(1) France Explanation: Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. The continental territory covers 30,627 km2 and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. The region is bordered along the northern coasts by the English Channel. There are granite cliffs in the west and limestone cliffs in the east. There are also long stretches of beach in the centre of the region. During the Second World War, the D-Day landings on the Normandy beaches under the code name Operation Neptune, started the lengthy Battle of Normandy which resulted in the Liberation of Paris, the restoration of the French Republic, and was a significant turning point in the war.