Draw a neat sketch of an arrow with dimensions.

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 neat sketch of an arrow with dimensions

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Description : Draw a neat lebelled sketch of optical square. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Working of optical square1. Optical square works on principle of optical square to set perpendicular offset 2. Keep ranging rods at point B and C as shown in fig. 3. Observe the ... matched each other point D can be marked on ground and distance CD is measured as perpendicular offset.

Description : Draw a neat labeled sketch of 30m chain.

Last Answer : neat labeled sketch of 30m chain

Description : Draw a neat sketch of optical square. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Optical Square: Working: The optical square consists of circular box 50 mm in diameter, 12.5 mm in depth. The box has three slits as A,B, and C. bb' is horizon glass, half silvered i.e ... the point on the chain line where the offset can be dropped to meet point J as shown in fig.  

Description : Draw a neat sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Description : Describe with neat sketch, the optical square and explain its principle.

Last Answer : Principal of optical square :- the angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors OR If there are two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces ... is 450 while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 900 .  

Description : Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : This method is used when all the points to be plotted are visible from single instrument station. Steps are: 1. Select a suitable point P on the ground such that all the details are visible from it. 2. Center and ... , pc, pd, pe respectively. Join a, b, c, d, and e to give the outline.

Description : Explain dip of magnetic needle with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : i) The inclination of the magnetic needle with the horizontal is called as magnetic dip of the needle. ii) Ordinary needle if perfectly balanced on pivot, remains in horizontal position. But when the needle ... sliding weight is attached on the side of the needle which is at higher position.  

Description : Explain reciprocal ranging with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Reciprocal ranging is done when ends of survey line are not intervisible due to hill intervening or ends of survey line are at far distance apart. Step wise procedure reciprocal ranging: 1. Let A and B be ... chained. 8. This method can also be used in ranging a line across a valley.  

Description : Define base line and check line with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1)Base Line : The longest line running roughly through the middle of the area to be surveyed is known as base line 2) Check line: The line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed point on the ... A line joining some fixed point on any two sides of a triangle is known as check line. 

Description : Explain the procedure for profile leveling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1) Let PQR be the given line of section.   2) Mark point at 10 m intervals on this line. 3) Level is set up on a firm ground at a suitable point I1. 4) Temporary adjustment of level is done and B. ... and set up on firm ground at I2 as before. 10) B.S is taken on CP1 and new HI is calculated  

Description : Explain ‘Intersection Method’ of plane table surveying with neat sketch. Also give situation when intersection method is used.

Last Answer : 1. Lay out a base line AB and measure it and Plot a distance ab' on sheet using any scale. 2.Set up instrument at A' with a' over A' 3.Orient the table by placing alidade ... the case of the survey of mountainous country. 5. The only linear measurement required is that of a base line.

Description : Explain Fly Levelling with neat sketch. State situation under which fly levelling is needed.

Last Answer : Ans: When DifferentialLevelling is done in order to connect a bench mark to the starting point of the alignment of any project, it is called as fly levelling. Fly levelling is also done to connect ...  ii)if distance is more between two points.  iii)if there obstacles between the two points.  

Description : Explain indirect ranging with neat sketch

Last Answer : Step wise procedure indirect ranging i.e. reciprocal ranging- Let A and B be the two station with rising ground or a hill intervening between them even i)Select any two intermediate station say M1 and N1 ... there position will be changed until finally they are both on the line A B exactly.  

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Description : Explain with neat sketch the procedure of radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : 1. The table is set at suitable station e.g. P from where all stations can be sighted and measured. 2. After centering and leveling, mark station P as P' on sheet. 3. Suppose stations A, B, C, and D are ... marked as pa. 5. Similarly station B, C and D are bisected and marked as b, c and d.

Description : Explain with neat sketch graphical adjustment of closing error.

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Plot the traverse e.g. A'BCDEA to suitable scale and obtain magnitude and direction of closing error. 2. Draw a straight line A'BCDEA to some suitable scale representing the ... plotted points and locate new position of station points to give correct traverse A'B'C'D'E'A'.

Description : With neat sketch, explain the included angle method of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : 1. Calculate all included angles of the traverse from observed bearings of the lines. e.g. <A, <B, <C, <D, <E  2. Check sum of included angles as equal to ( ... coincide with starting station (in case of closed traverse). If there is closing error, it needs to be corrected. 

Description : With neat sketch, write the procedure of measurement of fore bearing with compass.

Last Answer : For measuring fore bearing of line AB, i) Place the compass over station A, center and level it.  ii) Looking through eye slit towards object vane, bisect the ranging rod at station ... which coincides with horse hair at observer end. The observed reading is the fore bearing of line AB

Description : Explain with neat sketch the procedure of reciprocal ranging.

Last Answer : Reciprocal ranging / Indirect ranging Procedure: Let A and B be two survey stations. They are not mutually visible due to high ground between them. Let two assistant stands at M1 and N1 as ... and N1 which are nearer to line AB. Repeat same process until points M and N are established. 

Description : Explain with neat sketch method of stepping of chaining on sloping ground.

Last Answer : Procedure : To measure the horizontal distance between points A & B on sloping ground following steps should be followed ( Refer above figure.) 1. Starting from point A, the chain is unfolded and ... . Finally calculate total chained distance as d(AB) = d(AP1) + d(P2P3) + d(P4P5)

Description : Explain principle of optical square with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Principle of optical square :- The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors In the case of optical square the angle between the mirrors is 45° while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 90°.  

Description : Explain the process of chaining on sloping ground by stepping method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : The procedure to measure horizontal distance between the points A and B on sloping ground is as follows. 1. Two persons-leader and follower are required for chaining. 2. The follower holds the end of chain at A. The leader goes ... between A and b L = AM, + MN' + NO' + OP' + PQ' + QB'

Description : Explain reciprocal levelling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Reciprocal levelling is adopted i) To find the difference in level accurately Between the two points considerably apart. ii) When it is not possible to set up the level in between the two points ... true difference is equal to the mean of the two apparent differences of level between A and B 

Description : Differentiate between simple levelling and differential levelling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : S.N Simple Levelling Differential levelling 1 Instrument is not shifted till the end of survey work.  Instrument is shifted as per requirements. 2 In this difference in elevation between ... elevation between two points is more or any obstacle between them. 4

Description : Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) Base line ii) Check line

Last Answer : i) Base line:  Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle. 

Description : Draw a sketch and explain how to find height of chajja or slab using dumpy level.

Last Answer : Explanation : 1. First the back sight reading is taken on floor level whose RL is known to us; from which RL of instrument axis can be find out by adding RL of BM and BS reading. 2. Now ... staff reading. 4. Finally height of chajja is calculated as RL of slab bottom -  RL of floor top.

Description : Draw sketch and explain method of traversing of plane table surveying. 

Last Answer : Procedure: 1.Set plane table over station A use plumbing fork for transferring station point from ground on sheet. Draw the direction of magnetic meridian with the help of compass. 2. With the ... scale Similarly, the table can be set at other successive station and traverse is completed.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

Description : Draw the sketch of chain triangulation and label different lines.

Last Answer : AB – Base line AC, CD, DE, AE, EB - main survey lines DD’ – Check line. ab – Tie line.

Description : Draw labeled sketch of prismatic compass.

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass :

Description : Draw sketch of optical square and state its principle.

Last Answer : The optical square is an instrument used to set perpendicular offset on the chain line. The optical square works on the principle of optics. Principle of optical square: The angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is twice the angle between mirrors.

Description : State the use of following- 1. Arrow 2. Wooden peg

Last Answer : 1. Arrow Arrows are used for counting the number of chains while measuring a chain line. 2. Wooden peg Pegs are used for fixing the instrument station on the ground permanent marking

Description : What are offsets? How are they taken and recorded? Explain with sketch.

Last Answer : Offsets are lateral measurement to the base line. They are Located by judgment if short And by instruments (optical square or cross staff) if long and measured by metallic tape and shown with their chainages on base line

Description : Explain Direct method of chaining on sloping ground with neat skeetch. 

Last Answer : While chaining on sloping ground, the horizontal distances can be computed by direct method i.e. By stepping. By stepping: It consist in measuring the distance in small horizontal lengths (e.g.L1). Let ... is continued in the correct line with point B. Then length of line AB=L1 +L2 +L3+L4

Description : Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Last Answer : Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Description : Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Last Answer : conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Description : Draw a "well labelled diagram of 30 m metric chain & state the function of swivel joint & oval rings.

Last Answer : Swivel joint: To turn the handle without twisting the chain. Oval ring: To provide flexibility and fold the chain.

Description : Draw neat sketches of: (i) Conventional bricks and (ii) Standard bricks showing all the dimensions

Last Answer : i) Conventional brick.   ii) Standard brick.

Description : Draw a neat sketch and explain the use of CT and PT for measurement of power in a single-phase circuit?

Last Answer : If wattmeter of proper range is not available or if voltage and current ranges are high we can usr CT and PT of suitable ratio. Connect the CT and PT as shown in figure. The reading of wattmeter can be multiplied by the ratio to get the actual power.   

Description : Draw a neat sketch of Electro-dialysis.

Last Answer : Electro- dialysis:

Description : Draw a neat sketch of cross-section of an exogenous tree and label the parts. 

Last Answer : Cross-section of an exogenous tree:

Description : Draw neat labeled sketch of ply press.

Last Answer : sketch of ply press

Description : Draw the neat sketch of overhead valve operating mechanism and explain its working.

Last Answer : Overhead valve mechanism: Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the push ... close. A spring (attached to the valve) returns the valve to its seated position.   

Description : Draw neat sketch of valve timing diagram for 4-stroke petrol engine & label it.

Last Answer : Figure: Valve timing diagram of 4 stroke SI engine  

Description : (i) state any two applications of I. C. Engine (ii) Draw a neat sketch of Two stroke petrol engine.

Last Answer : Applications of I.C engine 1) In Automotive - i) Two stroke engine - Mopeds, Scooters. ii) Four stroke engine - Light vehicles, Heavy vehicles. 2) Marine Application - Ships, Boat 3) Locomotive s - ... handling system  (ii) Draw a neat sketch of Two stroke petrol engine. OR

Description : Draw neat sketch of pre-combustion chamber and name its parts.

Last Answer : Fig. Pre-combustion chamber

Description : Draw neat sketch to show TBI system of SI engine and name its parts.

Last Answer : Draw neat sketch to show TBI system of SI engine and name its parts.

Description : State the different types of SI engine combustion chambers. Draw a neat sketch of any one.

Last Answer : 1) T Head Type Combustion chambers 2) L Head Type Combustion chambers 3) F- Head combustion chamber 4) Over head valve or I head combustion chamber 5) Hemispherical combustion chamber 6) Bathtub ... - Head combustion chamber 4) Over head valve or I head combustion chamber

Description : Draw neat sketch of swirl type combustion chamber of IDI engine.

Last Answer : Fig. swirl type combustion chamber of IDI engine.

Description : Define folds and draw neat sketch of a fold and label its different parts. 

Last Answer : Fold: Folds may be defined as undulations or bends that are developed in the rock of the Earth’s crust, as a result of stresses (commonly lateral compression) To which these rocks have been subjected to, from time to time in the past history of the Earth.