Muscarinic cholinergic receptors (a) Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells (b) Mediate responses by opening an instrinsic Na+ ion channel (c) Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply (d) Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors (a) Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells (b) Mediate responses by opening an instrinsic Na+ ion channel (c) Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply (d) Predominate in the autonomic ganglia
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Ans: C
by
selected by

Related questions

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Description : Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Last Answer : C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Description : Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Last Answer : C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply

The major postjunctional cholinergic receptor is of the muscarinic type at the following site: A. Postganglionic parasympathetic B. Adrenal medulla C. Autonomic ganglia D. Neuromuscular junction

Description : The major postjunctional cholinergic receptor is of the muscarinic type at the following site: A. Postganglionic parasympathetic B. Adrenal medulla C. Autonomic ganglia D. Neuromuscular junction

Last Answer : A. Postganglionic parasympathetic

The major postjunctional cholinergic receptor is of the muscarinic type at the following site: A. Postganglionic parasympathetic B. Adrenal medulla C. Autonomic ganglia D. Neuromuscular junction

Description : The major postjunctional cholinergic receptor is of the muscarinic type at the following site: A. Postganglionic parasympathetic B. Adrenal medulla C. Autonomic ganglia D. Neuromuscular junction

Last Answer : A. Postganglionic parasympathetic

The following are true about acetylcholine receptors: a. receptors at all autonomic ganglia are nicotinic b. receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are muscarinic c. acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia can be selectively blocked by atropine d. acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Description : The following are true about acetylcholine receptors: a. receptors at all autonomic ganglia are nicotinic b. receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are muscarinic c. ... atropine d. acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Last Answer : acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Initial bradycardia caused by intramuscular injection of atropine is believed to be caused by: A. Stimulation of medullary vagal centre B. Stimulation of vagal ganglia C. Blockade of M2 receptors on SA nodal cells D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Description : Initial bradycardia caused by intramuscular injection of atropine is believed to be caused by: A. Stimulation of medullary vagal centre B. Stimulation of vagal ganglia C. Blockade of M2 receptors on SA nodal cells D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Last Answer : D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Initial bradycardia caused by intramuscular injection of atropine is believed to be caused by: A. Stimulation of medullary vagal centre B. Stimulation of vagal ganglia C. Blockade of M2 receptors on SA nodal cells D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Description : Initial bradycardia caused by intramuscular injection of atropine is believed to be caused by: A. Stimulation of medullary vagal centre B. Stimulation of vagal ganglia C. Blockade of M2 receptors on SA nodal cells D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Last Answer : D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings

Drugs that block the a receptor on effector cells at adrenergic nerve endings (a) Antagonize the effects of isoproterenol on the heart rate (b) Antagonize some of the effects of epinephrine on the blood pressure (c) Antagonize the effects of epinephrine on adenylyl cyclase (d) Cause mydriasis (e) Decreases blood glucose levels

Description : Drugs that block the a receptor on effector cells at adrenergic nerve endings (a) Antagonize the effects of isoproterenol on the heart rate (b) Antagonize some of the effects of epinephrine on ... the effects of epinephrine on adenylyl cyclase (d) Cause mydriasis (e) Decreases blood glucose levels

Last Answer : Ans: B

The cardiac muscarinic receptors (a) Are of the M1 subtype (b) Are of the M2 subtype (c) Are selectively blocked by pirenzepine (d) Function through the PIP2 ? IP3/DAG pathway

Description : The cardiac muscarinic receptors (a) Are of the M1 subtype (b) Are of the M2 subtype (c) Are selectively blocked by pirenzepine (d) Function through the PIP2 ? IP3/DAG pathway

Last Answer : Ans: B

Oxytremorine is a selective agonist of muscarinic _______ receptors (a) M1 (b) M2 (c) M3 (d) M4

Description : Oxytremorine is a selective agonist of muscarinic _______ receptors (a) M1 (b) M2 (c) M3 (d) M4

Last Answer : Ans: A

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of scopolamine ? (a) Irreversible antagonist at nicotinic receptors (b) Irreversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors (c) Physiologic antagonist at muscarinic receptors (d) Reversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors (e) Reversible antagonist at nicotinic receptors

Description : Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of scopolamine ? (a) Irreversible antagonist at nicotinic receptors (b) Irreversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors (c) ... receptors (d) Reversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors (e) Reversible antagonist at nicotinic receptors

Last Answer : Ans: D

Which of the following is a vasodilator drug used for hypertension that lacks a direct effect on autonomic receptors but may provoke anginal attacks? (a) Amyl nitrite (b) Hydralazine (c) Isosorbide mononitrate (d) Nifedipine (e) Nimodipine

Description : Which of the following is a vasodilator drug used for hypertension that lacks a direct effect on autonomic receptors but may provoke anginal attacks? (a) Amyl nitrite (b) Hydralazine (c) Isosorbide mononitrate (d) Nifedipine (e) Nimodipine

Last Answer : Ans: B

Which of the following organs is innervated only by parasympathetic nerves ? (a) Iris muscles (b) Ciliary muscle (c) Sweat glands (d) Splenic capsule

Description : Which of the following organs is innervated only by parasympathetic nerves ? (a) Iris muscles (b) Ciliary muscle (c) Sweat glands (d) Splenic capsule

Last Answer : Ans: B

a2–adrenergic receptors are associated with following except (a) Increase in phospholipase C activity (b) Increase in potassium channel conductance (c) Decrease in calcium channel conductance (d) Increase in adenylyl cyclase activity

Description : a2–adrenergic receptors are associated with following except (a) Increase in phospholipase C activity (b) Increase in potassium channel conductance (c) Decrease in calcium channel conductance (d) Increase in adenylyl cyclase activity

Last Answer : Ans: D

With regard to the autonomic nervous system: a. the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves b. the preganglionic sympathetic fibres are usually longer than preganglionic parasympathetic fibres c. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors

Description : With regard to the autonomic nervous system: a. the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves b. the preganglionic sympathetic fibres ... the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors

Last Answer : the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves

The autonomic nervous system is also known as (a) Visceral (b) Vegetative (c) Involuntary nervous system (d) All of the above

Description : The autonomic nervous system is also known as (a) Visceral (b) Vegetative (c) Involuntary nervous system (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: C

Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules for release after receptor mediated signaling b. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins c. Eicosanoids generally have a plasma half-life measured in hours d. Physiologic responses to eicosanoids include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition

Description : Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules ... include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition

Last Answer : Answer: b, d The eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid) and consist of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins. The eicosanoids are not ... nervous system d. Mononuclear phagocytes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors

Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as in maximal exercise, can produce all of the following responses except (a) Bronchial relaxation (b) Decreases intestinal motility (c) Increased renal blood flow (d) Mydriasis (e) Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Description : Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as in maximal exercise, can produce all of the following responses except (a) Bronchial relaxation (b) Decreases intestinal motility (c) Increased renal blood flow (d) Mydriasis (e) Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Last Answer : Ans: C

Select the action of vasopressin exerted through the V1 subtype receptors: A. Release of coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrands factor from vascular endothelium B. Increased peristalsis of gut C. Dilatation of blood vessels D. Increased water permeability of renal collecting ducts

Description : Select the action of vasopressin exerted through the V1 subtype receptors: A. Release of coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrands factor from vascular endothelium B. Increased peristalsis of gut C. Dilatation of blood vessels D. Increased water permeability of renal collecting ducts

Last Answer : B. Increased peristalsis of gut

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

Afferent nerve fibres carry impulses from (a) effector organs to CNS(b) receptors to CNS (c) CNS to receptors (d) CNS to muscles.

Description : Afferent nerve fibres carry impulses from (a) effector organs to CNS (b) receptors to CNS (c) CNS to receptors (d) CNS to muscles.

Last Answer : (b) receptors to CNS

Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings (a) By depolarizing the axonal membrane (b) By mobilizing Ca2+ (c) By a nonexocytotic process (d) Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Description : Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings (a) By depolarizing the axonal membrane (b) By mobilizing Ca2+ (c) By a nonexocytotic process (d) Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : Ans: C

Phenylephrine (a) Mimics the transmitter at post-synaptic receptors (b) Displaces transmitter from axonal terminal (c) Inhibits synthesis of transmitter (d) None of the above

Description : Phenylephrine (a) Mimics the transmitter at post-synaptic receptors (b) Displaces transmitter from axonal terminal (c) Inhibits synthesis of transmitter (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that (a) It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors (b) It does not activate adrenergic ß receptors (c) It causes pronounced tachycardia (d) It has good blood-brain barrier penetrability

Description : Dobutamine differs from dopamine in that (a) It does not activate peripheral dopaminergic receptors (b) It does not activate adrenergic ß receptors (c) It causes pronounced tachycardia (d) It has good blood-brain barrier penetrability

Last Answer : Ans: A

a1 – receptors are coupled with _______ G protein. (a) Gs (b) Gi (c) Gq (d) Go

Description : a1 – receptors are coupled with _______ G protein. (a) Gs (b) Gi (c) Gq (d) Go

Last Answer : Ans: C

Yohimbine is an antagonist of ______ receptors. (a) a1 (b) a2 (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Description : Yohimbine is an antagonist of ______ receptors. (a) a1 (b) a2 (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: B

Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP (c) Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate (d) Metabolites of Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager’s disease

Description : Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP ... Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager's disease

Last Answer : Ans: C

Following is an antagonist of ganglion type nicotinic receptors (a) Tubercurarine (b) a-bungarotoxin (c) Trimethaphan (d) All of the above

Description : Following is an antagonist of ganglion type nicotinic receptors (a) Tubercurarine (b) a-bungarotoxin (c) Trimethaphan (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: C

Denervation super-sensitivity includes (a) Proliferation of receptors (b) Loss of mechanism for transmitter removal (c) Increased post-junctional responsiveness (d) All of the above

Description : Denervation super-sensitivity includes (a) Proliferation of receptors (b) Loss of mechanism for transmitter removal (c) Increased post-junctional responsiveness (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed (a) Cutaneous (b) Mucosal (c) Renal (d) Skeletal muscle

Description : Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed (a) Cutaneous (b) Mucosal (c) Renal (d) Skeletal muscle

Last Answer : Ans: D

Second messengers a. are substances that interact with first messengers inside cells b. are substances that bind to first messengers in the cell membrane c. are hormones secreted by cells in response to stimulation by another hormone d. mediate the intracellular responses to many different hormonesand neurotransmitters e. are not formed in the brain

Description : Second messengers a. are substances that interact with first messengers inside cells b. are substances that bind to first messengers in the cell membrane c. are hormones secreted by cells ... the intracellular responses to many different hormonesand neurotransmitters e. are not formed in the brain

Last Answer : mediate the intracellular responses to many different hormonesand neurotransmitters

A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is (a) Ephedrine (b) Dopamine (c) Isoprenaline (d) Tyramine

Description : A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is (a) Ephedrine (b) Dopamine (c) Isoprenaline (d) Tyramine

Last Answer : Ans: D

Action of norepinephrine and epinephrine are terminated by (a) Reuptake into nerve terminal (b) Dilution by diffusion and uptake at extraneuronal site (c) Metabolic transformation (d) All of the above

Description : Action of norepinephrine and epinephrine are terminated by (a) Reuptake into nerve terminal (b) Dilution by diffusion and uptake at extraneuronal site (c) Metabolic transformation (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

At the muscle end-plate, d-tubocurarine reduces the: A. Number of Na+ channels B. Duration for which the Na+ channels remain open C. Ion conductance of the open Na+ channel D. Frequency of Na+ channel opening

Description : At the muscle end-plate, d-tubocurarine reduces the: A. Number of Na+ channels B. Duration for which the Na+ channels remain open C. Ion conductance of the open Na+ channel D. Frequency of Na+ channel opening

Last Answer : D. Frequency of Na+ channel opening

The following are true about the autonomic nervous system: a. the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated b. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic c. the preganglionic neurones of the sympathetic nervous system are shorter than the parasympathetic nervous system d. the parasympathetic outflow is only found in the cranial nerves

Description : The following are true about the autonomic nervous system: a. the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated b. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic c. the preganglionic neurones of ... parasympathetic nervous system d. the parasympathetic outflow is only found in the cranial nerves

Last Answer : the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated

Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects except: A. Sweating B. Rise in blood pressure C. Bradycardia D. Urination

Description : Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects except: A. Sweating B. Rise in blood pressure C. Bradycardia D. Urination

Last Answer : B. Rise in blood pressure

Which of the following is a G protein coupled receptor: A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor B. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor C. Glucocorticoid receptor D. Insulin receptor

Description : Which of the following is a G protein coupled receptor: A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor B. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor C. Glucocorticoid receptor D. Insulin receptor

Last Answer : A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor

Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects except: A. Sweating B. Rise in blood pressure C. Bradycardia D. Urination

Description : Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects except: A. Sweating B. Rise in blood pressure C. Bradycardia D. Urination

Last Answer : B. Rise in blood pressure

Which of the following is a G protein coupled receptor: A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor B. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor C. Glucocorticoid receptor D. Insulin receptor

Description : Which of the following is a G protein coupled receptor: A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor B. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor C. Glucocorticoid receptor D. Insulin receptor

Last Answer : A. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor

The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Description : The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Last Answer : acetylcholine

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the neuroendocrine responses to shock? a. Sympathetic nerve endings release epinephrine which is responsible for greater than 80% of systemic vascular resistance b. Endogenous epinephrine is the primary contributor to systemic vascular resistance c. Increased pancreatic secretion of glucagon contributes to glucose intolerance associated with injury and sepsis d. The renin-angiotensin axis further augments the sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the neuroendocrine responses to shock? a. Sympathetic nerve endings release epinephrine which is responsible for greater than 80% ... injury and sepsis d. The renin-angiotensin axis further augments the sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The neuroendocrine response to shock attempts to achieve restoration of effective blood volume, mobilization of metabolic substrates, and maintenance of central ... . Angiotensin II is an extremely effective vasoconstrictor that further augments sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

The following are true about the autonomic nervous system: a. the preganglionic fibres are mainly myelinated, slow conducting B fibres b. the postganglionic fibres are mainly unmyelinated C fibres c. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic neurons d. all above

Description : The following are true about the autonomic nervous system: a. the preganglionic fibres are mainly myelinated, slow conducting B fibres b. the postganglionic fibres are mainly unmyelinated C fibres c. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic neurons d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Description : Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Last Answer : C. Serotonergic 5-HT4

Tyrosine kinase activity is present in (A) α-Adrenergic receptors (B) β-Adrenergic receptors (C) Cholinergic receptors (D) Insulin receptors

Description : Tyrosine kinase activity is present in (A) α-Adrenergic receptors (B) β-Adrenergic receptors (C) Cholinergic receptors (D) Insulin receptors

Last Answer : Answer : D

Select the correct option with respect to cockroaches. (a) Malpighian tubules convert nitrogenous wastes into urea. (b) Males bear short anal styles not present in females. (c) Nervous system comprises of a dorsal nerve cord and ten pairs of ganglia. (d) The forewings are tegmina which are used in fligh

Description : Select the correct option with respect to cockroaches. (a) Malpighian tubules convert nitrogenous wastes into urea. (b) Males bear short anal styles not present in females. (c) Nervous system comprises of a ... cord and ten pairs of ganglia. (d) The forewings are tegmina which are used in fligh

Last Answer : (b) Males bear short anal styles not present in females

Methyldopa lowers BP by: A. Inhibiting dopa decarboxylase in adrenergic nerve endings B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone C. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline which acts as a false transmitter in peripheral adrenergic nerve endings D. Activating vascular dopamine receptors

Description : Methyldopa lowers BP by: A. Inhibiting dopa decarboxylase in adrenergic nerve endings B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone C. Generating α-methyl ... as a false transmitter in peripheral adrenergic nerve endings D. Activating vascular dopamine receptors

Last Answer : B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone

Rapid intravenous injection of clonidine causes rise in BP due to: A. Stimulation of vasomotor centre B. Release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors D. Cardiac stimulation

Description : Rapid intravenous injection of clonidine causes rise in BP due to: A. Stimulation of vasomotor centre B. Release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors D. Cardiac stimulation

Last Answer : C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors