Membrane distillation separation process

Membrane distillation separation process
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Membrane distillation separation process:

1. Direct contact membrane distillation

2. Air gap membrane distillation

3. Sweeping gas distillation

4. Vacuum membrane distillation.
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Related questions

Pick out the wrong statement: (A) Reboiler is not used in open steam distillation (B) The separation of solutes of different molecular sizes in a liquid solution by use of a suitable membrane is called dialysis (C) Freeze drying is used for the drying of fish (D) Fenske-Underwood equation is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a distillation column at normal operating reflux condition

Description : Pick out the wrong statement: (A) Reboiler is not used in open steam distillation (B) The separation of solutes of different molecular sizes in a liquid solution by use of a ... is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a distillation column at normal operating reflux condition

Last Answer : (D) Fenske-Underwood equation is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a distillation column at normal operating reflux condition

Advantages of membrane separation process over conventional separation process

Description : Advantages of membrane separation process over conventional separation process

Last Answer : 1.Because membrane processes can separate at the molecular scale up to a scale at which particles can actually be seen, this implies that a very large number of separation needs might ... the environment since the membrane approach require the use of relatively simple and non-harmful materials.

Disadvantages of membrane separation process

Description : Disadvantages of membrane separation process

Last Answer : Disadvantages of membrane separation process:  1. Membrane processes seldom produce 2 pure products, that is, one of the 2 streams is almost always contaminated with a minor amount of a second ... to their upper solid limit.  8. Membrane processes are expensive compared to other processes.

Economic feasibility study of membrane separation process for sea water desalination

Description : Economic feasibility study of membrane separation process for sea water desalination

Last Answer : Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are the leading technology for desalination of sea water because of their strong separation capabilities and exhibiting a great potential for treatment of waters worldwide A ... devices play vital role in cost-effective production of fresh water by RO desalination.

Economic feasibility study of membrane based separation process

Description : Economic feasibility study of membrane based separation process

Last Answer : Economic feasibility study of membrane based separation process : Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging technology for brackish water desalination. MD is a thermal, vapor-driven transportation process ... as renewable solar heat or waste heat, product quality, and higher resistance to fouling.

Principle of membrane separation process

Description : Principle of membrane separation process

Last Answer : Principle of membrane separation process: It is a tool for separation of liquid mixtures, especially dehydration of liquid hydrocarbons. It is a membrane separation process in which one or more dissolved species flow across a selective barrier in response to a difference in concentration. 

What property of substance does distillation used as basis for separation of components of a mixture?

Description : What property of substance does distillation used as basis for separation of components of a mixture?

Last Answer : Different materials have different boiling points.

The minimum number of theoretical plates is required for achieving a given separation in distillation column with (A) No reflux (B) Total reflux (C) Zero reflux ratio (D) Minimum reflux ratio

Description : The minimum number of theoretical plates is required for achieving a given separation in distillation column with (A) No reflux (B) Total reflux (C) Zero reflux ratio (D) Minimum reflux ratio

Last Answer : (B) Total reflux

The-relative volatility for separation of a non-ideal binary mixture by distillation should be (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) > 1 (D) < 1

Description : The-relative volatility for separation of a non-ideal binary mixture by distillation should be (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) > 1 (D) < 1

Last Answer : (C) > 1

__________ is used as an 'entrainer' for the separation of acetic acid￾water mixture by distillation. (A) Furfural (B) Benzol (C) Butyl acetate (D) Hexane

Description : __________ is used as an 'entrainer' for the separation of acetic acid￾water mixture by distillation. (A) Furfural (B) Benzol (C) Butyl acetate (D) Hexane

Last Answer : (C) Butyl acetate

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Critical moisture content is not a property of the material itself (B) A sharp increase in pressure drop gives an indication of the flooding in a distillation column (C) Separation of components is not possible in liquid extraction, if selectivity is unity (D) Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very high vacuum

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Critical moisture content is not a property of the material itself (B) A sharp increase in pressure drop gives an indication of the flooding in a ... unity (D) Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very high vacuum

Last Answer : (D) Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very high vacuum

. For the same feed, feed quality and separation (in a distillation column), with the increase of total pressure, the number of ideal plates will (A) Increase (B) Decrease (C) Remain same (D) Data insufficient, can't be predicted

Description : . For the same feed, feed quality and separation (in a distillation column), with the increase of total pressure, the number of ideal plates will (A) Increase (B) Decrease (C) Remain same (D) Data insufficient, can't be predicted

Last Answer : (A) Increase

Pick out the correct statement. (A) The slope of the stripping line is always less than unity (B) For a given separation in a binary distillation column, with increase in reflux ratio (above the minimum reflux ratio), the fixed cost of the distillation column first increases and then decreases (C) In Ponchon-Savarit method of no. of theoretical plate determination, the stripping and rectifying operating lines are vertical at total reflux (D) Kremser-Brown-Souder's equation is used to calculate the efficiency of a plate tower

Description : Pick out the correct statement. (A) The slope of the stripping line is always less than unity (B) For a given separation in a binary distillation column, with increase in reflux ratio ( ... (D) Kremser-Brown-Souder's equation is used to calculate the efficiency of a plate tower

Last Answer : C) In Ponchon-Savarit method of no. of theoretical plate determination, the stripping and rectifying operating lines are vertical at total reflux

Pick out the correct statement. (A) Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of non￾ideal binary system by distillation (B) A sharp decrease in pressure drop is an indication of flooding in a distillation coloumn (C) Solvent used in extractive distillation should be of high volatility (D) Flash distillation is suitable for separating components which have very close boiling temperature

Description : Pick out the correct statement. (A) Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of ... Flash distillation is suitable for separating components which have very close boiling temperature

Last Answer : (A) Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of non￾ideal binary system by distillation

Steam distillation is used for separation of high boiling (A) Substances from non-volatile impurities (B) Volatile impurity from still higher boiling substances (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Description : Steam distillation is used for separation of high boiling (A) Substances from non-volatile impurities (B) Volatile impurity from still higher boiling substances (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Last Answer : (C) Both (A) and (B)

Flash distillation is suitable for the separation of components (A) Having very close boiling points (B) Which form maximum boiling azeotrope (C) Having very wide boiling points (D) Which form minimum boiling azeotrope

Description : Flash distillation is suitable for the separation of components (A) Having very close boiling points (B) Which form maximum boiling azeotrope (C) Having very wide boiling points (D) Which form minimum boiling azeotrope

Last Answer : (C) Having very wide boiling points

Out of two equilibrium curves, first one lies above the diagonal and the second lies below the diagonal in the x-y plot. It means that separation by distillation is(A) Not possible in the second case unless vacuum is applied(B) Not possible in the second case unless high pressure is applied(C) More readily done in the second case compared to first one(D) None of these

Description : Out of two equilibrium curves, first one lies above the diagonal and the second lies below the diagonal in the x-y plot. It means that separation by distillation is (A) Not possible in the second ... (C) More readily done in the second case compared to first one (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) More readily done in the second case compared to first one

Pick out the correct statement. (A) Higher hold up of the solid in the rotary dryer results in better exposure of the solids to the gas (B) The 'Hatta number' is important in problems involving gas absorption without chemical reaction (C) For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both components is linear in the case of steady state equimolal counter-diffusion (D) Total reflux in case of distillation operation requires infinite number of plates for a binary system separation

Description : Pick out the correct statement. (A) Higher hold up of the solid in the rotary dryer results in better exposure of the solids to the gas (B) The 'Hatta number' is ... reflux in case of distillation operation requires infinite number of plates for a binary system separation

Last Answer : (C) For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both components is linear in the case of steady state equimolal counter-diffusion

Steady state equimolal counter diffusion is encountered in (A) Separation of a binary mixture by distillation (B) Absorption of NH3 from air by water (C) All liquid-liquid diffusion systems (D) All liquid-solid diffusion systems

Description : Steady state equimolal counter diffusion is encountered in (A) Separation of a binary mixture by distillation (B) Absorption of NH3 from air by water (C) All liquid-liquid diffusion systems (D) All liquid-solid diffusion systems

Last Answer : (A) Separation of a binary mixture by distillation

Separation of two volatile liquids by distillation makes use of their (A) Selectivity (B) Relative volatility (C) Solubility (D) Density difference

Description : Separation of two volatile liquids by distillation makes use of their (A) Selectivity (B) Relative volatility (C) Solubility (D) Density difference

Last Answer : (B) Relative volatility

When the mixture to be distilled has a very high boiling point and the product material is heat sensitive, the separation technique to be used is __________ distillation. (A) Continuous (B) Steam (C) Azeotropic (D) None of these

Description : When the mixture to be distilled has a very high boiling point and the product material is heat sensitive, the separation technique to be used is __________ distillation. (A) Continuous (B) Steam (C) Azeotropic (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Steam

Steam distillation is used to (A) Reduce the number of plates (B) Avoid thermal decomposition of a component (C) Increase the efficiency of separation (D) Increase the total pressure of distillation

Description : Steam distillation is used to (A) Reduce the number of plates (B) Avoid thermal decomposition of a component (C) Increase the efficiency of separation (D) Increase the total pressure of distillation

Last Answer : (B) Avoid thermal decomposition of a component

Give any two applications of simple distillation.Describe method of separation of two immiscible liquids.

Description : Give any two applications of simple distillation.Describe method of separation of two immiscible liquids.

Last Answer : Applications of simple distillation(0.5 2) 1) Preparation of distilled water and water for injection. 2)Recovery of alcohol in preparation of dry extracts 3)Many volatile oils and ... proportion The distillate can be collected in Florentine receiver for separation of oil & water.

Air gap membrane distillation

Description : Air gap membrane distillation

Last Answer : Air gap membrane distillation: Construction and working: Membrane distillation is a process in which two liquids or solutions at different temperatures are separated by a porous membrane. The ... is condensed and collected through a permeate collection tube at the bottom of the gap. 

Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of 1. hydrogenation 2. distillation 3. crystallisation 4. reduction The correct processes are: (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

Description : Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of 1. hydrogenation 2. distillation 3. crystallisation 4. reduction The correct processes are: (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

The process used in the desalination of sea water is (a) osmosis (b) reverse osmosis (c) electrophoresis (d) distillation

Description : The process used in the desalination of sea water is (a) osmosis (b) reverse osmosis (c) electrophoresis (d) distillation

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Consider the following processes: 1. Evaporation 2. Fractional distillation 3. Distillation 4. Filtration The process(es) involved in the refining of crude oil is/ are: (a) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 only (d) 1 only

Description : Consider the following processes: 1. Evaporation 2. Fractional distillation 3. Distillation 4. Filtration The process(es) involved in the refining of crude oil is/ are: (a) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 only (d) 1 only

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Camphor can easily be purified by the process of (a) Sublimation (b) Distillation (c) Crystallisation (d) Sedimentation

Description : Camphor can easily be purified by the process of (a) Sublimation (b) Distillation (c) Crystallisation (d) Sedimentation

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of – (1) oxidation (2) hydrogenation (3) distillation (4) crystalisation

Description : Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of – (1) oxidation (2) hydrogenation (3) distillation (4) crystalisation

Last Answer : (2) hydrogenation Explanation: An example of an alkene addition reaction is a process called hydrogenation. In a hydrogenation reaction, two hydrogen atoms are added across the double bond of an alkene, resulting in a saturated alkane.

Cooking oil can be converted into vegetables ghee by the process of – (1) Oxidation (2) Hydrogenation (3) Distillation (4) Crystallization

Description : Cooking oil can be converted into vegetables ghee by the process of – (1) Oxidation (2) Hydrogenation (3) Distillation (4) Crystallization

Last Answer : (2) Hydrogenation Explanation: Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction - widely used in the processing of cooking oils and fats - that turns unsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones.

Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of (1) oxidation (2) hydrogenation (3) distillation (4) crystalisation

Description : Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by the process of (1) oxidation (2) hydrogenation (3) distillation (4) crystalisation

Last Answer : (2) hydrogenation Explanation: An example of an alkene addition reaction is a process called hydrogenation. In a hydrogenation reaction, two hydrogen atoms are added across the double bond of an alkene, resulting in a saturated alkane.

The manufacturing of iron from ironore involves the process of - (1) Oxidation (2) Reduction (3) Electrolysis (4) Fractional distillation

Description : The manufacturing of iron from ironore involves the process of - (1) Oxidation (2) Reduction (3) Electrolysis (4) Fractional distillation

Last Answer : (2) Reduction Explanation: Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace. Iron ores such as hematite contain iron oxide. The oxygen must be removed from the iron oxide to leave the iron behind. Reactions in which oxygen is removed are called reduction reactions.

The manufacture of iron from iron ore involves the process of – (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) fractional distillation (4) electrolysis

Description : The manufacture of iron from iron ore involves the process of – (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) fractional distillation (4) electrolysis

Last Answer : (2) reduction Explanation: The manufacture of iron ore involves the process of reduction. Important ores of iron : Haematite, Magnetite.

Sea water can be purified by the process of – (1) distillation (2) evaporation (3) filtration (4) fractional distillation

Description : Sea water can be purified by the process of – (1) distillation (2) evaporation (3) filtration (4) fractional distillation

Last Answer : (1) distillation Explanation: The traditional process used in desalination operations is vacuum distillation- essentially the boiling of water at less than atmospheric pressure and thus a much ... when the vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure and vapor pressure increases with temperature.

_______ is the process in which acids and bases react to form salts and water. (1) Neutralization (2) Electrolysis (3) Distillation (4) Hydrolysis

Description : _______ is the process in which acids and bases react to form salts and water. (1) Neutralization (2) Electrolysis (3) Distillation (4) Hydrolysis

Last Answer : (1) Neutralization Explanation: Neutralization is a process when acids and bases react to form salt and water.

The elements extracted through the process of distillation?

Description : The elements extracted through the process of distillation?

Last Answer : Zinc and Mercury

For the same process conditions, the reflux ratio of an unlagged distillation column (A) Decreases in winter (B) Increases in winter (C) Increases in summer (D) None of these

Description : For the same process conditions, the reflux ratio of an unlagged distillation column (A) Decreases in winter (B) Increases in winter (C) Increases in summer (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Increases in winter

Under what conditions can the process of steam distillation is used?

Description : Under what conditions can the process of steam distillation is used?

Last Answer : Steam distillation is used to purify the liquids which are steam volatile and insoluble in water and the liquids are not miscible with each other.

For a binary mixture distillation process, the degree of freedom is 2. However, if the pressure is fixed in this process, the number of independent variables in this process will be (A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 3

Description : For a binary mixture distillation process, the degree of freedom is 2. However, if the pressure is fixed in this process, the number of independent variables in this process will be (A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 3

Last Answer : (A) 1

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) In case of heat transfer by purely forced convection, GR /Re 2 ≤ 1 (B) The equivalent diameter of heat transfer for a duct of square cross￾section (having each side as 'x') is equal to 4x (C) Distillation process is not the same as evaporation (D) The effectiveness of nucleate boiling depends basically on the ease with which the bubbles are formed and detached from the heating surface

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) In case of heat transfer by purely forced convection, GR /Re 2 ≤ 1 (B) The equivalent diameter of heat transfer for a duct of ... nucleate boiling depends basically on the ease with which the bubbles are formed and detached from the heating surface

Last Answer : (B) The equivalent diameter of heat transfer for a duct of square cross￾section (having each side as 'x') is equal to 4x

The process used for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol from molasses is (A) Distillation (B) Dehydration (C) Dehydrogenation (D) None of these

Description : The process used for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol from molasses is (A) Distillation (B) Dehydration (C) Dehydrogenation (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

A 'unit process' is exemplified by the (A) Distillation (B) Hydrogenation of oils (C) Absorption (D) Humidification

Description : A 'unit process' is exemplified by the (A) Distillation (B) Hydrogenation of oils (C) Absorption (D) Humidification

Last Answer : (B) Hydrogenation of oils

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Chamber process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of concentration < 80% (B) Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of concentration ≥ 98% (C) 75% oleum can be produced by distillation of 20% oleum (D) Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture uses nickel as the catalyst

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Chamber process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of concentration < 80% (B) Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of ... of 20% oleum (D) Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture uses nickel as the catalyst

Last Answer : (D) Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture uses nickel as the catalyst

Cost of piping in a fluid processing unit (e.g., distillation) of a chemical process plant is about __________ percent of the fixed capital investment. (A) 4 (B) 13 (C) 22 (D) 34

Description : Cost of piping in a fluid processing unit (e.g., distillation) of a chemical process plant is about __________ percent of the fixed capital investment. (A) 4 (B) 13 (C) 22 (D) 34

Last Answer : (B) 13

The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and recondensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and recondensed, and so on until all the available liquid fuels are separately recovered in the sequence of their boiling points. Such a process is called  A. cracking  B. carbonisation  C. fractional distillation  D. full distillation

Description : The distillation carried out in such a way that the liquid with the lowest boiling point is first evaporated and recondensed, then the liquid with the next higher boiling point is then evaporated and ... is called  A. cracking  B. carbonisation  C. fractional distillation  D. full distillation

Last Answer : Answer: C

The process of a solid converting directly into a gas is called: w) fusion x) sublimation y) condensation z) distillation

Description : The process of a solid converting directly into a gas is called: w) fusion x) sublimation y) condensation z) distillation

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- SUBLIMATION 

When petroleum is refined it is subject to a number of processes including cracking. During the cracking process w) lighter hydrocarbons are combined to form heavier ones x) heavy hydrocarbons are broken up into lighter ones y) lighter hydrocarbons are separated by distillation z) oxygen is used to burn the heavier hydrocarbons

Description : When petroleum is refined it is subject to a number of processes including cracking. During the cracking process w) lighter hydrocarbons are combined to form heavier ones x) heavy hydrocarbons ... lighter hydrocarbons are separated by distillation z) oxygen is used to burn the heavier hydrocarbons

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- HEAVY HYDROCARBONS ARE BROKEN UP INTO LIGHTER ONES

The manufacturing of iron from ironore involves the process of (1) Oxidation (2) Reduction (3) Electrolysis (4) Fractional distillation

Description : The manufacturing of iron from ironore involves the process of (1) Oxidation (2) Reduction (3) Electrolysis (4) Fractional distillation

Last Answer : Reduction

The manufacture of iron from iron ore involves the process of (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) fractional distillation (4) electrolysis

Description : The manufacture of iron from iron ore involves the process of (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) fractional distillation (4) electrolysis

Last Answer : reduction

Sea water can be purified by the process of (1) distillation (2) evaporation (3) filtration (4) fractional distillation

Description : Sea water can be purified by the process of (1) distillation (2) evaporation (3) filtration (4) fractional distillation

Last Answer : distillation