During which stage of the immune response does the
circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to
the nearest lymph node?
a) Proliferation
Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the
resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and
proliferate.
b) Recognition
In the recognition stage, the immune system distinguishes an invader
as foreign, or non-self.
c) Response
In the response stage, the changed lymphocytes function either in a
humoral or cellular fashion.
d) Effector
In the effector stage, either the antibody of the humoral response or
the cytotoxic T cell of the cellular response reaches and couples with
the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.

1 Answer

Answer :

a) Proliferation
Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the
resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and
proliferate.

Related questions

Description : Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes ... blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.

Last Answer : a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens.

Description : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body. Reason `:` Ex

Last Answer : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the ... . If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Description : The following are true about lymphocytes: a. T cells account for 20% of the circulating lymphocytes b. in the spleen, B cells are found in the periarteriolar areas of white pulp c. in the ... paracortical area surrounding the germinal centres. d. B cells but not T cells express surface Ig G

Last Answer : in the lymph nodes, T cells occupy the paracortical area surrounding the germinal centres

Description : Which of the following responses identifies a role of T lymphocytes? a) Transplant rejection Transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease are cellular response roles of T cells. ... ) Bacterial phagocytosis and lysis Bacterial phagocytosis and lysis are humoral response roles of Blymphocytes.

Last Answer : a) Transplant rejection Transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease are cellular response roles of T cells.

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

Description : More than 500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3 indicates which stage of HIV infection? a) CDC category A - HIV asymptomatic More than 500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3 indicates CDC category A - HIV asymptomatic. b) ... CDC category C - AIDS Less than 200 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3 indicates CDC category C - AIDS.

Last Answer : a) CDC category A - HIV asymptomatic More than 500 CD4+ T lymphocytes/mm3 indicates CDC category A - HIV asymptomatic.

Description : Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I Column - II (A) Eosinophils (i) Immune response (B) Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis (C) Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (D) Lymphocytes (iv) ... (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

Last Answer : (a) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

Description : Tissue macrophages are derived from which one of the following? A. Resident activated fibroblasts B. Activated B lymphocytes C. Circulating monocytes D. Platelets

Last Answer : Platelets

Description : Frozen tissue section of a lymph node biopsy from the neck of an old dog shows granulomatous inflammation with large areas of necrosis. Which one would be most important to do? C A. cell surface markers for lymphocyte identification B. chromosomal analysis by karyotyping

Last Answer : cultures for acid fast bacilli and fungi

Description : Prophylaxis antibiotic for anthrax is given to people with symptoms who have been in a defined hot zone for a period of a) 60 days. Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should ... . Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should be given 60 days of prophylactic antibiotic

Last Answer : a) 60 days. Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should be given 60 days of prophylactic antibiotic. The aim of prophylaxis is to assure that if spores were ... of mediastinal lymph node involvement should be treated with intravenous antibiotics and respiratory support, if needed.

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

Description : The figure shows a human blood cell. Identify it and give its characteristics. Blood cell Characteristics (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response (b) B-lymphocyte Forms about 20% of ... Most abundant blood cells, phagocytic (d) Monocyte Lifespan of 3 days, produces antibodies

Last Answer : (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response

Description : The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the ... rate The amount of virus in circulation and the number of infected cells equals the rate of viral clearance.

Last Answer : a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Description : Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic ... series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells.

Last Answer : a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Description : The following are true about interleukins 1 (IL-1): a. it is produced mainly by the neutrophils b. it stimulates the proliferation of B and T cells c. it increases bone production d. it acts on the hypothalamus to cause fever

Last Answer : it stimulates the proliferation of B and T cell

Description : Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Description : 81. The scrub and circulating nurse should perform sponge count during which phases of an abdominal hysterectomy procedure? 1. Before the procedure 2. Before closing the endometrium 3. Before closing the peritoneum 4. At the skin closure 5. When the scrub nurse goes for a lunch break

Last Answer : A. All except 5

Description : To assess circulating oxygen levels the 2001 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative: Management of Anemia Guidelines recommends the use of which of the following diagnostic tests? a) Hemoglobin ... gases Arterial blood gases assess the adequacy of oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status.

Last Answer : a) Hemoglobin Although hematocrit has always been the blood test of choice to assess for anemia, the 2001 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative: Management of Anemia Guidelines, recommend that ... rather than hematocrit measurements, as it is more accurate in assessment of circulating oxygen.

Description : Which of the following disorders is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex? a) Cushing's syndrome The patient ... individual with Hashimoto's disease demonstrates inflammation of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism.

Last Answer : a) Cushing’s syndrome The patient with Cushing’s syndrome demonstrates truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension.

Description : 84. The circulating nurse will document “surgical count” in which of the following?

Last Answer : B. Intraoperative record

Description : 83. The scrub nurse and circulating nurse also counted the sharps and miscellaneous items like instruments before the procedure. Continuous accounting for these items can primarily

Last Answer : C. Minimize injuries and/or liabilities to sterile surgical team

Description : 76. A client is being positioned for radical vulvectomy and a couple of clinical clerks wanted to come in to watch the surgery. The circulating nurse advise them to enter the OR suite later. Foremost, this decision of the nurse is directed towards

Last Answer : D. Preserving privacy

Description : When the intern-in-charge did the skin prep and catheterized the client, the circulating nurse noticed when the intern withdrew the catheter from the vagina. What is your appropriate and ... . Offer to change the catheter C. Alcoholize the tip of the catheter before reinserting the catheter

Last Answer : B. Offer to change the catheter

Description : The clinical instructor assigned a nursing student to assist the operation. When the nursing student entered the OR suite, her curly long hair was not covered by the head cap. What would the circulating nurse ... in all her hair inside the head cap D. Do not allow the nursing student to scrub in

Last Answer : D. Remind the surgeon to scrub again

Description : The most controversial way of communicating doctor’s orders is by phone. It becomes valid and legal only when A. Countersigned by the receiving RN B. Signed by the physician who gave the order C. Signed by the resident physician on duty D. Countersigned by the medical doctor

Last Answer : B. Encourage the client to discuss feelings/pain or discomfort openly

Description : All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia (a) can induce root nodules on many plant species (b) can fix ... its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host's cortex

Last Answer : (b) can fix nitrogen in the free-living state

Description : Where do T cells mature? a. Bone marrow b. Spleen c. Lymph node d. Thymus

Last Answer : d. Thymus

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the assessment of protein reserve? a. Conventional serum proteins such as albumin and globulin are early indicators of malnutrition b. The ... d. Measurement of urea excretion in urine can be used as a measurement of protein breakdown

Last Answer : Answer: d Since protein is the functional and structural chemical of the body, most nutritional assessment techniques are estimates of protein reserves. The actual nitrogen balance can ... patients convert from reactive to anergic, and reactivity can be restored by nutritional repletion

Description : Bubonic plague occurs a) after the organism enters through the skin. Bubonic refers to enlarged lymph nodes that develop after the organism enters through the skin. Bubonic plague is the form seen ... frequently, as the organism is transferred from rodents or other animals to humans by insect bite.

Last Answer : a) after the organism enters through the skin. Bubonic refers to enlarged lymph nodes that develop after the organism enters through the skin. Bubonic plague is the form seen most frequently, as the organism is transferred from rodents or other animals to humans by insect bite.

Description : Which of the following terms refers to enlarged, red, and tender lymph nodes? a) Lymphadenitis Acute lymphadenitis is demonstrated by enlarged, red and tender lymph nodes. b) Lymphangitis ... refers to a condition in which chronic swelling of the extremity recedes only slightly with elevation.

Last Answer : a) Lymphadenitis Acute lymphadenitis is demonstrated by enlarged, red and tender lymph nodes.

Description : Another term for clergyman's sore throat is a) chronic granular pharyngitis. In clergyman's sore throat, the pharynx is characterized by numerous swollen lymph follicles. b) ... . Hypertrophic pharyngitis is characterized by general thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.

Last Answer : a) chronic granular pharyngitis. In clergyman’s sore throat, the pharynx is characterized by numerous swollen lymph follicles.

Description : Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV ... ) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Last Answer : (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

Description : Cortisol: a. increases the circulating lymphocytes b. increases the circulating eosinophils c. decreases the production of prostaglandins d. inhibits the production of fibroblasts

Last Answer : inhibits the production of fibroblasts

Description : Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes formed when antigens bind to antibodies? a) Type III Type III hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid ... , or delayed-type, hypersensitivity occurs 24-72 hours after exposure to an allergen.

Last Answer : a) Type III Type III hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, certain types of nephritis, and some types of bacterial endocarditis.

Description : Which of the following reflect the pathophysiology of cutaneous signs of HIV disease? a) Immune function deterioration Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestations of HIV, appearing in more ... Decrease in normal skin flora Cutaneous signs of HIV disease appear as immune function deteriorates.

Last Answer : a) Immune function deterioration Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestations of HIV, appearing in more than 90 per cent of HIV infected patients as the immune function deteriorates. Common complaints include pruritis, folliculitis, and chronic actinic dermatitis.

Description : Of the following types of cells, which are believed to play a significant role in cutaneous immune system reactions? a) Langerhans' cells Langerhans' cells are common to the epidermis and are ... and skin. d) Phagocytes Phagocytes are white blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign materials.

Last Answer : a) Langerhans’ cells Langerhans’ cells are common to the epidermis and are accessory cells of the afferent immune system process.

Description : The nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements? Primary immunodeficiencies a) develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases ... . Without treatment, infants and children with these disorders seldom survive to adulthood.

Last Answer : a) develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system.

Description : Which of the following terms is used to describe a tachycardia characterized by abrupt onset, abrupt cessation, and a QRS of normal duration? a) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAT ... fibrillation Atrial fibrillation causes a rapid, disorganized, and uncoordinated twitching of atrial musculature.

Last Answer : a) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAT is often caused by a conduction problem in the AV node and is now called AV nodal reentry tachycardia.

Description : Which of the following ECG waveforms characterizes conduction of an electrical impulse through the left ventricle? a) QRS complex The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization b) P ... QT interval is an ECG characteristic reflecting the time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

Last Answer : a) QRS complex The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization

Description : Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association ... ) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : D

Description : All the following statements about haptens are true except (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They cannot elicit an immune response by themselves (C) When combined with some other large ... response (D) Once an immune response develops, the free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : A

Description : Which of the following refers to a management tool for organizing personnel, facilities, equipment, and communication for any emergency situation? a) The Incident Command System The ... emergency preparedness required by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).

Last Answer : a) The Incident Command System The Incident Command System (ICS) is a management tool for organizing personnel, facilities, equipment and communication for any emergency situation. The federal government mandates ... are used at the level of an individual hospital's emergency response plan as well.

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes

Description : Low Lymphocytes and multiple lymph nodes enlarged?

Last Answer : Wait and see what the hematologist says. Breathe.

Description : Which one of the following is correct? (a) Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC (b) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets (c) Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes (d) Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen

Last Answer : (b) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets