Which of the following is a cause of information risk? a. Voluminous data. b. Biases and motives of the provider of information. c. Remoteness of the information. d. Each of the above is a cause of information risk.

Which of the following is a cause of
information risk?
a. Voluminous data.
b. Biases and motives of the provider of
information.
c. Remoteness of the information.
d. Each of the above is a cause of
information risk.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Each of the above is a cause of
information risk.
by

Related questions

Which one of the following is not a reason why the users of financial statements desire for an independent assessment of the financial statement presentation? a. Complexity of transactions affecting the financial statements b. Lack of criteria on which to base information c. Remoteness of the user from the organization d. All of them are potential reasons

Description : Which one of the following is not a reason why the users of financial statements desire for an independent assessment of the financial statement presentation? a. Complexity of transactions affecting the ... c. Remoteness of the user from the organization d. All of them are potential reasons

Last Answer : Lack of criteria on which to base information

Which of the following statements does not properly describe an element of the theoretical framework of auditing? a. Remoteness of users. b. An audit benefits the public. c. The data to be audited are verifiable. d. Auditor should maintain independence with respect to the audit client

Description : Which of the following statements does not properly describe an element of the theoretical framework of auditing? a. Remoteness of users. b. An audit benefits the public. c. The data to be audited are verifiable. d. Auditor should maintain independence with respect to the audit client

Last Answer : Remoteness of users

The need for independent audits of financial statements can be attributed to all of the following conditions except: a. Validity b. Remoteness c. Consequence d. Complexity of subject matter

Description : The need for independent audits of financial statements can be attributed to all of the following conditions except: a. Validity b. Remoteness c. Consequence d. Complexity of subject matter

Last Answer : Validity

Which of the following is least likely to be required on an audit? a. Review accounting estimates for biases. b. Test appropriateness of journal entries and adjustment. c. Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred. d. Evaluate the business rationale for significant unusual transactions

Description : Which of the following is least likely to be required on an audit? a. Review accounting estimates for biases. b. Test appropriateness of journal entries and adjustment. c. ... determination of whether fraud has occurred. d. Evaluate the business rationale for significant unusual transactions

Last Answer : Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred.

Which of the following is least likely to be required on an audit? a. Review accounting estimates for biases b. Test appropriateness of journal entries and adjustment c. Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred d. Evaluate the business rationale for significant, unusual transactions

Description : Which of the following is least likely to be required on an audit? a. Review accounting estimates for biases b. Test appropriateness of journal entries and adjustment c. Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred d. Evaluate the business rationale for significant, unusual transactions

Last Answer : Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred

All of the following are true regarding the Qualitative Risk Analysis process except which one? A. Probability and impact and expert interview are used to help correct biases that occC. Qualitative Risk Analysis is an easy method of determining risk probability and impact that usually takes a good deal of time to perform. D. Risk urgency assessment is a tool and technique of this process used to determine which risks need near-term response plans.ur in the data you’ve gathered during this process. B. The probability and impact matrix is used during this process to assign red, yellow, and green conditions to risks.

Description : All of the following are true regarding the Qualitative Risk Analysis process except  which one?  A. Probability and impact and expert interview are used to help correct biases that occur  in the data ... of this process used to determine  which risks need near-term response plans.

Last Answer : C. Qualitative Risk Analysis is an easy method of determining risk probability and  impact that usually takes a good deal of time to perform.

When the continuing auditor intends to use information about the entity and its environment obtained in prior periods, the auditor shoulda. Assess control risk as "high" for theassertions affected by the prior-periodinformation.b. Seek permission with the client in usingthe prior period information obtained bythe auditor.c. Determine whether changes haveoccurred that may affect therelevance of such information in thecurrent audit.d. Determine whether to equitably reducethe audit fee due to lower audit effortexpended during the engagement

Description : When the continuing auditor intends to use information about the entity and its environment obtained in prior periods, the auditor should a. Assess control risk as "high" for the assertions ... whether to equitably reduce the audit fee due to lower audit effort expended during the engagement

Last Answer : Determine whether changes have occurred that may affect the relevance of such information in the current audit.

Financial statements audits: a. Reduce the cost of capital b. Report on compliance with laws and regulations c. Assess management's efficiency d. Overlook information risk

Description : Financial statements audits: a. Reduce the cost of capital b. Report on compliance with laws and regulations c. Assess management's efficiency d. Overlook information risk

Last Answer : Reduce the cost of capital

Information risk refers to the risk that a. The client may not be able to remain in business. b. Errors and frauds would not be detected by the auditor's procedures. c. The auditor may express an unqualified opinion on financial statements that arematerial misstated.d. The client's financial statementsmay be materially false andmisleading

Description : Information risk refers to the risk that a. The client may not be able to remain in business. b. Errors and frauds would not be detected by the auditor's procedures. c. ... financial statements that arematerial misstated. d. The client's financial statements may be materially false and misleading

Last Answer : The client's financial statements may be materially false and misleading

Assurance engagement risk is the risk a. Of expressing an inappropriate conclusion when the subject matter information is not materially misstated. b. That the practitioner expresses an inappropriate conclusion when the subject matter information is materially misstated. c. Of expressing an inappropriate conclusion when the subject matter information is either materially misstated or not materially misstated. d. Through loss from litigation, adverse publicity, or other events arising in connection with a subject matter reported on

Description : Assurance engagement risk is the risk a. Of expressing an inappropriate conclusion when the subject matter information is not materially misstated. b. That the practitioner expresses an inappropriate ... , adverse publicity, or other events arising in connection with a subject matter reported on

Last Answer : That the practitioner expresses an inappropriate conclusion when the subject matter information is materially misstated.

The risk associated with a company's survival and profitability is referred to as: a. Information risk b. Business risk c. Control risk d. Detection risk

Description : The risk associated with a company's survival and profitability is referred to as: a. Information risk b. Business risk c. Control risk d. Detection risk

Last Answer : Business risk

Independent auditors of financial statements perform audits that reduce and control a. Business risk faced by investors b. Information risk faced by investors c. Complexity of financial statements d. Timeliness of financial statements

Description : Independent auditors of financial statements perform audits that reduce and control a. Business risk faced by investors b. Information risk faced by investors c. Complexity of financial statements d. Timeliness of financial statements

Last Answer : Information risk faced by investors

These result from significant conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that could adversely affect the entity’s ability to achieve its objectives and execute its strategies or through the setting of inappropriate objectives and strategies. a. Business failure b. Information risk c. Business obstacles d. Business risk

Description : These result from significant conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that could adversely affect the entity's ability to achieve its objectives and execute its strategies or through the ... strategies. a. Business failure b. Information risk c. Business obstacles d. Business risk

Last Answer : Business risk

Which of the following methods is most commonly used to reduce information risk? a. Allow all users to prepare the statements. b. Allow users to verify information. c. Have the financial statements audited. d. Users share information risk with management.

Description : Which of the following methods is most commonly used to reduce information risk? a. Allow all users to prepare the statements. b. Allow users to verify information. c. Have the financial statements audited. d. Users share information risk with management.

Last Answer : Have the financial statements audited

Which of the following is not an assurance engagement? a. Risk Assessment Service b. Information System Reliability Service c. Business Performance Measurement d. Management Consulting Service

Description : Which of the following is not an assurance engagement? a. Risk Assessment Service b. Information System Reliability Service c. Business Performance Measurement d. Management Consulting Service

Last Answer : Management Consulting Service

Which of the following statements concerning analytical procedures is true? a. Analytical procedures are more efficient, but not more effective, than tests of details of transactions. b. Analytical procedures used as risk assessment procedures use data aggregated at a high level. c. Analytical procedures can replace tests of controls in gathering audit evidence to support the assessed level of control risk. d. Analytical procedures usually involve comparisons of ratios developed from recorded amounts with ratios developed by management

Description : Which of the following statements concerning analytical procedures is true? a. Analytical procedures are more efficient, but not more effective, than tests of details of transactions. ... usually involve comparisons of ratios developed from recorded amounts with ratios developed by management

Last Answer : Analytical procedures used as risk assessment procedures use data aggregated at a high level.

The risk of material financial statement misstatement may be greater when the following conditions exist except a. When there is greater management intervention to specify the accounting treatment. b. When there is sufficient personnel with appropriate accounting and financial reporting skillsc. When there is greater manual intervention for data collection and processing. d. Complex calculations or accounting principles is involved.

Description : The risk of material financial statement misstatement may be greater when the following conditions exist except a. When there is greater management intervention to specify the accounting treatment. ... for data collection and processing. d. Complex calculations or accounting principles is involved

Last Answer : When there is sufficient personnel with appropriate accounting and financial reporting skills

The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests a) Inflammatory colitis The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests inflammatory colitis or enteritis. b) Small bowel disease Watery stools are characteristic of small bowel disease. c) Disorders of the colon Loose, semisolid stools are associated more often with disorders of the colon. d) Intestinal malabsorption Voluminous, greasy stools suggest intestinal malabsorption.

Description : The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests a) Inflammatory colitis The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests inflammatory colitis or enteritis. b) Small bowel ... with disorders of the colon. d) Intestinal malabsorption Voluminous, greasy stools suggest intestinal malabsorption.

Last Answer : a) Inflammatory colitis The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests inflammatory colitis or enteritis.

What is the responsibility of an auditor who is engaged to audit the financial statements of a government entity? a. Assess control risk with respect to each component of internal control. b. Assume responsibility for assuring that the entity complies with applicable laws and regulations. c. Obtain an understanding of the possible financial statement effects of laws and regulations having direct and material effects on amounts reported. d. Design the audit to provide reasonable assurance that the statements are free of material misstatements resulting from illegal acts having direct or indirect effects

Description : What is the responsibility of an auditor who is engaged to audit the financial statements of a government entity? a. Assess control risk with respect to each component of internal ... the statements are free of material misstatements resulting from illegal acts having direct or indirect effects

Last Answer : Obtain an understanding of the possible financial statement effects of laws and regulations having direct and material effects on amounts reported.

In planning the audit engagement, the auditor should consider each of the following, except a. Matters relating to the entity's business and the industry in which it operates. b. Materiality level and audit risk. c. The kind of opinion (unmodified, qualified, or adverse) that is likely to be expressed. d. The entity's accounting policies and procedures.

Description : In planning the audit engagement, the auditor should consider each of the following, except a. Matters relating to the entity's business and the industry in which it operates. b. Materiality level and ... or adverse) that is likely to be expressed. d. The entity's accounting policies and procedures.

Last Answer : The kind of opinion (unmodified, qualified, or adverse) that is likely to be expressed

Which statement is not true about New Zealand? (A) Awareness to be independent of any foreign power is very strong in New Zealand. (B) New Zealand allows US ships with nuclear weapons to enter and use its ports. (C) The remoteness of New Zealand does not protect it from the world’s critical problems. (D) The people of New Zealand want the South Pacific Ocean to be a zone of peace.

Description : Which statement is not true about New Zealand? (A) Awareness to be independent of any foreign power is very strong in New Zealand. (B) New Zealand allows US ships with nuclear weapons to enter and use its ... problems. (D) The people of New Zealand want the South Pacific Ocean to be a zone of peace.

Last Answer : (B) New Zealand allows US ships with nuclear weapons to enter and use its ports. 

Which of the following statements would least likely appear in an auditor's engagement letter? a. Our engagement is subject to the risk that material errors, fraud, and defalcations, if they exist, will not be detected. b. During the course of our audit we may observe opportunities for economy in, or improved controls over, your operations. c. After performing our preliminary analytical procedures we will discuss with you the other procedures we consider necessary to complete the engagement. d. Fees for our services are based on our regular per diem rates, plus travel and other out-of-pocket expenses

Description : Which of the following statements would least likely appear in an auditor's engagement letter? a. Our engagement is subject to the risk that material errors, fraud, and defalcations, if they exist, ... services are based on our regular per diem rates, plus travel and other out-of-pocket expenses

Last Answer : After performing our preliminary analytical procedures we will discuss with you the other procedures we consider necessary to complete the engagement.

.Prior to beginning the field work on a new audit engagement in which a CPA does not possess expertise in the industry in which the client operates, the CPA should a. Reduce audit risk by lowering the preliminary levels of materiality. b. Design special substantive tests to compensate for the lack of industry expertise. c. Engage financial experts familiar with the nature of the industry. d. Obtain a knowledge of matters that relates to the nature of the entity's business

Description : .Prior to beginning the field work on a new audit engagement in which a CPA does not possess expertise in the industry in which the client operates, the CPA should a. Reduce audit risk by lowering ... the industry. d. Obtain a knowledge of matters that relates to the nature of the entity's business

Last Answer : Obtain a knowledge of matters that relates to the nature of the entity's business

The following are components of assurance engagement risk, except a. Detection risk b. Business risk c. Inherent risk d. Control risk

Description : The following are components of assurance engagement risk, except a. Detection risk b. Business risk c. Inherent risk d. Control risk

Last Answer : Business risk

.Inherent risk is not a characteristic of the a. Major types of transactions. b. Client’s business. c. Substantive procedures. d. Effectiveness of the client’s accountants

Description : .Inherent risk is not a characteristic of the a. Major types of transactions. b. Client’s business. c. Substantive procedures. d. Effectiveness of the client’s accountants

Last Answer : Substantive procedures

Which of the following risks is entirely a quality criterion based on professional judgment? a. Inherent risk b. Control risk c. Detection risk d. Audit risk

Description : Which of the following risks is entirely a quality criterion based on professional judgment? a. Inherent risk b. Control risk c. Detection risk d. Audit risk

Last Answer : Audit risk

Which of the following factors most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting? a. Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily convertible into cash. b. Low growth and profitability as compared to other entity's in the same industry. c. Financial management's participation in the initial selection of accounting principles. d. An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

Description : Which of the following factors most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting? a. Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily ... of accounting principles. d. An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

Last Answer : An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Low turnover of senior management. b. Extreme degree of competition within the industry. c. Capital structure including various operating subsidiaries. d. Sales goals in excess of any of the preceding three years

Description : Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Low turnover of senior management. b. Extreme degree of competition within the ... various operating subsidiaries. d. Sales goals in excess of any of the preceding three years

Last Answer : Extreme degree of competition within the industry.

Which of the following is least likely considered a financial statement audit risk factor? a. Management operating and financing decisions are dominated by top management. b. A new client with no prior audit history. c. Rate of change in the entity's industry is rapid. Profitability of the entity relative to its industry is inconsistent.d

Description : Which of the following is least likely considered a financial statement audit risk factor? a. Management operating and financing decisions are dominated by top management. b. A new client with no ... entity's industry is rapid d. Profitability of the entity relative to its industry is inconsistent.

Last Answer : Management operating and financing decisions are dominated by top management.

While assessing the risk of material misstatement, the auditors identity risks, relate risk to what could go wrong, consider the magnitude of risks and: a. Assess the risk of misstatements due to noncompliance to laws and regulations. b. Consider the complexity of the transactions involved. c. Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements. d. Determine materiality level.

Description : While assessing the risk of material misstatement, the auditors identity risks, relate risk to what could go wrong, consider the magnitude of risks and: a. Assess the risk of ... Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements. d. Determine materiality level.

Last Answer : Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements

Which of the following represents a procedure that the auditor may use because plausible relationships among financial statement balances are expected to exist? a. Attributes testing b. Enterprise risk assessment c. Inherent tests of control d. Analytical review

Description : Which of the following represents a procedure that the auditor may use because plausible relationships among financial statement balances are expected to exist? a. Attributes testing b. Enterprise risk assessment c. Inherent tests of control d. Analytical review

Last Answer : Analytical review

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the relationship among audit risk, audit evidence, and materiality? a. The lower the inherent risk and control risk, the lower the aggregate materiality threshold. b. Under conditions of high inherent and control risk, the auditor should place more emphasis on obtaining external evidence and should reduce reliance on internal evidence. c. Where inherent risk is high and control risk is low, the auditor may safely ignore inherent risk. d. Aggregate materiality thresholds should not change under conditions of changing risk levels

Description : Which of the following statements is true with regard to the relationship among audit risk, audit evidence, and materiality? a. The lower the inherent risk and control risk, the lower ... inherent risk. d. Aggregate materiality thresholds should not change under conditions of changing risk levels

Last Answer : Under conditions of high inherent and control risk, the auditor should place more emphasis on obtaining external evidence and should reduce reliance on internal evidence

Which of the following should the auditors normally interview as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the given choices

Description : Which of the following should the auditors normally interview as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the given choices

Last Answer : All of the given choices

The probability that an auditor's procedures leading to the conclusion that a material error does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such error does exist is referred to as a. Prevention risk. b. Detection risk. c. Inherent risk. d. Control risk

Description : The probability that an auditor's procedures leading to the conclusion that a material error does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such error does exist is referred to as a. Prevention risk. b. Detection risk. c. Inherent risk. d. Control risk

Last Answer : Detection risk.

When the auditor issues an erroneous opinion as a consequence of an underlying failure to comply with the requirements of generally accepted auditing standards, it results to a. Business failure. b. Audit failure. c. Audit risk. d. All of them

Description : When the auditor issues an erroneous opinion as a consequence of an underlying failure to comply with the requirements of generally accepted auditing standards, it results to a. Business failure. b. Audit failure. c. Audit risk. d. All of them

Last Answer : Audit failure.

Which of the following underlies the application of generally accepted auditing standards, particularly the standards of fieldwork and reporting? a. Element of corroborating evidence b. Element of reasonable assurance c. Elements of materiality and risk d. Element of internal control

Description : Which of the following underlies the application of generally accepted auditing standards, particularly the standards of fieldwork and reporting? a. Element of corroborating evidence b. Element of reasonable assurance c. Elements of materiality and risk d. Element of internal control

Last Answer : Elements of materiality and risk

The exercise of due professional care requires that an auditor a. Critically review the judgment exercised at every level of supervision. b. Attain the proper balance of professional experience and formal education. c. Reduce control risk below the maximum. d. Examine all available corroborating evidence

Description : The exercise of due professional care requires that an auditor a. Critically review the judgment exercised at every level of supervision. b. Attain the proper balance of professional experience ... education. c. Reduce control risk below the maximum. d. Examine all available corroborating evidence

Last Answer : Critically review the judgment exercised at every level of supervision.

Practitioner's independence: a. Minimizes risk. b. Defends against liability c. Helps achieve public confidence d. Achieves compliance with the standards of fieldwork.

Description : Practitioner's independence: a. Minimizes risk. b. Defends against liability c. Helps achieve public confidence d. Achieves compliance with the standards of fieldwork.

Last Answer : Helps achieve public confidence

Whenever a CPA professional is engaged to perform an audit of financial statements according to Philippine Standards on Auditing, he required to comply with those standards in order to a. Eliminate audit risk. b. Eliminate the professional judgment in resolving audit issues. c. Have a measure of the quality of audit performance. d. To reduce the audit program to be prepared by the auditor.

Description : Whenever a CPA professional is engaged to perform an audit of financial statements according to Philippine Standards on Auditing, he required to comply with those standards in order to a. Eliminate audit risk ... of audit performance. d. To reduce the audit program to be prepared by the auditor.

Last Answer : Have a measure of the quality of audit performance.

In comparing management fraud with employee fraud, the auditor's risk of failing to discover the fraud is a. Greater for employee fraud because of the larger number of employees in the organization. b. Greater for employee fraud because of the higher crime rate among blue collar workers. c. Greater for management fraud because of management's ability to override existing internal controls. d. Greater for management fraud because managers are inherently smarter than employees.

Description : In comparing management fraud with employee fraud, the auditor's risk of failing to discover the fraud is a. Greater for employee fraud because of the larger number of employees in ... existing internal controls. d. Greater for management fraud because managers are inherently smarter than employees.

Last Answer : Greater for management fraud because of management's ability to override existing internal controls

Audit programs should be designed so that a. Most of the required procedures can be performed as interim work. b. The audit evidence gathered supports the auditor’s conclusions. c. Inherent risk is assessed at a sufficiently low level. d. The auditor can make constructive suggestions to management

Description : Audit programs should be designed so that a. Most of the required procedures can be performed as interim work. b. The audit evidence gathered supports the auditor's conclusions. c. ... is assessed at a sufficiently low level. d. The auditor can make constructive suggestions to management

Last Answer : The audit evidence gathered supports the auditor’s conclusions.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Domination of management by top executives.b. Negative cash flows from operations. c. Large amounts of cash processed. d. Small high-dollar inventory items

Description : Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Domination of management by top executives. b. Negative cash flows from operations. c. Large amounts of cash processed. d. Small high-dollar inventory items

Last Answer : Negative cash flows from operations.

The risk of fraudulent financial reporting increases in the presence of a. Substantial increases in sales. b. Incentive systems based on operating income. c. Improved control systems. d. Frequent changes in suppliers.

Description : The risk of fraudulent financial reporting increases in the presence of a. Substantial increases in sales. b. Incentive systems based on operating income. c. Improved control systems. d. Frequent changes in suppliers.

Last Answer : Incentive systems based on operating income.

Why should the auditor plan more work on individual accounts as lower acceptable levels of both audit risk and materiality are established? a. To find smaller errors b. To find larger errors c. To increase the tolerable error in the accounts d. To decrease the risk of overreliance

Description : Why should the auditor plan more work on individual accounts as lower acceptable levels of both audit risk and materiality are established? a. To find smaller errors b. To find larger errors c. To increase the tolerable error in the accounts d. To decrease the risk of overreliance

Last Answer : To find smaller errors

Which of the following does an auditor least likely perform in assessing audit risk? a. Understand the economic substance of significant transactions completed by the client. b. Understand the entity and the industry in which it operates. c. Gather audit evidence in support of recorded transactions. d. Obtain an understanding of the client's system of internal contro

Description : Which of the following does an auditor least likely perform in assessing audit risk? a. Understand the economic substance of significant transactions completed by the client. b. Understand the entity ... of recorded transactions. d. Obtain an understanding of the client's system of internal contro

Last Answer : Gather audit evidence in support of recorded transactions

The probability of an auditor's procedures leading to the conclusion that a material error does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such error does exist is referred to as a. Prevention risk. b. Inherent risk. c. Control risk. d. Detection risk

Description : The probability of an auditor's procedures leading to the conclusion that a material error does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such error does exist is referred to as a. Prevention risk. b. Inherent risk. c. Control risk. d. Detection risk

Last Answer : b

Audit risk components consist of inherent, control and detection risks. Which of them is are dependent variable(s)? a. Inherent risk b. Control risk c. Detection risk d. Inherent and control risks

Description : Audit risk components consist of inherent, control and detection risks. Which of them is are dependent variable(s)? a. Inherent risk b. Control risk c. Detection risk d. Inherent and control risks

Last Answer : Detection risk

Auditors focus on a. Areas where the risk of material errors and irregularities is least. b. Areas where the risk of material errors and irregularities is greatest. c. All areas equally. d. A random selection of all areas

Description : Auditors focus on a. Areas where the risk of material errors and irregularities is least. b. Areas where the risk of material errors and irregularities is greatest. c. All areas equally. d. A random selection of all areas

Last Answer : Areas where the risk of material errors and irregularities is greatest

Philippine Standards on Auditing require auditors to assess the risk of material misstatements due to fraud a. For first-time audits. b. Sufficient to find any frauds which may exist. c. For every audit. d. Whenever it would be appropriate

Description : Philippine Standards on Auditing require auditors to assess the risk of material misstatements due to fraud a. For first-time audits. b. Sufficient to find any frauds which may exist. c. For every audit. d. Whenever it would be appropriate

Last Answer : For every audit