Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response
Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components
Description : Antibody diversity results from a. Apoptosis. b. Antigenic shift. c. Somatic recombination. d. Complement binding.
Last Answer : c. Somatic recombination.
Description : The following is true of abciximab except: A. It is a monoclonal antibody against GPIIb/IIIa B. It inhibits platelet aggregation induced by a variety of platelet agonists C. It is antigenic D. It is used to reduce the risk of restenosis in patients undergoing PTCA
Last Answer : C. It is antigenic
Description : In denaturation of proteins, the bond which is not broken: (A) Disulphide bond (B) Peptide bond (C) Hydrogen bond (D) Ionic bond
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Denaturation of proteins involves breakdown of (A) Secondary structure(B) Tertiary structure (C) Quarternary structure(D) All of these
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : The bond in proteins that is not broken under usual conditions of denaturation: (A) Hydrophobic bond (B) Hydrogen bond (C) Disulphide bond (D) Peptide bonds
Description : The bond in proteins that is not hydrolysed under usual conditions of denaturation: (A) Hydrophobic bond (B) Hydrogen bond (C) Disulphide bond (D) Peptide bonds
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : During denaturation of proteins, all of the following are disrupted except (A) Primary structure (B) Secondary structure (C) Tertiary structure (D) Quaternary structure
Description : Denaturation of proteins results in (A) Disruption of primary structure (B) Breakdown of peptide bonds (C) Destruction of hydrogen bonds (D) Irreversible changes in the molecule
Description : What are the usual agents that cause denaturation of proteins?
Last Answer : Brief heating, urea, X-ray, ultraviolet ray, high pressure, vigorous shaking.
Description : What is meant by denaturation in proteins? -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : Irreversible precipitation of proteins caused by heating is called : (a) Polymerisation (b) Denaturation (c) Electrophoresis (d) Inversion
Last Answer : Denaturation
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for ... detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Although the classic detection of infection based on clinical signs of infection and bacterial culture remain the most common clinical tools, increasing ... including CMV and HIV. Furthermore, preliminary investigations into possible detection of fungal pathogens are underway
Description : Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How is this antibody diversity generated? A- By rearrangements of the DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy ... proteins can physically change their shape to bind different epitopes D- Both (a) and (b)
Last Answer : Both (a) and (b)
Description : In case of severe denaturation of protein, there is (A) Reversible denaturation (B) Moderate reversible denaturation (C) Irreversible denaturation (D) None of these
Description : The disulphide bond is not broken under the usual conditions of (A) Filtration (B) Reduction (C) Oxidation (D) Denaturation
Description : In a protein molecule the disulphide bond is not broken by (A) Reduction (B) Oxidation (C) Denaturation (D) X-ray diffraction
Description : What are the features of denaturation?
Last Answer : Tungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, trichloro acetic acid, picric acid, sulphosalicylic acid and tannic acid are protein precipitating agents.
Description : Select the fibrinolytic drug(s) that is/are antigenic: A. Streptokinase B. Urokinase C. Alteplase D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Last Answer : A. Streptokinase
Description : Which one of the following is NOT true of exotoxins? a. They are proteins. b. They are part of cell wall structure. c. They are released from live bacterial cells. d. They trigger antibody production.
Last Answer : d. They trigger antibody production.
Description : A monoclonal antibody is specific for how many different proteins?
Last Answer : ANSWER: ONE
Description : Frequently employed materials for the adsorption chromatography of proteins include (A) High capacity supporting gel (B) Starch blocks (C) Calcium phosphate gel alumina gel and hydroxy apatite (D) All of these
Description : Effector functions of antigen antibody reaction
Last Answer : 1) As two or more Fc portions are required to stimulate effector functions so effector functions are carried out only by molecules with bound antigens and not with free Ig. 2) Fc region of ... chains are called isotypes. Five heavy chain isotypes and two light chain isotypes are present in humans.
Description : The best known and most frequently used test of the detoxicating functions of liver is (A) Hippuric acid test (B) Galactose tolerance test (C) Epinephrine tolerance test (D) Rose Bengal dye test
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Assertion : Antigen can be easily recognized because it has antigenic determinants Reason : The recognition ability is innate
Last Answer : Assertion : Antigen can be easily recognized because it has antigenic determinants Reason : The ... If both the assertion and reason are false
Description : What is antigenic shift?
Last Answer : influenza A viruses can trade genetic materials with the virusesof other species. Two different strains trade or merge material, aprocess known as an antigenic shift.
Description : Fibrinolytic therapy is based on activation of plasminogen, the inactive proteolytic enzyme of plasma that binds to fibrin during the formation of thrombosis. Activation of plasminogen to plasmin results ... TPA all exceed 30 minutes d. Streptokinase is significantly cheaper than urokinase or TPA
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d Streptokinase is a bacterial protein produced by group C b-hemolytic streptococci. It is therefore antigenic in humans and can be associated with allergic reaction in ... one agent over the other. Streptokinase however, is markedly less expensive than either urokinase or TPA
Description : Briefly , describe about the foreignness of a molecule, which makes a substance antigenic?
Last Answer : To be antigenic macromolecules must come from foreign source. Antigens from related species are less antigenic than that of unrelated species. More distance the antigen source the better is the antigenesity. ... good antigens in animals, where as duck serum proteins are not good antigens for chick.
Description : Briefly describe about dosage and route of administration , which make a substance antigenic.
Last Answer : Combination of optical dosage and routes of administration will induce a peak immune response in a given animal. An insufficient dose will not stimulate an immune response. An excessive dose ... it causes a state of immunological unresponsiveness or non-response known as immunological tolerance.
Description : What is antigenic specificity ?
Last Answer : Antigen antibody reaction is specific and specificity is determined by special configuration of antigenic determine.
Description : During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node? a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte ... cellular response reaches and couples with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.
Last Answer : a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate.
Description : Explain the term Denaturation. -Biology
Description : What is denaturation of enzymes? -Biology
Description : Denaturation of a protein is caused by (a) Heat (b) Acid (c) High salt concentration (d) All of the above
Last Answer : Ans:(d)
Description : Denaturation of a protein is caused by – (1) Heat (2) Acid (3) High salt concentration (4) All of the above
Last Answer : (4) All of the above Explanation: Denaturation of proteins involves the disruption and possible destruction of both the secondary and tertiary structures.
Description : The figure below shows three steps (A, B, C) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Select the option giving correct identification together with what it represents? A. B. C ds DNA 3 5 5 3 ... - extension in the presence of heat stable DNA polymerase (d) A - annealing with two sets of primers
Last Answer : (c) C - extension in the presence of heat stable DNA polymerase
Description : The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is (a) extension, denaturation, annealing (b) annealing, extension, denaturation (c) denaturation, extension, annealing (d) denaturation, annealing, extension.
Last Answer : (d) denaturation, annealing, extension.
Description : Which of the following protein structures does “denaturation” destroy? (a) primary and secondary structures (b) secondary and tertiary structures (c) tertiary and quaternary structures (d) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
Last Answer : secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
Description : Denaturation refers to the loss of the ______ structure of a ______ molecule. a. primary; carbohydrate b. molecular; fat c. secondary; starch d. tertiary; protein
Last Answer : d. tertiary; protein
Description : The pH scale relates the measure of _______ of a chemical substance. a. ionization b. denaturation c. acidity d. buffering
Last Answer : c. acidity
Description : What is the mode of action of autoclaving “Moist sterilisation”: A. Moist heat sterilization B. Protein denaturation
Last Answer : A. Moist heat sterilization
Description : The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is (1) Extension, Denaturation, Annealing (2) Annealing, Extension, Denaturation (3) Denaturation, Extension, Annealing (4) Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
Last Answer : (4) Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
Description : An antibody probe is used in (A) Southern blotting (B) Northern blotting (C) Western blotting (D) None of these
Description : The immunoglobulin associated with reginic antibody is (A) Ig E (B) Ig D (C) Ig M (D) Ig A
Description : Lymphocytes are responsible for the formation of (A) Serum (B) Plasma (C) Antibody (D) Calcium
Description : The half-life of antibody protein is about (A) 4 weeks (B) 3 weeks (C) 2 weeks (D) 1 week
Description : Reaginic antibody is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE
Description : On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE
Description : Antibody diversity arises from (A) Gene amplification (B) Gene re-arrangement (C) Alternative splicing (D) All of these
Description : The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit