Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Ca++ (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Na+ and K+

Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Ca++ (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Na+ and K+
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Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptors in brain increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Cl– (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Ca++

Description : Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptors in brain increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Cl– (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Ca++

Last Answer : Answer : A

The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited c. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ d. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Description : The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+ ... the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Last Answer : is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+

The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of acetylcholine released from motor nerve endings to a wider area activating neighbouring receptors C. Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Description : The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of ... Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of acetylcholine released from motor nerve endings to a wider area activating neighbouring receptors C. Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Description : The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of ... Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Description : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Last Answer : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Description : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

Last Answer : At resting stage permeability of `K^(+)` ion is more comparatively `Na^(+)` ion through axonal membrane

The only correct statement about hormone receptors is (A) Receptors for protein hormones are present in cytosol (B) Receptors for steroid hormones are membrane bound (C) Hormone-receptor binding is irreversible (D) Receptors can undergo down regulation and up regulatoin

Description : The only correct statement about hormone receptors is (A) Receptors for protein hormones are present in cytosol (B) Receptors for steroid hormones are membrane bound (C) Hormone-receptor binding is irreversible (D) Receptors can undergo down regulation and up regulatoin

Last Answer : Answer : D

How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities? (a) Using aquaporin channels ‘as second messenger’ (b) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane (c) Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex (d) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane

Description : How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities? (a) Using aquaporin channels ‘as second messenger’ (b) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane (c) Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex (d) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane

Last Answer : (c) Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex

Most hormone receptors are localized on the cell membrane and transduce hormone binding into altered levels of intracellular messengers. A limited number of intracellular receptors do exist. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning intracellular receptors? a. The messengers or hormones must by lipophilic b. These intracellular receptors generally regulate protein synthesis c. The intracellular receptors are located entirely in the nucleus of the cell d. A heat-shock protein serves as an inhibitor protein blocking the DNA-binding domain of the steroid receptor

Description : Most hormone receptors are localized on the cell membrane and transduce hormone binding into altered levels of intracellular messengers. A limited number of intracellular receptors do exist. Which of ... protein serves as an inhibitor protein blocking the DNA-binding domain of the steroid receptor

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Although most hormone and other messenger receptors are extracellular, intracellular receptors have been identified. The hormone messengers involved for these receptors are primarily ... DNA-binding domain of the receptor. Activation involves the dissociation of the inhibitor protein

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning cell membrane receptors? a. The largest family of cell surface receptors are the G-protein-linked receptors b. Activities of the G-protein involve binding and hydrolysis of ATP c. The G protein receptor generates an intracellular messenger commonly through the use adenylate cyclase d. Tyrosine kinase receptors are considered G-protein-linked receptors

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning cell membrane receptors? a. The largest family of cell surface receptors are the G-protein-linked receptors b. Activities of the ... through the use adenylate cyclase d. Tyrosine kinase receptors are considered G-protein-linked receptors

Last Answer : Answer: a, c All water-soluble regulatory molecules bind to the cell surface receptor proteins. Binding of the appropriate ligand evokes an intracellular signal which usually regulates ... are adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP, and the polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

Binding of thyroxine to its receptors (A) Activates Adenylate cyclase (B) Activates guanylate cyclase (C) Activates a stimulatory G-protein (D) Increases transcription

Description : Binding of thyroxine to its receptors (A) Activates Adenylate cyclase (B) Activates guanylate cyclase (C) Activates a stimulatory G-protein (D) Increases transcription

Last Answer : Answer : D

Binding of catecholamines to α2− adrenergic receptors (A) Increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (B) Increases the intracellular concentration of cGMP (C) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (D) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cGMP

Description : Binding of catecholamines to α2− adrenergic receptors (A) Increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (B) Increases the intracellular concentration of cGMP (C) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (D) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cGMP

Last Answer : Answer : C

The primary mechanism underlying the resistance of gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics is (a) Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit (b) Formation of esterases that hydrolyze the lactone ring (c) Increased activity of efflux mechanisms (d) Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltranferases (e) Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane

Description : The primary mechanism underlying the resistance of gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics is (a) Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit (b) Formation of ... ) Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltranferases (e) Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane

Last Answer : Ans: A

Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in the renal collecting duct cells by: A. Inducing synthesis of Na+K+ATPase B. Inducing synthesis of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels C. Translocating Na+ channels from cytosolic site to luminal membrane D. All of the above

Description : Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in the renal collecting duct cells by: A. Inducing synthesis of Na+K+ATPase B. Inducing synthesis of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels C. Translocating Na+ channels from cytosolic site to luminal membrane D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

With regard to the autonomic nervous system: a. the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves b. the preganglionic sympathetic fibres are usually longer than preganglionic parasympathetic fibres c. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors

Description : With regard to the autonomic nervous system: a. the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves b. the preganglionic sympathetic fibres ... the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors

Last Answer : the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves

Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Description : Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Last Answer : D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Na+/K+-ATPase along with ATP requires (A) Ca (B) Mn (C) Mg (D) Cl

Description : Na+/K+-ATPase along with ATP requires (A) Ca (B) Mn (C) Mg (D) Cl

Last Answer : Answer : C

The predominant cation of plasma is (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca+ (D) Mg++

Description : The predominant cation of plasma is (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca+ (D) Mg++

Last Answer : Answer : A

NH+ 4 aminates glutamate to form glutamine requiring ATP and (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca++ (D) Mg++

Description : NH+ 4 aminates glutamate to form glutamine requiring ATP and (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca++ (D) Mg++

Last Answer : Answer : D

The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase requires (A) Mg++ (B) Ca++ (C) Na+ (D) K+

Description : The enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase requires (A) Mg++ (B) Ca++ (C) Na+ (D) K+

Last Answer : Answer : A

Renin converts casein to paracasein in presence of (A) Ca++ (B) Mg++ (C) Na+ (D) K+

Description : Renin converts casein to paracasein in presence of (A) Ca++ (B) Mg++ (C) Na+ (D) K+

Last Answer : Answer : A

Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2+ ions (D) By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Description : Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2 ... membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer : D

`Ca^(+2),IP_(3),C-AMP` etc. Are generated after binding of hormone on receptor present on membrane thus these are termed as

Description : `Ca^(+2),IP_(3),C-AMP` etc. Are generated after binding of hormone on receptor present on membrane thus these are termed as

Last Answer : `Ca^(+2),IP_(3),C-AMP` etc. Are generated after binding of hormone on receptor present on membrane thus these are termed as

The following is true of loperamide except: A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action B. It acts on the opioid receptors in the gut C. It increases tone and segmenting activity of the intestines D. It inhibits intestinal secretion by binding to calmodulin in the mucosal cells

Description : The following is true of loperamide except: A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action B. It acts on the opioid receptors in the gut C. It increases ... of the intestines D. It inhibits intestinal secretion by binding to calmodulin in the mucosal cells

Last Answer : A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Description : There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s ... transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The selectivity of the plasma membrane, although impressive, cannot account for the nonequilibrium composition of living cells. A cell can be maintained in a nonequilibrium state only by ... to drive the transport of a second species such as protons, calcium, amino acids, or glucose

The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Description : The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the ... the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Last Answer : is terminated by efflux of K+

Which ion is actively transported to the outside of cell membrane a. K b. Cl c. Na d. HCo3

Description : Which ion is actively transported to the outside of cell membrane a. K b. Cl c. Na d. HCo3

Last Answer : Na

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Description : In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Last Answer : c) Na+ into the cell

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane. (c) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell ... towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Last Answer : (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson.

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport (3) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by ... of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Last Answer : (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

The positive inotropic action of digoxin takes several hours to develop because: A. Binding of digoxin to Na+K+ATPase is slow B. After Na+K+ATPase inhibition by digoxin, Ca2+ loading of myocardial fibres occurs progressively with each contraction C. Digoxin inhibits Na+K+ATPase through modification of gene function which takes time D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correc

Description : The positive inotropic action of digoxin takes several hours to develop because: A. Binding of digoxin to Na+K+ATPase is slow B. After Na+K+ATPase inhibition by digoxin, Ca2+ loading of myocardial ... +ATPase through modification of gene function which takes time D. Both A' and B' are correc

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

What contain receptors for acetylcholine?

Description : What contain receptors for acetylcholine?

Last Answer : Need answer

In myasthenia gravis: a. the vertical muscles of the eye are more commonly involved than the horizontal muscles b. the pupil reaction to light is sluggish c. absent antibody to acetylcholine receptors exclude the diagnosis d. Cogan's twitch refers to involuntary twitching of the orbicularis

Description : In myasthenia gravis: a. the vertical muscles of the eye are more commonly involved than the horizontal muscles b. the pupil reaction to light is sluggish c. absent antibody to acetylcholine receptors exclude the diagnosis d. Cogan's twitch refers to involuntary twitching of the orbicularis

Last Answer : the vertical muscles of the eye are more commonly involved than the horizontal muscles

The following are true about acetylcholine: a. it has a strong affinity for nicotinic receptors b. is derived from acetyl CoA and choline c. is synthesized by a reaction involving choline acetyltransferase d. all above

Description : The following are true about acetylcholine: a. it has a strong affinity for nicotinic receptors b. is derived from acetyl CoA and choline c. is synthesized by a reaction involving choline acetyltransferase d. all above

Last Answer : all above

The following are true: a. heroin causes miosis by increasing the release of acetylcholine. b. botulinum toxin causes mydriasis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine c. phenylephrine causes mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors d. amphetamine causes mydriasis by inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake

Description : The following are true: a. heroin causes miosis by increasing the release of acetylcholine. b. botulinum toxin causes mydriasis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine c. ... mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors d. amphetamine causes mydriasis by inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake

Last Answer : phenylephrine causes mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors

The following are true about acetylcholine receptors: a. receptors at all autonomic ganglia are nicotinic b. receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are muscarinic c. acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia can be selectively blocked by atropine d. acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Description : The following are true about acetylcholine receptors: a. receptors at all autonomic ganglia are nicotinic b. receptors at the skeletal neuromuscular junction are muscarinic c. ... atropine d. acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Last Answer : acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction can be selectively blocked by tubocurarine

Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by Options: 1) Decrease in acetylcholine reserve in motor nerve terminal 2) Decrease in dopamine reserve in motor nerve terminal 3) Decrease in receptors for acetylcholine 4) Decrease in dopamine receptors

Description : Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by Options: 1) Decrease in acetylcholine reserve in motor nerve terminal 2) Decrease in dopamine reserve in motor nerve terminal 3) Decrease in receptors for acetylcholine 4) Decrease in dopamine receptors

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 3) Decrease in receptors for acetylcholine

Select the prokinetic-antiemetic drug which at relatively higher doses blocks both dopamine D2 as well as 5-HT3 receptors and enhances acetylcholine release from myenteric neurones: A. Cisapride B. Prochlorperazine C. Metoclopramide D. Domperidon

Description : Select the prokinetic-antiemetic drug which at relatively higher doses blocks both dopamine D2 as well as 5-HT3 receptors and enhances acetylcholine release from myenteric neurones: A. Cisapride B. Prochlorperazine C. Metoclopramide D. Domperidon

Last Answer : C. Metoclopramide

Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Description : Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Last Answer : C. Serotonergic 5-HT4

Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 blockers inhibit the proton pump in gastric mucosa C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa D. Histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Description : Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 ... acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Last Answer : C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa

All the following statements about ACTH are true except (A) It is a tropic hormone (B) Its target cells are located in adrenal cortex (C) Its receptors are located in the cell membrane (D) Its second messenger is inositol triphosphate

Description : All the following statements about ACTH are true except (A) It is a tropic hormone (B) Its target cells are located in adrenal cortex (C) Its receptors are located in the cell membrane (D) Its second messenger is inositol triphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Benzimidazoles work against parasites by A A. Binding with protein tubulin B. Mimicking acetylcholine C. Both D. None of above

Description : Benzimidazoles work against parasites by A A. Binding with protein tubulin B. Mimicking acetylcholine C. Both D. None of above

Last Answer : Binding with protein tubuli

SRP receptors involved in protein export are present on (A) Ribosomes (B) Endoplasmic reticulum (C) Golgi appartus (D) Cell membrane

Description : SRP receptors involved in protein export are present on (A) Ribosomes (B) Endoplasmic reticulum (C) Golgi appartus (D) Cell membrane

Last Answer : Answer : B

Receptors for thyroid hormones are present (A) On the cell membrane (B) Across the cell membrane (C) Inside the cells (D) In association with G-proteins

Description : Receptors for thyroid hormones are present (A) On the cell membrane (B) Across the cell membrane (C) Inside the cells (D) In association with G-proteins

Last Answer : Answer : C

Hormone receptors that stimulate cAMP production (A) are part of a complex of two proteins that transform the external signal into internal cAMP production (B) are proteins distinct and separate from those that catalyze the production of cAMP (C) cause release of the catalytic subunit upon binding of the hormone (D) are not very specific and bind a number of different hormones

Description : Hormone receptors that stimulate cAMP production (A) are part of a complex of two proteins that transform the external signal into internal cAMP production (B) are proteins distinct and separate from those ... binding of the hormone (D) are not very specific and bind a number of different hormones

Last Answer : Answer : B

Phosphoinositide cascade is activated on binding of catecholamines to (A) α1-Adrenergic receptors (B) α2-Adrenergic receptors (C) β1-Adrenergic receptors (D) β2-Adrenergic receptors

Description : Phosphoinositide cascade is activated on binding of catecholamines to (A) α1-Adrenergic receptors (B) α2-Adrenergic receptors (C) β1-Adrenergic receptors (D) β2-Adrenergic receptors

Last Answer : Answer : A

Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve impulse/junctional transmission by: A. Anticholinergic action B. Depleting acetylcholine C. Blocking Na+ channels D. Blocking Ca2+ channels

Description : Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve impulse/junctional transmission by: A. Anticholinergic action B. Depleting acetylcholine C. Blocking Na+ channels D. Blocking Ca2+ channels

Last Answer : C. Blocking Na+ channels