Differentiate between Organised and unorganised crude drug.

1 Answer

Answer :

Organized crude drug
Unorganized crude drug 
1. It is obtained from definite anatomic parts of the plants such as flowers, leaves, fruits etc.
1. It is obtained from plants or animals by means of physical process such as drying, incision, extraction such as juices, resins.
2. It is made up of definite tissue and cell.
2. It does not have cellular structure.
3. It is solid in nature
3. It is solid, semi-solid and liquid in nature.
4. Microscopical characters are used for identification.
4. Chemical tests and physical standards are used for identification.
5.Botanical and zoological terminology can be used to describe the drug
5. Botanical and zoological terminology is inadequate. To describe these drugs, physical characters such as solubility, optical rotation, refractive index are used. 
6.Ex. Coriander , fennel, datura, etc
6. Ex. Aloe , bees wax, tragacanth, asafoetida etc.

Related questions

Description : Explain chemical method of classification of crude drug with its merit and demerits. 

Last Answer : Chemical method of classification of crude drug: This type of classification is based on type of chemicals present in the drugs. Class Examples ... two or more active chemical constituents 2. The drugs from various sources are grouped together.

Description : Mention synonym of the following crude drug

Last Answer : i) Asafoetida :Hing/ gum Asafoetida ( any one ) ii) Liquorice: Mulethi/ Liquorice root / Glycyrrhiza ( any one ) iii) Aconite: Bachnag/Monkshood/ mithazahar/ Mouse bane /Wolf’s bane/ Friar’s cowl/Radix aconite ( any one ) iv) Tulsi : Holy basil/ sacred basil ( any one )

Description : Explain the chemical tests of any FOUR crude drugs.

Last Answer : Silk :   1) Silk is soluble in cuoxam, sulphuric acid (66%) and concentrated hydrochloric acid. 2) Silk does not contain sulphur containing amino acids hence the test with lead acetate & KOH solution ... ash.) 5) With N/50 iodine solution followed by 8% sulphuric acid , it gives yellow colour.

Description : Write any two examples of drug belonging to following family-

Last Answer : (i) Rubiaceae – Cinchona,Ipecac (ii) Apocynaceae – Vinca , Rauwolfia (iii) Burseraceae – Guggul , Myrrh (iv) Liliaceae - Aloe , Colchicum , Garlic , Shatavari

Description : Define “Drug Adulteration”. Describe any four methods of adulteration with suitable examples.

Last Answer : Definition: Adulteration is the debasement of an article. Methods of Adulteration : 1. Replacement by exhausted drugs Ex. a).Exhausted saffron is coloured artificially  b)Exhausted Ginger is mixed with starch ... .  c) White oil in oil of Coconut.  d) Stearin or paraffin in cocoa butter.

Description : Write the chemical constituents and uses of the following drug-

Last Answer : i) Cinchona: Chemical constituents: Cinchona contains about 25 alkaloids in the range of 5 to 10%.. Out of 25 alkaloids , only four are therapeutically important and are named as quinine, quinidine, ... in B.P., diuretic, anti-inflammatory activity due to presence of oxazolidone.

Description : Write the name of the drug which has following use:

Last Answer : i) Galactogogue - Shatavari ii) Dental analgesic -Clove iii) Diuretics-Gokhru / Punarnava iv) Brain tonic – Shankhpushpi

Description : Name the drug having following microscopical characters

Last Answer : i) Lignified trichome: Nux vomica ii) Fibrovascular bundle: Ginger iii) Paracytic stomata: Senna

Description : Give the name of the drug which passes the following chemical test.

Last Answer : i) Vitali morin test - Datura ii) Swelling factor test: Ispagol iii) Modified brontrager’s test: Aloe iv) Fiehe’s test : Honey

Description : Differentiate between maceration process for organised drugs and maceration for unorganised drugs.

Last Answer : Sr. No. Organised Drugs  Unorganised drugs. 1 Drug along with whole menstrum is used in maceration process Drug along with 4/5th of menstrum is used in maceration process  2 The ... made by this process are: a. Tincture of Tolu b. Tincture of Myrrh c. Tincture of Benzoin

Description : Define Enzymes. Write biological source, chemical constituents and uses of Papaya. 

Last Answer : Enzymes- Enzymes are the protein substances which act as catalysts in various biochemical reactions Papaya: Biological source: It consist of dried latex obtained by giving incision on unripen fruit of Carica ... skins and hides. 6. It is used in cheese manufacturing ,as a substitute of rennin.

Description : Name the adulterants and substitute of - i) Nux- Vomica 

Last Answer : i) Nux- Vomica Adulterants:   1) Strychnos nuxblanda  2) Strychnos potatorum Substituents:( 1 mark) 1) Strychnos wallichiana 2) Strychnos ignatii ii) Digitalis Adulterants:  1) Verbascum ... 1) Digitalis lanata 2) Digitalis lutea or straw foxglove 3) Digitalis thapsi or Spanish foxglove

Description : Write the biological source, chemical constituents and uses of Garlic

Last Answer : Biological source: It consist of bulbs of the plant Allium sativum, Family: Liliaceae  Chemical constituents: Garlic bulbs contain 29%carbohydrates, 56%proteins (albumin), fat, mucilage and ... in high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. It is reported to possess cholesterol suppressing properties.

Description : Describe the method of preparation of fibre obtained from plant source.

Last Answer : The fibre obtained from plant source is Cotton Fruits (capsules) are 3-5 celled,, which contain numerous seeds. Seeds covered with hair, known as Balls. Balls are collected, dried & ... . Again washed, dried & make a flat sheet .Finally packed in paper wrappers & sterilized.  

Description : Define the following with example.

Last Answer : i)Oxytocics: These are the drugs which have stimulant effect on the motility of the uterus.  OR An agent that causes expulsion of the contents of uterus by contracting the uterine muscles. Example- Ergot ... smooth muscles. Example: Black catechu , pale catechu , Amla ,Clove ,Cinnamon ( any 1 )

Description : Explain the general chemical test for the identification of alkaloids

Last Answer : Identification tests for alkaloids by precipitation method: 1. Mayer's Reagent (Potassium mercuric iodide)  Cream or pale yellow ppt. 2. Dragendorff's Reagent (Potassium bismuth iodide)  Brown or ... ppt. 4. Hager's Reagent (Saturated solution of picric acid)  Yellow ppt.

Description :  Define bark. Describe the methods of collection of bark.

Last Answer : Bark: The secondary external tissues lying outside the cambium in stem or root of dicotyledonous plants are known as the bark. Methods of collection: 1.Felling method: The tree is cut at ... develop further yielding aerial parts. These new parts are cut off and bark is collected from shoots.

Description : Explain with example of the following i) Latex ii) Condensed tannin iii) Characteristics of umbelliferous fruit

Last Answer : i) Latex: The latex is a product contained in special secretory tissues of certain plants. It is usually, a white aqueous suspension, wherein microscopically small particles of oil globules are ...  2. Endosperm 9. All umbelliferous fruits contain Volatile oil. Example-Fennel, Coriander, Ajowan 

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of T. S. of cinnamon bark and describe any four microscopical characters.

Last Answer : Microscopy: 1. Pericyclic fibre: Small group of about 6 to 15 pericyclic lignified fibres 2. Sclerides: 3 to4 layers of pitted sclerides, thickened lignified walls, isodiametric ... identified after staining with rheuthenium red 7. Oil cells: Big& isolated

Description : Describe the different techniques( any three) for isolation of volatile oils.

Last Answer : Methods of isolation of volatile oil: A) Distillation : Most of the oils are obtained by distillation which are of following 3 types 1.Water distillation -is mostly applicable to such plant ... exhausted petals are replaced by fresh petals and then the oil is collected from the fatty material.

Description : Write method of cultivation and collection of ‘Rauwolfia’.

Last Answer : Cultivation: Loamy soil with large amount of humus and good drainage are ideal for cultivation of Rauwolfia. The PH of the soil should be acidic and around 4. The temperature range for cultivation ... . Care is taken to keep the root bark intact as the bark has higher alkaloidal content.

Description : Define Glycosides. Classify it on the basis of Glycosidic linkage with example.

Last Answer : Glycosides are organic compounds of plant and animal origin which yield on either acidic or enzymatic hydrolysis, one or more sugars and non-sugar residue. Classification on the basis of glycosidic ... ribose or deoxyribose and ultimately give N- glycosides form. e.g. Cinchona

Description : Write official requirements of surgical dressings.

Last Answer : Official requirements of surgical dressings are: ( any 4 requirements) 1. They should be sterile before use. 2. They should be stored in dry well ventilated place at a temperature not ... should not be allowed to freeze. 6. Permitted antiseptic should be used in prescribed concentration only.

Description : What is Garbling?

Last Answer : Garbling (Dressing): Garbling is the final step in the preparation of a drug which consists of the removal of extraneous matter, such as other parts of the plant, dirt, and added adulterants.

Description : Explain Galenical pharmacy. Who discovered it?

Last Answer : Galenical pharmacy: Various methods of preparation containing active constituents of crude drugs, and even at present the branch dealing with the extraction of plant and animal drugs is known as galenical pharmacy. Name of scientist : Galen ( A Greek physician)

Description : Write example of Pharmaceutical aid obtained from:

Last Answer : i) Animal source : Bees wax/ Lanolin (hydrous wool fat)/ Honey/ Gelatin ( any one ) ii) Mineral source : Kaolin / Talc/ Bentonite/ Chalk ( any one )

Description : State which part of the plant is used in case of

Last Answer : i) Belladona – Dried leaves and other aerial parts ii) Rauwolfia - Roots iii) Ipecac -Rhizomes and roots iv) Colchicum- Dried seeds / Corm

Description : Write the role of ‘Dioscoride’ and ‘Seydler’ in the development of Pharmacognosy.

Last Answer : Dioscoride: A Greek physician described several plants of medicinal importance along with some mineral and animal products in his famous drug treatise; De Materia Medica . Seydler : Seydler coined the term ... two Greek words viz, Pharmakon - a drug and gignosco - to acquire the knowledge of.

Description : Define the following i) Laxatives ii) Pharmacognosy iii) Balsam

Last Answer : i) Laxatives: Laxatives are the substances that loose stools and increase bowel movements. ii) Pharmacognosy: Pharmacognosy is defined as scientific and systematic study of physical, chemical, ... aromatic resinous substances of plant origin containing balsamic acids (benzoic and cinnamic acid).

Description : 16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors. -SST 10th

Last Answer : In the organised sector, the employees are given higher wages, medical facilities, a healthy working environment and their jobs are permanent. They are not liable to look for a new source of ... for extra time is given, no medical facilities are provided and the work environment is unhealthy.

Description : Distinguish between the organised and the unorganised sector. -SST 10th

Last Answer : Organised sector (i)The sector is registered by the government. (ii) The terms of employment are regular. (iii) The sector is governed by various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages ... This sector includes a large number of people who are employed on their own doing small jobs, etc.

Description : Explain the difference in employment condition in organised and unorganised sectors? -SST 10th

Last Answer : The differences in employment condition in organised and unorganised sectors:

Description : What type of employment does the given picture illustrate? (a) Government job (b) Organised sector (c) Unorganised sector(d) None of the above

Last Answer : (b) Organised sector

Description : Which is the most important sector provides most jobs to the people? (a) Primary sector (b) Unorganised sector (c) Organised sector (d) Public sector

Last Answer : (b) Unorganised sector

Description : Production of tractors, motor, engines and process equipment is domain of organised a) Unorganised sector b) rOrganised sector c) Both of the above d) None of above

Last Answer : Organised sector

Description : Differentiate between organised and unorganized sector. -SST 10th

Last Answer : Organized Sector : (i) It is the one where the terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. (ii) They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and ... as construction workers, maid, peons, small shopkeepers, etc., do not find any change in their life.

Description : Differentiate between crude literacy rate and literacy rate. -Geography

Last Answer : Crude Literacy Rate: Up to 1981 census, literacy rate was calculated by dividing literate persons by total population and multiplying by hundred. This was crude literacy rate' and was ... more meaningful, accurate in finding out the percentage of literate people than the crude literacy rate.

Description : 14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. -SST 10th

Last Answer : The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low ... . The biggest problem in working in this sector is that there is no job security.

Description : Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city? -Economics 10th

Last Answer : Place of WorkNature of EmploymentPercentage of working PeopleIn offices and factories registered with the governmentOrganised15Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal ... , domestic workersUnorganised20Working in small workshops usually not registered with the governmentUnorganised50

Description : Do you agree that agriculture is an activity of the unorganised sector in India. Give any four points. -SST 10th

Last Answer : Yes. Agriculture in India is an activity of the unorganised sector. (i) Most of the workers working in agriculture are ill paid. (ii) Agriculture sector faces the problem of under employment ... . (iv) Most of the farmers are dependent on moneylenders and relatives for their loan requirements.

Description : How can workers in the unorganised sector be protected ? Explain. -SST 10th

Last Answer : (i) Government can fix the minimum wages rate and working hours. (ii) Government can provide cheap loans to the self employed people. (iii) Government can provide cheap and affordable basic services ... frame new laws which can provide provision for overtime, paid leave, leave due to sickness, etc.

Description : Write two groups of people working in unorganised sector who are in need of protection. -SST 10th

Last Answer : (i) In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers and artisans (such as weavers, blacksmiths, ... Government can provide basic facilities like education, food, health at cheap and affordable rate.

Description : What is an unorganised sector ? Explain. -SST 10th

Last Answer : (i) An Unorganised Sector is a sector which is not registered by the government. (ii) The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. (iii) There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed.

Description : Who are the people that work in an unorganised sector ? -SST 10th

Last Answer : (i) In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers and artisans (such as weavers, blacksmiths, ... in unorganised sector belong to backward communities. (ii) These workers face social discrimination.

Description : How can workers be protected in the unorganised sector? -SST 10th

Last Answer : There is a need for protection and support of the workers in the unorganised sector. In rural areas: . In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural ... and support to the unorganised sector workers is thus, necessary for both economic and social development.

Description : What do you mean by ‘unorganised sector’? Give two disadvantages of the unorganised sector. -SST 10th

Last Answer : Unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. Two disadvantages: 1.Employment is not secure. 2.Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular and there is no provision for overtime, paid leaves, holidays, etc.

Description : Describe any three problems faced by workers in the unorganised sector. -SST 10th

Last Answer : The workers of unorganised sector face following problems :- (a) They are not paid according to government rules. They are underpaid. (b) They are not given other facilities like holidays, ... security. Workers are hired as and when needed and then asked to leave job without any compensation.

Description : Why is agriculture an activity of unorganised sector in India? -SST 10th

Last Answer : Agriculture is a sector which is not regulated by the government because land belongs to an individual. Hence farmer or whoever owns the land hires workers as and when required. So government cannot ... by small and marginal farmers. It is just not possible to put agriculture in organised sector.

Description : How can the workers in the unorganised sector be protected? Explain. -SST 10th

Last Answer : 'In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless labourers, small and marginal farmers, artisans, etc. These people need to be supported through adequate facility for timely ... body of rules and regulations need to be made to manage activities in the unorganised sector

Description : The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples. -SST 10th

Last Answer : In unorganised sectors workers are exploited by the private individuals because their aim is to earn more profit. They are not concerned with the safety and health of the employees. They also pay low ... the protection of their rights is necessary. They can take the help of labour laws and courts