i) Latex: The latex is a product contained in special secretory tissues of certain plants. It is usually, a white aqueous suspension, wherein microscopically small particles of oil globules are suspended. These natural suspension of milky consistency may contain proteins, sugars, minerals and alkaloidal salts in the true solution, whereas gums, starch and resins in the suspended form. e.g. Opium, Papain.
ii) Condensed tannin: These are the true tannins, which on acid or enzyme treatment get decomposed into red insoluble compounds known as phlobaphenes. On dry distillation, they yield catechol tannin.e.g. Pterocarpus (Kinotannic acid), Catechu (catechutannic acid) and Cinchona (cinchotannic acid)
iii) Characteristics of umbelliferous fruit
1. Schizocarp (splitting fruits)- Dry fruits from syncarpus ovary that splits at maturity into
two portions.
2. Mericarp- Each portion of Schizocarp (cremocarp) is called as mericarp.
3. Two mericarps are joined together by a thread like structure called as carpophore
4. Primary ridges are 5 or more runs from apex to base.
5. Each mericarp has a disc like structure at the apex called as stylopod.
6. Each mericarp has 2 surfaces i.e. a) Outer dorsal or curved surface
b) Inner ventral or commissural surface.
7. Each mericarp contains 6 vittae- 4 on dorsal surface and 2 on commissural surface.
8. Each mericarp contains a single seed. The seed contains- 1. An apex
2. Endosperm
9. All umbelliferous fruits contain Volatile oil.
Example-Fennel, Coriander, Ajowan