Electron-withdrawing groups are meta directors because :
(a) the carbonium ion intermediate has a negative charge on the meta position.
(b) the more stable resonance hybrid occurs with meta attachment of the
electrophile.
(c) the less stable resonance hybrid occurs with meta attachment of the
electrophile.
(d) the carbonium ion intermediate has a positive charge on the meta position
(a) the carbonium ion intermediate has a negative charge on the meta position.
(b) the more stable resonance hybrid occurs with meta attachment of the
electrophile.
(c) the less stable resonance hybrid occurs with meta attachment of the
electrophile.
(d) the carbonium ion intermediate has a positive charge on the meta position