Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) Base line ii) Check line

1 Answer

Answer :

i) Base line: 

Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. 

ii) Check line 

It is a line joining apex of triangle to some fixed point on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle. 

image

Related questions

Description : Define base line and check line with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1)Base Line : The longest line running roughly through the middle of the area to be surveyed is known as base line 2) Check line: The line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed point on the ... A line joining some fixed point on any two sides of a triangle is known as check line. 

Description : Describe with neat sketch, the optical square and explain its principle.

Last Answer : Principal of optical square :- the angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors OR If there are two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces ... is 450 while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 900 .  

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Description : Draw a neat lebelled sketch of optical square. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Working of optical square1. Optical square works on principle of optical square to set perpendicular offset 2. Keep ranging rods at point B and C as shown in fig. 3. Observe the ... matched each other point D can be marked on ground and distance CD is measured as perpendicular offset.

Description : Draw a neat sketch of an arrow with dimensions.

Last Answer :  neat sketch of an arrow with dimensions

Description : Draw a neat labeled sketch of 30m chain.

Last Answer : neat labeled sketch of 30m chain

Description : Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : This method is used when all the points to be plotted are visible from single instrument station. Steps are: 1. Select a suitable point P on the ground such that all the details are visible from it. 2. Center and ... , pc, pd, pe respectively. Join a, b, c, d, and e to give the outline.

Description : Explain dip of magnetic needle with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : i) The inclination of the magnetic needle with the horizontal is called as magnetic dip of the needle. ii) Ordinary needle if perfectly balanced on pivot, remains in horizontal position. But when the needle ... sliding weight is attached on the side of the needle which is at higher position.  

Description : Explain reciprocal ranging with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Reciprocal ranging is done when ends of survey line are not intervisible due to hill intervening or ends of survey line are at far distance apart. Step wise procedure reciprocal ranging: 1. Let A and B be ... chained. 8. This method can also be used in ranging a line across a valley.  

Description : Explain the procedure for profile leveling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1) Let PQR be the given line of section.   2) Mark point at 10 m intervals on this line. 3) Level is set up on a firm ground at a suitable point I1. 4) Temporary adjustment of level is done and B. ... and set up on firm ground at I2 as before. 10) B.S is taken on CP1 and new HI is calculated  

Description : Explain ‘Intersection Method’ of plane table surveying with neat sketch. Also give situation when intersection method is used.

Last Answer : 1. Lay out a base line AB and measure it and Plot a distance ab' on sheet using any scale. 2.Set up instrument at A' with a' over A' 3.Orient the table by placing alidade ... the case of the survey of mountainous country. 5. The only linear measurement required is that of a base line.

Description : Explain Fly Levelling with neat sketch. State situation under which fly levelling is needed.

Last Answer : Ans: When DifferentialLevelling is done in order to connect a bench mark to the starting point of the alignment of any project, it is called as fly levelling. Fly levelling is also done to connect ...  ii)if distance is more between two points.  iii)if there obstacles between the two points.  

Description : Explain indirect ranging with neat sketch

Last Answer : Step wise procedure indirect ranging i.e. reciprocal ranging- Let A and B be the two station with rising ground or a hill intervening between them even i)Select any two intermediate station say M1 and N1 ... there position will be changed until finally they are both on the line A B exactly.  

Description : Explain with neat sketch the procedure of radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : 1. The table is set at suitable station e.g. P from where all stations can be sighted and measured. 2. After centering and leveling, mark station P as P' on sheet. 3. Suppose stations A, B, C, and D are ... marked as pa. 5. Similarly station B, C and D are bisected and marked as b, c and d.

Description : Explain with neat sketch graphical adjustment of closing error.

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Plot the traverse e.g. A'BCDEA to suitable scale and obtain magnitude and direction of closing error. 2. Draw a straight line A'BCDEA to some suitable scale representing the ... plotted points and locate new position of station points to give correct traverse A'B'C'D'E'A'.

Description : With neat sketch, explain the included angle method of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : 1. Calculate all included angles of the traverse from observed bearings of the lines. e.g. <A, <B, <C, <D, <E  2. Check sum of included angles as equal to ( ... coincide with starting station (in case of closed traverse). If there is closing error, it needs to be corrected. 

Description : With neat sketch, write the procedure of measurement of fore bearing with compass.

Last Answer : For measuring fore bearing of line AB, i) Place the compass over station A, center and level it.  ii) Looking through eye slit towards object vane, bisect the ranging rod at station ... which coincides with horse hair at observer end. The observed reading is the fore bearing of line AB

Description : Draw a neat sketch of optical square. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Optical Square: Working: The optical square consists of circular box 50 mm in diameter, 12.5 mm in depth. The box has three slits as A,B, and C. bb' is horizon glass, half silvered i.e ... the point on the chain line where the offset can be dropped to meet point J as shown in fig.  

Description : Explain with neat sketch the procedure of reciprocal ranging.

Last Answer : Reciprocal ranging / Indirect ranging Procedure: Let A and B be two survey stations. They are not mutually visible due to high ground between them. Let two assistant stands at M1 and N1 as ... and N1 which are nearer to line AB. Repeat same process until points M and N are established. 

Description : Explain with neat sketch method of stepping of chaining on sloping ground.

Last Answer : Procedure : To measure the horizontal distance between points A & B on sloping ground following steps should be followed ( Refer above figure.) 1. Starting from point A, the chain is unfolded and ... . Finally calculate total chained distance as d(AB) = d(AP1) + d(P2P3) + d(P4P5)

Description : Draw a neat sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Description : Explain principle of optical square with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Principle of optical square :- The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors In the case of optical square the angle between the mirrors is 45° while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 90°.  

Description : Explain the process of chaining on sloping ground by stepping method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : The procedure to measure horizontal distance between the points A and B on sloping ground is as follows. 1. Two persons-leader and follower are required for chaining. 2. The follower holds the end of chain at A. The leader goes ... between A and b L = AM, + MN' + NO' + OP' + PQ' + QB'

Description : Explain reciprocal levelling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Reciprocal levelling is adopted i) To find the difference in level accurately Between the two points considerably apart. ii) When it is not possible to set up the level in between the two points ... true difference is equal to the mean of the two apparent differences of level between A and B 

Description : Differentiate between simple levelling and differential levelling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : S.N Simple Levelling Differential levelling 1 Instrument is not shifted till the end of survey work.  Instrument is shifted as per requirements. 2 In this difference in elevation between ... elevation between two points is more or any obstacle between them. 4

Description : Define the term – base line and check line.

Last Answer : Base line: Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... point on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle.

Description : Describe in brief errors in levelling. 

Last Answer : The sources of error in levelling are as below 1) Instrumental errors: Error due to imperfect adjustment, Sluggish bubble, Faulty Focusing tube, Erroneous leveling staff. 2) Personal errors: ... length. Use umbrella to shelter the instrument, use sun shade, avoid levelling work during wind. 

Description : Describe in brief profile levelling.

Last Answer : The operation of taking levels along the center line of any alignment at regular interval is called longitudinal or profile levelling. Along the alignment, spots are marked at regular interval ... the points are plotted against their chainage to obtain ground profile along the alignment.

Description : Describe in brief errors in plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1) The board not being horizontal. 2) The table not being accurately centered. 3) The table not being Correctly oriented. 4) The objects not being sited accurately. 5) The alidade not being ... through the station point. 7) Inaccuracy in plotting. 8) The expansion and contraction of the paper.

Description : Describe in brief resection method of plane table surveying.

Last Answer : This method is used for establishing the instrument stations only. After fixing the stations, details are located either by radiation or intersection. The characteristic feature of resection is that the point ... of resection are (1)The Two Point Problem, and (2)Three Point Problem.

Description : Describe in brief errors in compass survey.

Last Answer : Errors in Compass Surveying. The errors are classified as: 1. Instrumental errors. 2. Personal or Observational errors. 3. Errors due to External Influences (Natural errors etc.).  (1 ... in magnetic declination. (iii) Local attraction due to proximity of electric lines, steel structures etc.

Description : Describe in brief obstacles in chaining.

Last Answer : There are 3 types of obstacles 1. Obstacle to ranging 2. Obstacle to chaining 3. Obstacle to both ranging & chaining. 1) Obstacle to Ranging: The type of obstacle in which the ... type of obstacle the problem lies in prolonging the line beyond the obstacle & determining the distance across it.

Description : Describe in brief process of chaining on sloping ground.

Last Answer : In direct method which is also known as stepping method horizontal distance is directly measured as shown in fig. Horizontal distance between A and B is required to be measured. Procedure: i) A ... iii) The next step start from the C and the method is continued till point B reached. 

Description : Describe in brief primary classification of surveying

Last Answer : Primary Classification Geodetic Survey The geodetic surveying is that type of surveying which takes into account the curvature of earth's surface. It is generally adopted for large area (more than ... large scale such as Bridges, Dams, Location and Construction of canals, highways, railways etc.

Description : Explain in brief linear measurement using : i) Pacing ii) Digital Tape 

Last Answer : i) Pacing : This method is used only for knowing approximate distance between the objects. In preliminary survey this method can be used for linear measurement. This method consists of counting the ... and compact and measures accurate reading. The maximum measuring length of digital tape is 4.8m 

Description : Explain in brief linear measurements using: {i) Chaining (ii) Digital Tape

Last Answer : i. Chaining:  a. Linear measurement with chain carried out by two chainmen-Leader and follower.  b. The follower keeps the chain handle at starting station point, holds firmly it and directs the ... is at right spot, press the button and tape measures, calculates and displays distance on screen.

Description : Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) English bond ii) Flemish bond

Last Answer : English bond : The Bond with alternate courses of headers and stretchers with a closer placed next to quoin header is called as the English Bond. Points Should be Remembered for English bond: 1. A ... . 4. Flemish Bond is slightly economical as a number of brick bats can be used.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

Description : State different types of leveling. Explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : Types of Levelling  1. Simple Levelling.  2. Differential Levelling.  3. Fly Levelling.  4. Longitudinal or profile leveling.  5. Cross-Section Levelling.  6. Check Levelling.  1. ... B are taken. The difference of these readings gives the difference of level between A and B. 

Description : Enlist method of ranging and explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : Ranging The method of establishing intermediate points on a straight line between the two fixed points is known as ranging. It is done before chaining started. It may be done by eye or by using some ... which are nearer to line AB. Repeat same process until points M and N are established.

Description : Describe in brief with neat sketch construction of tunnel with needle beam method

Last Answer : In this method stout timber beam known as needle beam is used which forms the main temporary support during the excavation. Construction steps: (a) First of all a small drift of about 1 1 m is ... . (d) After excavation, the lining is provided to the tunnel section and mucking is done. 

Description : Describe in brief caisson foundation for a bridge with neat sketch

Last Answer : Caisson foundation A caisson foundation also called as pier foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a bridge pier in the construction of a concrete dam or for the repair of ships. It is ... the ground to some desired depth and then filled with concrete thus forming a foundation.

Description : Describe in brief working of Symons rain gauge with neat labelled sketch.

Last Answer : The most common type of non- recording rain gauges used in our country is the Symon's raingauge'.  Working: A Symons Rain gauge consists of a cylindrical vessel of 127 mm internal diameter with an enlarged ... rim which is then measured by the measuring glass in mm' and tenth of mm'

Description : What are offsets? How are they taken and recorded? Explain with sketch.

Last Answer : Offsets are lateral measurement to the base line. They are Located by judgment if short And by instruments (optical square or cross staff) if long and measured by metallic tape and shown with their chainages on base line

Description : Draw a sketch and explain how to find height of chajja or slab using dumpy level.

Last Answer : Explanation : 1. First the back sight reading is taken on floor level whose RL is known to us; from which RL of instrument axis can be find out by adding RL of BM and BS reading. 2. Now ... staff reading. 4. Finally height of chajja is calculated as RL of slab bottom -  RL of floor top.

Description : Draw sketch and explain method of traversing of plane table surveying. 

Last Answer : Procedure: 1.Set plane table over station A use plumbing fork for transferring station point from ground on sheet. Draw the direction of magnetic meridian with the help of compass. 2. With the ... scale Similarly, the table can be set at other successive station and traverse is completed.

Description : Draw the sketch of chain triangulation and label different lines.

Last Answer : AB – Base line AC, CD, DE, AE, EB - main survey lines DD’ – Check line. ab – Tie line.

Description : Draw labeled sketch of prismatic compass.

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass :

Description : Draw sketch of optical square and state its principle.

Last Answer : The optical square is an instrument used to set perpendicular offset on the chain line. The optical square works on the principle of optics. Principle of optical square: The angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is twice the angle between mirrors.