Why do sine and cosine have values at 90° and 0°?

Why do sine and cosine have values at 90° and 0°?
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There is no premise that a trigonometric function can only be applied in a right triangle. How would it be possible to talk about trigonometric functions of angles greater than 180? Sine and cosine are simply the ratio of horizontal and vertical projections to the length of a segment making a specified angle with respect to a reference line. Since a segment with a 0 degree angle has no vertical projection, its cosine is zero. Similarly, for the sine of a 90 degree angle being 1.
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