Explain process of transmission ultrasonic testing and pulse echo UT testing.

Explain process of transmission ultrasonic testing and pulse echo UT testing.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Transmission UT method:- In this method two different tranducers are used, one acting as a transmitter and other acting as a receiver. The transmitter convers electrical pulse into sound signal. This sound pulse travels through the material. the receiver on opposite side receives these sound signals and converted into electrical pulse. This signal pulse sent to CRT screen. This screen displays amplitude on Y axis and time on X axis. If the signals are not received by receiver it indicates that there is crack in the material, complete lack of signal indicates that flow or crack is very large enough to reflect completely. If the received signal is 100% the the material is flowless.

image

Pulse Echo UT method:- In this case only one transducer is used. This transducer acts as transmitter as well as receiver. Initially transducer acts as transmitter. It converts electrical energy into sound energy. This sound pulse travels through the material and reflected by crack or opposite wall and return back.

Now the transducer acts as receiver. The received sound energy is converted into electrical pulse. This signal pulse sent to CRT screen. This screen displays amplitude on Y axis and time on X axis. Some sound is transmitted through material and some sound is reflected from the first surfaces and gives a pulse which indicates the initial pulse. The electrical transmission pulse triggers a sound pulse at the probe crystal. At the same time this voltage pulse is fed to the input of CRT is called initial pulse as shown in following diagram.

image

by

Related questions

Explain production of ultrasonic wave by using piezoelectric method.

Description : Explain production of ultrasonic wave by using piezoelectric method. 

Last Answer : Principle: When the electric field is applied across the crystal its dimensions changes and when alternating PD is applied across crystal then the crystal sets into elastic vibrations  Working ... of crystal. Then the crystal sets into resonance vibration and ultrasonic waves are produced. 

Which of the following statements refer to correct purpose as regards testing of concrete by ultrasonic pulse velocity method? 1. To assess the quality of concrete in-situ. 2. To determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete. 3. To locate the presence of cracks in it (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d)1, 2 and 3

Description : Which of the following statements refer to correct purpose as regards testing of concrete by ultrasonic pulse velocity method? 1. To assess the quality of concrete in-situ. 2. To determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete. 3 ... and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d)1, 2 and 3

Last Answer : (d)1, 2 and 3

State properties of ultrasonic waves.

Description : State properties of ultrasonic waves.

Last Answer : i) Frequency of these sound waves is more than 20kHz ii) Shorter wavelength iii) They carry high amount of sound energy iv) The speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves increases with increase in ... . x) Posses certain vibrations which are used as good massage action in case of muscular pain. 

Explain the ultrasonic pulse velocity test and techniques of measuring pulse velocity through concrete.

Description : Explain the ultrasonic pulse velocity test and techniques of measuring pulse velocity through concrete.

Last Answer : Procedure: i. Ultrasonic pulse velocity method consists of measuring the time travel of an ultrasonic pulse passing through the concrete to be tested. ii. The pulse generated circuit consists of ... The transmitting and receiving transducers are placed on same surfaces of the concrete slab

Explain the technique and ways of measuring ultrasonic pulse velocity through concrete. Draw sketches.

Description : Explain the technique and ways of measuring ultrasonic pulse velocity through concrete. Draw sketches.

Last Answer : Methods of measuring ultrasonic pulse velocity 1. Direct transmission 2. Indirect transmission 3. Surface transmission Direct transmission- The transmitting and receiving transducers are placed on opposite ... or either side of surfaces of the concrete slab as shown in figure below.

A return echo arrives after the allocated pulse interval then

Description :  A return echo arrives after the allocated pulse interval then . (A) It will interfere with the operation of the transmitter (B) The receiver may be overloaded (C) It will not be received (D) The target will appear closer than it really is

Last Answer : A

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test is meant for a) Identifying the integrity of concrete* b) Finding the strength of concrete c) To know the crack in steel structure d) To know the flaw in rail

Description : Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test is meant for a) Identifying the integrity of concrete* b) Finding the strength of concrete c) To know the crack in steel structure d) To know the flaw in rail

Last Answer : a) Identifying the integrity of concrete*

State principle of ultrasonic pulse-velocity test on concrete.

Description : State principle of ultrasonic pulse-velocity test on concrete. 

Last Answer : Principle of ultrasonic pulse-velocity test: The working principle of ultrasonic pulse velocity test is as follows: The electronically generated mechanical pulses of specific frequency pass though concrete ... is measured to determine the ultrasonic pulse velocity and related quality of concrete. 

Which of the following are considered applications of ultrasonic testing? (A) Determination of elastic constant (B) Detection of defects in metal (C) Measurement of material thickness (D) None of the above

Description : Which of the following are considered applications of ultrasonic testing? (A) Determination of elastic constant (B) Detection of defects in metal (C) Measurement of material thickness (D) None of the above

Last Answer : (B) Detection of defects in metal

For ultrasonic testing, which of the following statements is true? a) It is easy to identify all defects b) The equipment shall be calibrated before use c) The equipment cannot be automated d) Sound waves will not travel through copper

Description : For ultrasonic testing, which of the following statements is true? a) It is easy to identify all defects b) The equipment shall be calibrated before use c) The equipment cannot be automated d) Sound waves will not travel through copper

Last Answer : b) The equipment shall be calibrated before use

What is full form of SPURT car a. Self propelled ultrasonic rail testing car* b. Self pulled united rail testing car c. Self pumped universal testing car d. None of above

Description : What is full form of SPURT car a. Self propelled ultrasonic rail testing car* b. Self pulled united rail testing car c. Self pumped universal testing car d. None of above

Last Answer : a. Self propelled ultrasonic rail testing car*

Explain construction and working of Coolidge tube for production of X-ray.

Description : Explain construction and working of Coolidge tube for production of X-ray.

Last Answer : Construction:- It consist of hard glass bulb with cathode and anode as shown in fig. Cathode is a metal filament kept at negative potential to the filament. Target T consist of copper ... the filament current, the thermionic emission of electron hence intensity of X- rays can be controlled.

Explain the construction and working of a photocell. State its any two applications.

Description : Explain the construction and working of a photocell. State its any two applications.

Last Answer :   Construction: 1. It consists of evacuated glass bulb having cathode (K) and anode (A). 2. The semi cylindrical cathode coated with photosensitive material from inner side. 3. The anode is platinum rod. 4. The ... in Burglar alarm. 4) It is used in TV set. 5) It is used in fire alarms.

Explain variation of thermo e.m.f. with temperature.

Description : Explain variation of thermo e.m.f. with temperature. 

Last Answer : For a given thermocouple , the temperature of one junction is placed at 00C and temperature of other junction is increased by providing heat. The emf generated is measured with the help ... increases and reaches to maximum value and thereafter emf decreases, becomes zero and reverses its sign.

Distinguish between Seebeck and Peltier effect .

Description : Distinguish between Seebeck and Peltier effect .

Last Answer : Seebeck's effect Peltier effect When two dissimilar metals are joined together so that two junctions are formed and if one junction is heated and other is cooled then electric current flows ... difference. Amount of heat generated depends on pair of metals and current through it.

factors on which NDT method can be selected.

Description : factors on which NDT method can be selected.

Last Answer : i) Codes or standard requirement ii) Specification of material to be tested, for example, nature of material, its size and shape iii) Type of disorders to be detected, also depend on nature ... is also depending on the equipments available for testing vi) Total cost required to test the material.

applications of X-rays

Description : applications of X-rays

Last Answer : 1. X- rays are used to detect the cracks in the body of aero plane or motor car. 2. X- rays are used to detect the manufacturing defects in rubber tyres or tennis ball in quality control. 3. ... cure diseases like cancer. 11. X - Rays are used to detect bullets position inside the body.

Define Work function and Stopping potential.

Description : Define Work function and Stopping potential.

Last Answer : Work Function: It is the minimum energy required just to emit or detach or knock the electron from the metal surface.  Stopping potential: It is the negative potential of photoelectric cell at which photoelectric current becomes zero.

State Joules law of heating.

Description : State Joules law of heating.

Last Answer : Joules law : It state that the amount of heat generated (H) due to the flow of electric current through a resistance is directly proportional to  1) Square of the current ( I2 )  2) Resistance ( R )  3) Time for which current flows ( t )

Define centripetal force and centrifugal force

Description : Define centripetal force and centrifugal force

Last Answer : Centripetal force - It is defined as the force acting along the radius towards the center of the circular path, which keeps the particle in uniform circular motion.  OR  Centripetal force ... experiences force which is along the radius and away from the center is called Centrifugal force.

State relation between linear velocity and angular velocity.

Description : State relation between linear velocity and angular velocity.

Last Answer : Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity is v = r ω 

Classify the solids into conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of band theory of solids.

Description : Classify the solids into conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of band theory of solids. 

Last Answer : In conductors there is no energy gap between valance band and conduction band, they are overlapped on each other. So electrons can jump from valance band to conduction band easily and material ... band when some amount of energy is supplied to it. Therefore insulators cannot conduct the current.

State properties of nano material.

Description : State properties of nano material. 

Last Answer : i. Mechanical property. ii. Structural property. iii. Thermal property. iv. Electric property. v. Magnetic property. vi. Optical property.

What is Nano-technology? Define nano scale.

Description : What is Nano-technology? Define nano scale. 

Last Answer : Nanotechnology:-The branch of engineering that deals with things having the dimensions smaller than 100 nm is called nanotechnology.  Nanoscale:-The scale range from 1nm to 100 nm is called nanoscale. 

Give applications of LASER.

Description : Give applications of LASER. 

Last Answer : i) Lasers are used for engraving and embossing of printing plates For example- number plate, name plate etc., ii) Lasers are used in cutting, drilling and welding metals. iii) Lasers are used in ... fiber from one computer to other viii) Lasers are used to find flaws or defect in material. 

Give the full form of LASER.

Description : Give the full form of LASER. 

Last Answer : Full form :  Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

What distortion is not caused by transmission line characteristics? A. Phase distortion B. Pulse shape distortion C. Spacing bias distortion D. Amplitude distortion

Description : What distortion is not caused by transmission line characteristics? A. Phase distortion B. Pulse shape distortion C. Spacing bias distortion D. Amplitude distortion

Last Answer : C. Spacing bias distortion

What type of transmission is radiated from an aircraft’s radio altimeter antenna? A. An amplitude modulated continuous wave B. A pulse position modulated UHF signal C. A differential phase shift keyed UHF signal D. A frequency modulated continuous wave

Description : What type of transmission is radiated from an aircraft’s radio altimeter antenna? A. An amplitude modulated continuous wave B. A pulse position modulated UHF signal C. A differential phase shift keyed UHF signal D. A frequency modulated continuous wave

Last Answer : D. A frequency modulated continuous wave

What is the principal difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission? A. The clocking is mixed with the data in synchronous transmission B. The pulse height are difficult C. The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous D. The bandwidth required is difficult.

Description : What is the principal difference between asynchronous and synchronous transmission? A. The clocking is mixed with the data in synchronous transmission B. The pulse height are difficult C. The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous D. The bandwidth required is difficult.

Last Answer : C. The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous

ECE Board Exam March 1996 What is the one principal difference between synchronous and asynchronous transmission? A. the pulse height are different B. the clocking is derived from the data in synchronous transmission C. the clocking is mixed with the data in asynchronous D. the bandwidth required is different

Description : ECE Board Exam March 1996 What is the one principal difference between synchronous and asynchronous transmission? A. the pulse height are different B. the clocking is derived from the data in ... C. the clocking is mixed with the data in asynchronous D. the bandwidth required is different

Last Answer : B. the clocking is derived from the data in synchronous transmission

To ensure the accuracy of a transmission, what is the minimum number of times a modulating wave should be sampled in pulse modulation?

Description : To ensure the accuracy of a transmission, what is the minimum number of times a modulating wave should be sampled in pulse modulation?

Last Answer : 2.5 times the highest modulating frequency.

Category of data transmission if the binary pulse is maintained for the entire bit time?

Description : Category of data transmission if the binary pulse is maintained for the entire bit time?

Last Answer : Return to zero

Good hiking/camping spots in UT and CO?

Description : Good hiking/camping spots in UT and CO?

Last Answer : Gotta hit Bryce or Zion in Utah for sure! Both are spectacular. Look into reservations for camping online first, you may need to reserve a night now with the summer tourist hub kicking into high gear. Colorado I am less sure of, traveled through but didn’t camp anywhere.

Nightlife in Mesquite (NV) and St. George (UT)?

Description : Nightlife in Mesquite (NV) and St. George (UT)?

Last Answer : Remember Utah is a semi-dry state for alcohol, so if partying is part of the equation…. you have to go through a little extra to get to a bar. Mesquite has over five or six casinos/resorts. I’ve eaten at Virgin River in Mesquite.

Should I go to grad school at UC Irvine or UT Austin?

Description : Should I go to grad school at UC Irvine or UT Austin?

Last Answer : I think that would depend entirely on each school’s program.

I'm ut mobile and I have to recharge 100 MB of data once a month, but they can't run, please advise

Description : I'm ut mobile and I have to recharge 100 MB of data once a month, but they can't run, please advise

Last Answer : Need Answer

What is the mystery greene discusses and why does he say ut is something we should all care about?

Description : What is the mystery greene discusses and why does he say ut is something we should all care about?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

Moab, UT?

Description : Moab, UT?

Last Answer : Moab, UT is a great site to visit. Until the 1950's Moab did nothave much to offer. Charlie Steen discovered uranium there and thetown has grown very quickly since that time. In Moab, UT there ... using whitewater rafting or a person can rent awhitewater raft and take their own tour.Moab, UT is n

How do I go about finding a caregiver for my elderly mother in Provo, UT?

Description : How do I go about finding a caregiver for my elderly mother in Provo, UT?

Last Answer : First, check in the local community for recommendations. Even if you live far away, call your mother's pastor or someone else that she knows in the community and ask for recommendations. If ... servicemagic has licensed, bonded, insured and rated caregivers listed for provo and the service is free.

Is there a tae kwon do class offered in Salt Lake City, UT?

Description : Is there a tae kwon do class offered in Salt Lake City, UT?

Last Answer : Yes. One in particular, is Master Kwon World Class, located at 3909 Highland Drive. Their phone number is (801) 272-5444, if you would like more information.

The Union Government on 22 May 2016 appointed whom as the new Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory (UT) of Pondicherry? (1) Kiran Bedi (2) Kalyan Singh (3) Ram Naik (4) Mukul Sangma

Description : The Union Government on 22 May 2016 appointed whom as the new Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory (UT) of Pondicherry? (1) Kiran Bedi (2) Kalyan Singh (3) Ram Naik (4) Mukul Sangma

Last Answer : (1) Kiran Bedi Explanation: BJP leader and former IPS officer Kiran Bedi was, in May 2016, appointed Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry. The post had been lying vacant after the Narendra Modi ... The Union Territory was under the additional charge of Lt. Governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Which amongst the following States/UT has not identified tribal community? (1) Chhattisgarh (2) Haryana (3) Maharashtra (4) Karnataka

Description : Which amongst the following States/UT has not identified tribal community? (1) Chhattisgarh (2) Haryana (3) Maharashtra (4) Karnataka

Last Answer : (2) Haryana Explanation: There are 84 million Scheduled Tribe persons in India as counted in the Census of 2001. Of them, about one third are in the Central Indian region comprising ... in the northern region of Jammu and Kashmir and the adjoining districts of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

In which States/UT s e-Stamping is currently operational? A. Gujarat B. Karnataka C. Punjab D. All of the Above E. None of the Above

Description : In which States/UT s e-Stamping is currently operational? A. Gujarat B. Karnataka C. Punjab D. All of the Above E. None of the Above

Last Answer : D. All of the Above Explanation: e-Stamping is currently operational in the States/UT s of Gujarat, Karnataka, NCT Delhi, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, UT of ... Daman & Diu, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Chandigarh.

Which of the following equations is correct for Soderberg Criteria? a. (σ m / S ut ) + (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) b. (σ m / S ut ) - (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) c. (σ m / S yt ) + (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) d. (σ m / S ut ) - (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f )

Description : Which of the following equations is correct for Soderberg Criteria? a. (σ m / S ut ) + (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) b. (σ m / S ut ) - (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) c. (σ m / S yt ) + (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f ) d. (σ m / S ut ) - (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f )

Last Answer : c. (σ m / S yt ) + (σ a / S e ) = (1 / N f )

What are the protections for UT?

Description : What are the protections for UT?  

Last Answer : a) Differential protection b) LV restricted earthfault protection c) LV back up earthfault and over current protection d) Buchholz and high oil, winding temperature protection. 

Why UT, SUT secondary is rated for 6.9kV where as bus voltage is 6.6kV?

Description : Why UT, SUT secondary is rated for 6.9kV where as bus voltage is 6.6kV? 

Last Answer : The no load secondary 6.9kV voltage level adequately takes into account voltage drop during loaded condition to cater station buses at 6.6kV level. 

Why REF is provided in the LV side of SUT and UT?

Description : Why REF is provided in the LV side of SUT and UT? 

Last Answer : The LV sides of the two transformers are earthed through the resistance. This will limit the flow of current in case of LV earth fault. Hence the differential protection may not act for a LV earth fault. Hence ref protection is provided. 

Why the neutral is earthed through earthing resistance in case of UT and SUT?

Description : Why the neutral is earthed through earthing resistance in case of UT and SUT? 

Last Answer : This is done to limit the earth fault current.  

What is the vector group of GT, UT, SUT?

Description : What is the vector group of GT, UT, SUT?

Last Answer : Yd11 Dy1 Yy0 

Why main generator/UT is not provided with separate overfluxing protection?

Description : Why main generator/UT is not provided with separate overfluxing protection?

Last Answer : Since GT is provided with overfluxing protection, it is adequate to protect main generator / UT also. Main generator can withstand higher degree of overfluxing. If a generator CB is used, separate overfluxing protection is essential for main generator.