Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme occurs on hydrolysis of the inhibitor by the same enzyme molecule in case of the following anticholinesterase: A. Edrophonium B. Neostigmine C. Dyflos D. Tacrine

Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme occurs on hydrolysis of the inhibitor by the same enzyme molecule in case of the following anticholinesterase: A. Edrophonium B. Neostigmine C. Dyflos D. Tacrine
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B. Neostigmine
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Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme occurs on hydrolysis of the inhibitor by the same enzyme molecule in case of the following anticholinesterase: A. Edrophonium B. Neostigmine C. Dyflos D. Tacrine

Description : Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme occurs on hydrolysis of the inhibitor by the same enzyme molecule in case of the following anticholinesterase: A. Edrophonium B. Neostigmine C. Dyflos D. Tacrine

Last Answer : B. Neostigmine

The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme: A. Neostigmine B. Physostigmine C. Edrophonium D. Dyflos

Description : The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme: A. Neostigmine B. Physostigmine C. Edrophonium D. Dyflos

Last Answer : C. Edrophonium

The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme: A. Neostigmine B. Physostigmine C. Edrophonium D. Dyflos

Description : The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme: A. Neostigmine B. Physostigmine C. Edrophonium D. Dyflos

Last Answer : C. Edrophonium

The anticholinesterase action of edrophonium is short lasting because termination of its action depends on: A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme B. Hydrolysis of the drug by the enzyme C. Synthesis of fresh enzyme molecules D. A combination of the above three processes

Description : The anticholinesterase action of edrophonium is short lasting because termination of its action depends on: A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme B. Hydrolysis of the drug by the enzyme C. Synthesis of fresh enzyme molecules D. A combination of the above three processes

Last Answer : A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme

Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its: A. Shorter duration of action B. Longer duration of action C. Direct action on muscle end-plate D. Selective inhibition of true cholinesterase

Description : Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its: A. Shorter duration of action B. Longer duration of action C. Direct action on muscle end-plate D. Selective inhibition of true cholinesterase

Last Answer : A. Shorter duration of action

The anticholinesterase action of edrophonium is short lasting because termination of its action depends on: A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme B. Hydrolysis of the drug by the enzyme C. Synthesis of fresh enzyme molecules D. A combination of the above three processes

Description : The anticholinesterase action of edrophonium is short lasting because termination of its action depends on: A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme B. Hydrolysis of the drug by the enzyme C. Synthesis of fresh enzyme molecules D. A combination of the above three processes

Last Answer : A. Dissociation and diffusion of the drug from the enzyme

The organophosphates produce irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase because: A. They bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme resulting in unfavourable conformation of esteratic site to bind acetylcholine B. Regeneration time of the phosphorylated enzyme is longer than the turnover time of the enzyme molecules C. Phosphorylation results in rapid degradation of enzyme molecules D. They are neither metabolized nor excreted from the body

Description : The organophosphates produce irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase because: A. They bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme resulting in unfavourable conformation of esteratic site to bind ... degradation of enzyme molecules D. They are neither metabolized nor excreted from the body

Last Answer : B. Regeneration time of the phosphorylated enzyme is longer than the turnover time of the enzyme molecules

Hepatotoxicity has markedly restricted use of the following cerebroselective anticholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease: A. Rivastigmine B. Tacrine C. Galantamine D. Donepezil

Description : Hepatotoxicity has markedly restricted use of the following cerebroselective anticholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease: A. Rivastigmine B. Tacrine C. Galantamine D. Donepezil

Last Answer : B. Tacrine

The following is a competitive type of enzyme inhibitor: A. Acetazolamide B. Disulfiram C. Physostigmine D. Theophylline

Description : The following is a competitive type of enzyme inhibitor: A. Acetazolamide B. Disulfiram C. Physostigmine D. Theophylline

Last Answer : C. Physostigmine

The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of acetylcholine released from motor nerve endings to a wider area activating neighbouring receptors C. Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Description : The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of ... Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Which of the following is a relatively cerebroselective anticholinesterase found to afford symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease: A. Donepezil B. Gemfibrozil C. Pyridostigmine D. Pyritinol

Description : Which of the following is a relatively cerebroselective anticholinesterase found to afford symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease: A. Donepezil B. Gemfibrozil C. Pyridostigmine D. Pyritinol

Last Answer : A. Donepezil

Pyridostigmine differs from neostigmine in that: A. It is more potent orally B. It is longer acting C. It produces less muscarinic side effects D. It does not have any direct action on NM receptors

Description : Pyridostigmine differs from neostigmine in that: A. It is more potent orally B. It is longer acting C. It produces less muscarinic side effects D. It does not have any direct action on NM receptors

Last Answer : B. It is longer acting

Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because: A. It is better absorbed orally B. It has longer duration of action C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate D. It penetrates blood-brain barrier

Description : Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because: A. It is better absorbed orally B. It has longer duration of action C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate D. It penetrates blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate

Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its: A. Shorter duration of action B. Longer duration of action C. Direct action on muscle end-plate D. Selective inhibition of true cholinesterase

Description : Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its: A. Shorter duration of action B. Longer duration of action C. Direct action on muscle end-plate D. Selective inhibition of true cholinesterase

Last Answer : A. Shorter duration of action

Select the correct statement abut donepezil: A. It is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in glaucoma B. It is a catechol-'O'-methyl transferase inhibitor used as adjuvant in parkinson's disease C. It is a cerebroselective anticholinesterase that affords symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease D. It is a synthetic cannabinoid with antiemetic property

Description : Select the correct statement abut donepezil: A. It is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in glaucoma B. It is a catechol-'O'-methyl transferase inhibitor used as adjuvant in ... affords symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease D. It is a synthetic cannabinoid with antiemetic property

Last Answer : C. It is a cerebroselective anticholinesterase that affords symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's diseas

Physostigmine is a competitive inhibitor of (A) Xanthine oxidase (B) Cholinesterase (C) Carbonic anhydrase (D) Monoamine oxidase

Description : Physostigmine is a competitive inhibitor of (A) Xanthine oxidase (B) Cholinesterase (C) Carbonic anhydrase (D) Monoamine oxidase

Last Answer : Answer : B

Agonists affect the receptor molecule in the following manner: A. Alter its amino acid sequence B. Denature the receptor protein C. Alter its folding or alignment of subunits D. Induce covalent bond formation

Description : Agonists affect the receptor molecule in the following manner: A. Alter its amino acid sequence B. Denature the receptor protein C. Alter its folding or alignment of subunits D. Induce covalent bond formation

Last Answer : C. Alter its folding or alignment of subunits

Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes involves: A. A conformational change in the enzyme protein to favour binding of substrate molecules B. Expression of enzyme molecules on the surface of hepatocytes C. Enhanced transport of substrate molecules into hepatocytes D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Description : Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes involves: A. A conformational change in the enzyme protein to favour binding of substrate molecules B. Expression of enzyme molecules on the surface of ... C. Enhanced transport of substrate molecules into hepatocytes D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Last Answer : D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body: A. Atropine B. Allopurinol C. Levodopa D. Metoclopramide

Description : Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body: A. Atropine B. Allopurinol C. Levodopa D. Metoclopramide

Last Answer : B. Allopurinol

Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes involves: A. A conformational change in the enzyme protein to favour binding of substrate molecules B. Expression of enzyme molecules on the surface of hepatocytes C. Enhanced transport of substrate molecules into hepatocytes D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Description : Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes involves: A. A conformational change in the enzyme protein to favour binding of substrate molecules B. Expression of enzyme molecules on the surface of ... C. Enhanced transport of substrate molecules into hepatocytes D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Last Answer : D. Increased synthesis of enzyme protein

Microsomal enzyme induction can be a cause of: A. Tolerance B. Physical dependence C. Psychological dependence D. Idiosyncrasy

Description : Microsomal enzyme induction can be a cause of: A. Tolerance B. Physical dependence C. Psychological dependence D. Idiosyncrasy

Last Answer : A. Tolerance

Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (a) The competitive inhibitor does not affect the rate of breakdown of the enzyme-substrate complex. (b) The presence of the competitive inhibitor decreases the Km of the enzyme for the substrate. (c) A competitive inhibitor reacts reversibly with the enzyme to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex. (d) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor molecule is not chemically changed by the enzyme.

Description : Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (a) The competitive inhibitor does not affect the rate of breakdown of the enzyme-substrate complex. (b) The presence of the competitive inhibitor ... . (d) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor molecule is not chemically changed by the enzyme.

Last Answer : (b) The presence of the competitive inhibitor decreases the Km of the enzyme for the substrate

A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that: A. It is not a pharmacological effect of the drug B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication C. It must involve drug induced cellular injury D. It involves host defence mechanisms

Description : A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that: A. It is not a pharmacological effect of the drug B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication C. It must involve drug induced cellular injury D. It involves host defence mechanisms

Last Answer : B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication

An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Description : An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Last Answer : A. Side effect

Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an ‘all or none’ action on a receptor C. Receptor and drugs acting on it have rigid complementary ‘lock and key’ structural features D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

Description : Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an all or none' action on a ... lock and key' structural features D. Properties of affinity' and intrinsic activity' are independently variable

Last Answer : D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that: A. It is not a pharmacological effect of the drug B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication C. It must involve drug induced cellular injury D. It involves host defence mechanisms

Description : A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that: A. It is not a pharmacological effect of the drug B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication C. It must involve drug induced cellular injury D. It involves host defence mechanisms

Last Answer : B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication

An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Description : An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Last Answer : A. Side effect

Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an ‘all or none’ action on a receptor C. Receptor and drugs acting on it have rigid complementary ‘lock and key’ structural features D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

Description : Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an all or none' action on a ... lock and key' structural features D. Properties of affinity' and intrinsic activity' are independently variable

Last Answer : D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

The most appropriate route of administration for adrenaline in a case of anaphylactic shock is: A. Intracardiac B. Intravenous C. Intramuscular D. Subcutaneous

Description : The most appropriate route of administration for adrenaline in a case of anaphylactic shock is: A. Intracardiac B. Intravenous C. Intramuscular D. Subcutaneous

Last Answer : A. Intracardiac

Which of the following is the only life saving measure in case of anaphylactic shock: A. Intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate B. Intravenous chlorpheniramine maleate C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride D. Intravenous glucose-saline

Description : Which of the following is the only life saving measure in case of anaphylactic shock: A. Intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate B. Intravenous chlorpheniramine maleate C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride D. Intravenous glucose-saline

Last Answer : C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride

Which of the following is the only life saving measure in case of anaphylactic shock: A. Intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate B. Intravenous chlorpheniramine maleate C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride D. Intravenous glucose-saline

Description : Which of the following is the only life saving measure in case of anaphylactic shock: A. Intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate B. Intravenous chlorpheniramine maleate C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride D. Intravenous glucose-saline

Last Answer : C. Intramuscular adrenaline hydrochloride

Platelets contain an enzyme which has important role in clotting in blood. This enzyme is known as (A) Cholinesterase (B) Transaminase (C) Decarboxylase (D) Thrombokinase

Description : Platelets contain an enzyme which has important role in clotting in blood. This enzyme is known as (A) Cholinesterase (B) Transaminase (C) Decarboxylase (D) Thrombokinase

Last Answer : Answer : D

Following enzyme is involved in the synthesis of actylcholine (a) Choline acetyl transferase (b) Acetyl cholinesterase (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Description : Following enzyme is involved in the synthesis of actylcholine (a) Choline acetyl transferase (b) Acetyl cholinesterase (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

Pralidoxime can reactivate cholinesterase enzyme that has been inactivated by: A. Carbamate anticholinesterases B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases C. Both carbamate and organophosphate anticholinesterases D. Reversible anticholinesterases

Description : Pralidoxime can reactivate cholinesterase enzyme that has been inactivated by: A. Carbamate anticholinesterases B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases C. Both carbamate and organophosphate anticholinesterases D. Reversible anticholinesterases

Last Answer : B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases

The organophosphates produce irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase because: A. They bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme resulting in unfavourable conformation of esteratic site to bind acetylcholine B. Regeneration time of the phosphorylated enzyme is longer than the turnover time of the enzyme molecules C. Phosphorylation results in rapid degradation of enzyme molecules D. They are neither metabolized nor excreted from the body

Description : The organophosphates produce irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase because: A. They bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme resulting in unfavourable conformation of esteratic site to bind ... degradation of enzyme molecules D. They are neither metabolized nor excreted from the body

Last Answer : B. Regeneration time of the phosphorylated enzyme is longer than the turnover time of the enzyme molecules

Pralidoxime can reactivate cholinesterase enzyme that has been inactivated by: A. Carbamate anticholinesterases B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases C. Both carbamate and organophosphate anticholinesterases D. Reversible anticholinesterases

Description : Pralidoxime can reactivate cholinesterase enzyme that has been inactivated by: A. Carbamate anticholinesterases B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases C. Both carbamate and organophosphate anticholinesterases D. Reversible anticholinesterases

Last Answer : B. Organophosphate anticholinesterases

A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse is 120/min, low volume, BP 90/60 mm Hg, respiration shallow, pupil constricted, muscles flabby with occasional fasciculations. Which is the most likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT

Description : A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse ... likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT

Last Answer : C. Anticholinesterase

A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse is 120/min, low volume, BP 90/60 mm Hg, respiration shallow, pupil constricted, muscles flabby with occasional fasciculations. Which is the most likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT)

Description : A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse ... likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT)

Last Answer : C. Anticholinesterase

In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Description : In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Last Answer : C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally

Which of the following is always true: A. A more potent drug is more efficacious B. A more potent drug is safer C. A more potent drug is clinically superior D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

Description : Which of the following is always true: A. A more potent drug is more efficacious B. A more potent drug is safer C. A more potent drug is clinically superior D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

Last Answer : D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Description : When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Last Answer : B. 4–5 half lives

In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Description : In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Last Answer : C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally

Fixed dose combination formulations are not necessarily appropriate for: A. Drugs administered in standard doses B. Drugs acting by the same mechanism C. Antitubercular drugs D. Antihypertensive drugs

Description : Fixed dose combination formulations are not necessarily appropriate for: A. Drugs administered in standard doses B. Drugs acting by the same mechanism C. Antitubercular drugs D. Antihypertensive drugs

Last Answer : B. Drugs acting by the same mechanism

Which of the following is always true: A. A more potent drug is more efficacious B. A more potent drug is safer C. A more potent drug is clinically superior D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

Description : Which of the following is always true: A. A more potent drug is more efficacious B. A more potent drug is safer C. A more potent drug is clinically superior D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

Last Answer : D. A more potent drug can produce the same response at lower doses

When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Description : When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Last Answer : B. 4–5 half lives

Pupil dilatation occurs with: a. neostigmine b. cocaine c. atenolol d. codeine

Description : Pupil dilatation occurs with: a. neostigmine b. cocaine c. atenolol d. codeine

Last Answer : cocaine

Reactivation of inactive liver phosphorylase is normally favoured by (A) Insulin (B) Epinephrine (C) ACTH (D) Glucagon

Description : Reactivation of inactive liver phosphorylase is normally favoured by (A) Insulin (B) Epinephrine (C) ACTH (D) Glucagon

Last Answer : D

The nurse teaches the patient who demonstrates herpes zoster (shingles) that a) the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It is assumed that herpes zoster represents a reactivation of latent varicella (chickenpox) virus and reflects lowered immunity.

Description : The nurse teaches the patient who demonstrates herpes zoster (shingles) that a) the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It is assumed that herpes zoster represents a ... is arrested if oral antiviral agents are administered within 24 hours of the initial eruption.

Last Answer : a) the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It is assumed that herpes zoster represents a reactivation of latent varicella (chickenpox) virus and reflects lowered immunity.

Which phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness is characterized by reactivation of the illness? a) Unstable The unstable phase is characterized by development of complications or reactivation of the illness. b) Stable The stable phase indicates that the symptoms and disability are under control or managed. c) Acute The acute phase is characterized by sudden onset of severe or unrelieved symptoms or complications that may necessitate hospitalization for their management. d) Comeback The comeback phase is the period in the trajectory marked by recovery after an acute period.

Description : Which phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness is characterized by reactivation of the illness? a) Unstable The unstable phase is characterized by development of complications or reactivation of the ... comeback phase is the period in the trajectory marked by recovery after an acute period.

Last Answer : a) Unstable The unstable phase is characterized by development of complications or reactivation of the illness.