(a) (b) Two functions of stomata are: (i) Exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere takes place through stomata. (ii)Transpiration in plants takes place through stomata. (c) Opening and Closing of Stomatal Pore: The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells. The guard cells swell when water flows into them causing the stomatal pore to open. Similarly, the pore closes if the guard cells shrink. As large amount of water is lost through these stomata, the plant closes these pores when it does not require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.