Ans: 1. Law of Segregation: This law shows that the two alleles of a gene when present together in a heterozygous state, do not fuse of blend in any way, but remain distinct and segregate during meiosis or in the formation of gametes. Due to this each meiotic product of F1 hybrid or gamete will carry only one the alleles. Segregation of genes is seen in all sexually reproducing organisms.
2. Law of Independent Assortment: Base on the results of dihybrid cross in pea plant, Mendel proposed this law. It indicates that when the plants differ from each other in two or more pairs of contrasting characters or factors, then the inheritance of one pair of factors is independent to that of other pair of factors.