pathway components on the ... and release of lysosomal enzymes that can directly damage certain target tissues, such as the lung

Penicillins interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis by (a) Inhibiting synthesis of N-acetyl muramic acid pentapeptide (b) Inhibiting conjugation between N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine (c) Inhibiting transpeptidases and carboxy peptidases which cross link the peptidoglycan residues (d) Counterfeiting for D-alanine in the bacterial cell wall

Description : Penicillins interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis by (a) Inhibiting synthesis of N-acetyl muramic acid pentapeptide (b) Inhibiting conjugation between N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl ... link the peptidoglycan residues (d) Counterfeiting for D-alanine in the bacterial cell wall

Last Answer : Ans: C

Bacterial cells do not have - (1) Cell wall (2) Plasma membrane (3) Ribosome (4) Mitochondria

Description : Bacterial cells do not have - (1) Cell wall (2) Plasma membrane (3) Ribosome (4) Mitochondria

Last Answer : (4) Mitochondria Explanation: Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are prokaiyotes, which ... are cells that don't possess membrane-bound organelles. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles.

The term ‘glycocalyx’ is used for (a) a layer present between cell wall and membrane of bacteria (b) cell wall of bacteria (c) bacterial cell glyco-engineered to possess N-glycosylated proteins (d) a layer surrounding the cell wall of bacteria.

Description : The term ‘glycocalyx’ is used for (a) a layer present between cell wall and membrane of bacteria (b) cell wall of bacteria (c) bacterial cell glyco-engineered to possess N-glycosylated proteins (d) a layer surrounding the cell wall of bacteria.

Last Answer : (d) a layer surrounding the cell wall of bacteria.

Select the wrong statement. (a) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan. (b) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells. (c) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells. (d) Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism.

Description : Select the wrong statement. (a) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan. (b) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells. (c) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells. (d) Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism.

Last Answer : (b) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells.

Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell? (a) Nuclear membrane (b) Plasma membrane (c) Glycocalyx (d) Cell wall

Description : Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell? (a) Nuclear membrane (b) Plasma membrane (c) Glycocalyx (d) Cell wall

Last Answer : (c) Nostoc

Bacillus subtilis makes a good "bacterial factory" in genetic engineering because _____. a. it normally retains the products it makes b. it is not a human pathogen c. contains endotoxins in it's cell wall d. traditionally ferments sugars

Description : Bacillus subtilis makes a good "bacterial factory" in genetic engineering because _____. a. it normally retains the products it makes b. it is not a human pathogen c. contains endotoxins in it's cell wall d. traditionally ferments sugars

Last Answer : b. it is not a human pathogen

The sulfonamides interfere with bacterial metabolism by a. blocking cell wall synthesis. b. disrupting folic acid metabolism. c. reacting with bacterial cell membranes. d. inhibiting DNA replication.

Description : The sulfonamides interfere with bacterial metabolism by a. blocking cell wall synthesis. b. disrupting folic acid metabolism. c. reacting with bacterial cell membranes. d. inhibiting DNA replication.

Last Answer : b. disrupting folic acid metabolism.

Vancomycin inhibits _____________ synthesis. a. protein b. DNA c. bacterial cell wall d. RNA

Description : Vancomycin inhibits _____________ synthesis. a. protein b. DNA c. bacterial cell wall d. RNA

Last Answer : c. bacterial cell wall

Bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is due to: A. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability C. Damage to bacterial cell wall D. Inhibition of bacterial oxidative metabolism

Description : Bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is due to: A. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability C. Damage to bacterial cell wall D. Inhibition of bacterial oxidative metabolism

Last Answer : B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability

Penicillins interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis by: A. Inhibiting synthesis of N-acetyl muramic acid pentapeptide B. Inhibiting conjugation between N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine C. Inhibiting transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases which cross link the peptidoglycan residues D. Counterfeiting for D-alanine in the bacterial cell wall

Description : Penicillins interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis by: A. Inhibiting synthesis of N-acetyl muramic acid pentapeptide B. Inhibiting conjugation between N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl ... cross link the peptidoglycan residues D. Counterfeiting for D-alanine in the bacterial cell wall

Last Answer : C. Inhibiting transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases which cross link the peptidoglycan residues

Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell ? (1) Nuclear membrane (2) Plasma membrane (3) Glycocalyx (4) Cell wall

Description : Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell ? (1) Nuclear membrane (2) Plasma membrane (3) Glycocalyx (4) Cell wall

Last Answer : (3) Glycocalyx

Bacterial cells do not have (1) Cell wall (2) Plasma membrane (3) Ribosome (4) Mitochondria

Description : Bacterial cells do not have (1) Cell wall (2) Plasma membrane (3) Ribosome (4) Mitochondria

Last Answer : Mitochondria

Before bacterial cells are simple stained and observed with the light microscope, they must be a. Smeared on a slide. b. Heat fixed. c. Air dried. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Description : Before bacterial cells are simple stained and observed with the light microscope, they must be a. Smeared on a slide. b. Heat fixed. c. Air dried. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because (a) They produce large quantities of penicillinase (b) They do not utilize D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited by benzyl penicillin (c) Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multiplayer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (d) Both (a) and (b)

Description : Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because (a) They produce large quantities of penicillinase (b) They do not utilize D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is ... lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multiplayer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (d) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Ans: C

The main difference in Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria resides in their (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) cytoplasm (d) flagella.

Description : The main difference in Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria resides in their (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) cytoplasm (d) flagella.

Last Answer : (a) cell wall

Difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is due to (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) ribosome (d) cytoplasm.

Description : Difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is due to (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) ribosome (d) cytoplasm.

Last Answer : (a) cell wall

Difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is due to (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) ribosome (d) cytoplasm.

Description : Difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is due to (a) cell wall (b) cell membrane (c) ribosome (d) cytoplasm.

Last Answer : (a) cell wall

The cell wall of A.gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria B.gram-negative bacteria are thicker than gram-positive bacteria C.both have same thickness but composition is different D.none of these

Description : The cell wall of A.gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria B.gram-negative bacteria are thicker than gram-positive bacteria C.both have same thickness but composition is different D.none of these

Last Answer : A.gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following is true about cell wall of gram-positive bacteria? A- It consists of multiple layers B- It is thicker than that associated with gram-negative bacteria C- It contains teichoic acids D- D.All of these

Description : Which of the following is true about cell wall of gram-positive bacteria? A- It consists of multiple layers B- It is thicker than that associated with gram-negative bacteria C- It contains teichoic acids D- D.All of these

Last Answer : D.All of these

Cyanobacteria have A-a gram-positive cell wall B- a gram-negative cell wall C- Neither (a) nor (b) D-No cell wall

Description : Cyanobacteria have A-a gram-positive cell wall B- a gram-negative cell wall C- Neither (a) nor (b) D-No cell wall

Last Answer : a gram-negative cell wall

The cell wall of A- gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria B- gram-negative bacteria are thicker than gram-positive bacteria C- both have same thickness but composition is different D- none of these

Description : The cell wall of A- gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria B- gram-negative bacteria are thicker than gram-positive bacteria C- both have same thickness but composition is different D- none of these

Last Answer : gram-positive bacteria are thicker than gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following is true about cell wall of gram-positive bacteria? A-It consists of multiple layers B- It is thicker than that associated with gram-negative bacteria C- It contains teichoic acids D- All of these

Description : Which of the following is true about cell wall of gram-positive bacteria? A-It consists of multiple layers B- It is thicker than that associated with gram-negative bacteria C- It contains teichoic acids D- All of these

Last Answer : All of these

Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because: A. They produce large quantities of penicillinase B. They do not utilise D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited by benzylpenicillin C. Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because: A. They produce large quantities of penicillinase B. They do not utilise D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited ... multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria D. Both A' and B' are correct

Last Answer : . Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria

What molecular structure is used to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell that will replicate the foreign DNA -Biology

Description : What molecular structure is used to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell that will replicate the foreign DNA -Biology

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What molecular structure is used to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell that will replicate the foreign DNA -Biology

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Explain the structure of the cyano bacterial cell -Biology

Description : Explain the structure of the cyano bacterial cell -Biology

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Explain the structure of the cyano bacterial cell -Biology

Description : Explain the structure of the cyano bacterial cell -Biology

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What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.?

Description : What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.?

Last Answer : plaama membrane

What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.?

Description : What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.?

Last Answer : plaama membrane

Gram-negative bacteria would stain_________ with the Gram stain and have _______in the wall. a. orange-red; Teichoic acid b. orange-red; lipopolysaccharide c. purple; peptidoglycan d. purple; Teichoic acid

Description : Gram-negative bacteria would stain_________ with the Gram stain and have _______in the wall. a. orange-red; Teichoic acid b. orange-red; lipopolysaccharide c. purple; peptidoglycan d. purple; Teichoic acid

Last Answer : c. purple; peptidoglycan