Deficiency of urea cycle enzymes results into accumulation of citrulline argininosuccinate arginine in the liver resulting in increasing concentration of …….. in the blood. (A) Calcium (B) Sodium (C) Ammonia (D) Lipid

Deficiency of urea cycle enzymes results into accumulation of citrulline argininosuccinate arginine in the liver resulting in increasing concentration of …….. in the blood. (A) Calcium (B) Sodium (C) Ammonia (D) Lipid
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ATP is required in following reactions of urea cycle: (A) Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and citrulline (B) Synthesis of citrulline and argininosuccinate (C) Synthesis of argininosuccinate and arginine (D) Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and argininosuccinate

Description : ATP is required in following reactions of urea cycle: (A) Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and citrulline (B) Synthesis of citrulline and argininosuccinate (C) Synthesis of argininosuccinate and arginine (D) Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate and argininosuccinate

Last Answer : Answer : C

Conversion of ammonia to urea is done by (a) ornithine cycle (b) arginine cycle (c) fumaric cycle (d) citrulline cycle.

Description : Conversion of ammonia to urea is done by (a) ornithine cycle (b) arginine cycle (c) fumaric cycle (d) citrulline cycle.

Last Answer : (a) ornithine cycle

An amino acid not involved in urea cycle is (A) Arginine (B) Histidine (C) Ornithine (D) Citrulline

Description : An amino acid not involved in urea cycle is (A) Arginine (B) Histidine (C) Ornithine (D) Citrulline

Last Answer : Answer : B

Hyperargininemia, a defect in urea synthesis develops due to deficiency of the enzyme: (A) Ornithine transcarbamoylase (B) Argininosuccinase (C) Arginase (D) Argininosuccinate synthetase ENZYMES 157

Description : Hyperargininemia, a defect in urea synthesis develops due to deficiency of the enzyme: (A) Ornithine transcarbamoylase (B) Argininosuccinase (C) Arginase (D) Argininosuccinate synthetase ENZYMES 157

Last Answer : Answer : B

In urea synthesis, the amino acid functioning solely as an enzyme activator: (A) N-acetyl glutamate(B) Ornithine (C) Citrulline (D) Arginine

Description : In urea synthesis, the amino acid functioning solely as an enzyme activator: (A) N-acetyl glutamate(B) Ornithine (C) Citrulline (D) Arginine

Last Answer : Answer : A

Citrulline is an intermediate of (A) TCA cycle (B) Urea cycle (C) Pentose cycle (D) Calvin cycle

Description : Citrulline is an intermediate of (A) TCA cycle (B) Urea cycle (C) Pentose cycle (D) Calvin cycle

Last Answer : Answer : B

The metabolite which sustains urea cycle is (A) Ornithine (B) Citrulline (C) Carbamoyl phosphate (D) n-acetyl glutamate

Description : The metabolite which sustains urea cycle is (A) Ornithine (B) Citrulline (C) Carbamoyl phosphate (D) n-acetyl glutamate

Last Answer : Answer : C

The amino acid which contains a guanidine group is (A) Histidine (B) Arginine (C) Citrulline (D) Ornithine

Description : The amino acid which contains a guanidine group is (A) Histidine (B) Arginine (C) Citrulline (D) Ornithine

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial response to restore intravascular volume b. With larger volume hemorrhagic shock deterioration of normal cellular transmembrane potential occurs resulting in an increase in extracellular sodium and water c. The accumulation of anaerobic metabolites override normal homeostatic vasomotor tone and contribute to the maladaptive vasodilatation d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial ... d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Last Answer : Answer: c, d Moderate hypovolemia results in a relatively rapid spontaneous restitution of intravascular volume through expansion of the plasma space. This plasma expansion by ... potassium pump. Cellular dysfunction also appears to be related to abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis

The ornithine cycle removes two waste products from the blood in liver. These products are (a) CO2 and ammonia (b) ammonia and uric acid (c) CO2 and urea (d) ammonia and urea.

Description : The ornithine cycle removes two waste products from the blood in liver. These products are (a) CO2 and ammonia (b) ammonia and uric acid (c) CO2 and urea (d) ammonia and urea.

Last Answer : a) CO2 and ammonia

The following 4 amino acids are required for completion of urea cycle except (A) Aspartic acid (B) Arginine (C) Ornithine (D) Glycine

Description : The following 4 amino acids are required for completion of urea cycle except (A) Aspartic acid (B) Arginine (C) Ornithine (D) Glycine

Last Answer : Answer : D

The unwanted amino acids abstracted from the tissues are either used up by the tissue or in the liver converted into (A) Ammonia (B) Urea (C) Ammonium salts (D) Uric acid

Description : The unwanted amino acids abstracted from the tissues are either used up by the tissue or in the liver converted into (A) Ammonia (B) Urea (C) Ammonium salts (D) Uric acid

Last Answer : Answer : B

Cytosolic and mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthetase have the following similarity: (A) Both use ammonia as a substance (B) Both provide carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis (C) Both require N-acetylglutamate as an activator (D) Both are allosteric enzymes

Description : Cytosolic and mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthetase have the following similarity: (A) Both use ammonia as a substance (B) Both provide carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis (C) Both require N-acetylglutamate as an activator (D) Both are allosteric enzymes

Last Answer : Answer : C

Deficiency of biotin results in decrease in (A) Amino acid synthesis (B) Lipid synthesis (C) Kidney (D) Fatty acid synthesis

Description : Deficiency of biotin results in decrease in (A) Amino acid synthesis (B) Lipid synthesis (C) Kidney (D) Fatty acid synthesis

Last Answer : Answer : D

A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill. On examination her blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and her body mass index was 21.5 kg/m2 (18 - 25). Investigations sodium 135 mmol/l potassium 2.1 mmol/l bicarbonate 42 mmol/l urea 2.6 mol/L corrected calcium 2.08 mmol/ alkaline phosphatase 201 iu/l (50-110) What is the most likely diagnosis? 1) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Description : A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill ... ) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Last Answer : Answers-5 This patient has tooth erosion associated with hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis and hypocalcaemia. This suggests a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Conn's is unlikely in this age group, is ... raised alkaline phosphatase would not be expected. Early pregnancy would not fit this picture.

After operative removal of the parathyroid glands resulting into hypoparathyroidism the concentration of the serum calcium may drop below (A) 11 mg (B) 10 mg (C) 9 mg (D) 7 mg

Description : After operative removal of the parathyroid glands resulting into hypoparathyroidism the concentration of the serum calcium may drop below (A) 11 mg (B) 10 mg (C) 9 mg (D) 7 mg

Last Answer : Answer : D

Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP (c) Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate (d) Metabolites of Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager’s disease

Description : Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP ... Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager's disease

Last Answer : Ans: C

Oral neomycin is beneficial in hepatic coma because: A. In hepatic failure patients it is absorbed from the intestines B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria C. It reacts chemically with ammonia in the gut to prevent its diffusion into blood D. It induces ammonia detoxifying enzymes in the liver

Description : Oral neomycin is beneficial in hepatic coma because: A. In hepatic failure patients it is absorbed from the intestines B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria C. It reacts chemically with ... gut to prevent its diffusion into blood D. It induces ammonia detoxifying enzymes in the liver

Last Answer : B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria

Elevated blood argininosuccinate level is found in (A) Hyperargininemia (B) Argininosuccinic aciduria (C) Citrullinemia (D) Tyrosinosis

Description : Elevated blood argininosuccinate level is found in (A) Hyperargininemia (B) Argininosuccinic aciduria (C) Citrullinemia (D) Tyrosinosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

In ornithine cycle, which of the following wastes are removed from the blood? (a) CO2 and urea (b) Ammonia and urea (c) CO2 and ammonia (d) Urea and urine

Description : In ornithine cycle, which of the following wastes are removed from the blood? (a) CO2 and urea (b) Ammonia and urea (c) CO2 and ammonia (d) Urea and urine

Last Answer : (c) CO2 and ammonia

Synthesis of the following enzymes is increased during starvation. (A) Digestive enzymes (B) Gluconeogenic enzymes (C) Urea cycle enzymes (D) Glucokinase

Description : Synthesis of the following enzymes is increased during starvation. (A) Digestive enzymes (B) Gluconeogenic enzymes (C) Urea cycle enzymes (D) Glucokinase

Last Answer : Answer : B

A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. serum sodium 140 mmol/L (137 - 144) serum potassium 4.2 mmol/L (3.5 - 4.9) serum urea 28 mol/L (2.5 - 7.5) serum creatinine 280 µmol/L (60 - 110) Her condition does not improve after several weeks on corticosteroid therapy, so a renal biopsy is performed. The biopsy demonstrates the presence of segmental sclerosis of 3 of 10 glomeruli identified in the biopsy specimen. Immunofluorescence studies and electron microscopy do not reveal evidence for immune deposits. What is the most appropriate advice to give regarding her condition? 1) She has an underlying malignancy 2) She may require a renal transplant in 10 years

Description : A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. ... will likely develop a restrictive lung disease 5) She will probably improve with additional corticosteroid therapy

Last Answer : Answers-2 The findings point to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which leads to chronic renal failure in half of cases. The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease.

It is the only amino acid having an ionizing ‘R’ group with a pK’ near 7 and is important in the active site of some enzymes: (A) Arginine (B) Cystein (C) Cystine (D) Histidine

Description : It is the only amino acid having an ionizing ‘R’ group with a pK’ near 7 and is important in the active site of some enzymes: (A) Arginine (B) Cystein (C) Cystine (D) Histidine

Last Answer : Answer : D

Urea is prepared by the chemical reactions of (a) Ammonium sulphate and calcium chloride (b) Ammonia and carbon dioxide (c) Chlorine and water (d) Acetamide and ethyl alcohol

Description : Urea is prepared by the chemical reactions of (a) Ammonium sulphate and calcium chloride (b) Ammonia and carbon dioxide (c) Chlorine and water (d) Acetamide and ethyl alcohol

Last Answer : Ans: (b)

The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of (a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) ammonia (d) potassium urate.

Description : The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of (a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) ammonia (d) potassium urate.

Last Answer : (d) potassium urate.

Maximum nitrogen percentage is in (A) Ammonium sulphate (B) Calcium ammonium nitrate (C) Urea (D) Liquid ammonia

Description : Maximum nitrogen percentage is in (A) Ammonium sulphate (B) Calcium ammonium nitrate (C) Urea (D) Liquid ammonia

Last Answer : (D) Liquid ammonia

Rank the following laboratory tests and procedures in terms of their relative value to a 65-year-old woman who is to undergo elective resection of a sigmoid cancer. A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN). C. Electrocardiogram (ECG). D. Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb). E. Serum creatinine (Cr). F. Arterial blood oxygen tension (PaO 2) on room air. G. Serum sodium concentration (Na+).

Description : Rank the following laboratory tests and procedures in terms of their relative value to a 65-year-old woman who is to undergo elective resection of a sigmoid cancer. A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). B. ... Arterial blood oxygen tension (PaO 2) on room air. G. Serum sodium concentration (Na+).

Last Answer : Answer: CDFEBAG DISCUSSION: The most important test by far is the electrocardiogram, with its capacity to indicate signs of occult heart disease. The second most important evaluation is the hemoglobin ... for resection of the colon is always normal and would be of least value among these tests

A lipid bilayer is permeable to (A) Urea (B) Fructose (C) Glucose (D) Potassium

Description : A lipid bilayer is permeable to (A) Urea (B) Fructose (C) Glucose (D) Potassium

Last Answer : A

Accumulation of urea in blood is called

Description : Accumulation of urea in blood is called

Last Answer : Accumulation of urea in blood is called

Accumulation of urea in blood is called

Description : Accumulation of urea in blood is called

Last Answer : Accumulation of urea in blood is called

All of the following statements about generalized gangliosidosis are true except (A) It results from deficiency of GM1-βGangliosidase (B) Breakdown of GM1 ganglioside is impaired (C) GM2 ganglioside accumulates in liver and elsewhere (D) It leads to mental retardation

Description : All of the following statements about generalized gangliosidosis are true except (A) It results from deficiency of GM1-βGangliosidase (B) Breakdown of GM1 ganglioside is impaired (C) GM2 ganglioside accumulates in liver and elsewhere (D) It leads to mental retardation

Last Answer : Answer : C

A dietary deficiency in both the quantity and the quality of protein results in (A) Kwashiorkar (B) Marasmus (C) Xerophtalmia (D) Liver diseases

Description : A dietary deficiency in both the quantity and the quality of protein results in (A) Kwashiorkar (B) Marasmus (C) Xerophtalmia (D) Liver diseases

Last Answer : Answer : A

Of the following hemolytic anemias, which is categorized as inherited? a) Sickle cell anemia Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an inherited abnormality resulting in hemolytic anemia. b) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an acquired anemia. c) Cold agglutinin disease Cold agglutinin disease is an acquired anemia. d) Hypersplenism Hypersplenism results in an acquired hemolytic anemia.

Description : Of the following hemolytic anemias, which is categorized as inherited? a) Sickle cell anemia Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an inherited abnormality resulting in hemolytic anemia. b ... is an acquired anemia. d) Hypersplenism Hypersplenism results in an acquired hemolytic anemia.

Last Answer : a) Sickle cell anemia Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an inherited abnormality resulting in hemolytic anemia.

Absence of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase causes (A) Argininosuccinic aciduria (B) Hyperargininemia (C) Tricorrhexis nodosa (D) Citrullinemia

Description : Absence of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase causes (A) Argininosuccinic aciduria (B) Hyperargininemia (C) Tricorrhexis nodosa (D) Citrullinemia

Last Answer : Answer : A

Graph depicts the concentration of enzymes involved in urea synthesis in a developing tadpole. It indicates a transition from `:`

Description : Graph depicts the concentration of enzymes involved in urea synthesis in a developing tadpole. It indicates a transition from `:`

Last Answer : Graph depicts the concentration of enzymes involved in urea synthesis in a developing tadpole ... to ureotelism D. Ureotelism to reocotelism

Which of the following terms refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication? a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. b) atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is an abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumens. c) atheroma Atheromas are fibrous caps composed of smooth muscle cells that form over lipid deposits within arterial vessels. d) ischemia Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.

Description : Which of the following terms refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication? a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. ... d) ischemia Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.

Last Answer : a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia.

A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results confirms the suspected diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism? 1) High normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration 2) High normal 24 hour urinary calcium concentration 3) High normal plasma parathyroid hormone concentration 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Description : A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results ... 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Last Answer : Answers-3 Bit too easy really. A high or even normal PTH concentration in the presence of hypercalcaemia would support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A high urinary Calcium concentration may ... but neither confirm the diagnosis. Elevated 1,25 VitD suggests a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D.

An enzyme is a (A) Carbohydrate (B) Lipid (C) Protein (D) Nucleic acid ENZYMES 171

Description : An enzyme is a (A) Carbohydrate (B) Lipid (C) Protein (D) Nucleic acid ENZYMES 171

Last Answer : Answer : C

Fatty liver is caused due to accumulation of (A) Fatty acids (B) Cholesterol (C) Phospholipids (D) Triacylglycerol

Description : Fatty liver is caused due to accumulation of (A) Fatty acids (B) Cholesterol (C) Phospholipids (D) Triacylglycerol

Last Answer : Answer : D

From dietary protein as well as from the urea present in fluids secreted into the gastrointestinal tract intestinal bacteria produce (A) Carbondioxide (B) Ammonia (C) Ammonium sulphate (D) Creatine

Description : From dietary protein as well as from the urea present in fluids secreted into the gastrointestinal tract intestinal bacteria produce (A) Carbondioxide (B) Ammonia (C) Ammonium sulphate (D) Creatine

Last Answer : Answer : B

Urea synthesis takes place in (A) Blood (B) Liver (C) Kidney (D) Heart

Description : Urea synthesis takes place in (A) Blood (B) Liver (C) Kidney (D) Heart

Last Answer : Answer : B

Absorption of calcium decreases if there is high concentration in the diet of (A) Copper (B) Sodium (C) Magnesium (D) Cadmium

Description : Absorption of calcium decreases if there is high concentration in the diet of (A) Copper (B) Sodium (C) Magnesium (D) Cadmium

Last Answer : Answer : C

The compound having the formula H2N—CO—NH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH— COOH is | NH2 (A) Lysine (B) Glutamine (C) Serine (D) Citrulline

Description : The compound having the formula H2N—CO—NH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH— COOH is | NH2 (A) Lysine (B) Glutamine (C) Serine (D) Citrulline

Last Answer : Answer : D

The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Description : The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Last Answer : Answer : B

ADH test is based on the measurement of (A) Specific gravity of urine (B) Concentration of urea in urine (C) Concentration of urea in blood (D) Volume of urine in ml/minute

Description : ADH test is based on the measurement of (A) Specific gravity of urine (B) Concentration of urea in urine (C) Concentration of urea in blood (D) Volume of urine in ml/minute

Last Answer : A

Lipid stores are mainly present in (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Muscles (D) Adipose tissue

Description : Lipid stores are mainly present in (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Muscles (D) Adipose tissue

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Description : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Last Answer : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Description : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Last Answer : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

In Artificial rain making process for cold cloud seeding — chemical is used. a. Silver iodine b. Sodium chloride c. Urea d. Calcium cyanamide

Description : In Artificial rain making process for cold cloud seeding — chemical is used. a. Silver iodine b. Sodium chloride c. Urea d. Calcium cyanamide

Last Answer : a. Silver iodine