Description : A test to evaluate detoxifying function of liver is (A) Serum albumin: globulin ratio (B) Galactose tolerance test (C) Hippuric acid test (D) Prothrombin time
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : The best known and most frequently used test of the detoxicating functions of liver is (A) Hippuric acid test (B) Galactose tolerance test (C) Epinephrine tolerance test (D) Rose Bengal dye test
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Prothrombin time may be prolonged due to impaired absorption of vitamin K (B) Serum alkaline phosphatase may be raised ... systemic circulation due to biliary obstruction (D) There is no defect in conjugation of bilirubin
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Acromegaly results in all the following except (A) Overgrowth of the bones of face, hands and feet (B) Increased stature (C) Enlargements of viscera (D) Impaired glucose tolerance
Description : What are other conditions which may cause impaired glucose tolerance?
Last Answer : Alimentary glucosuria, renal glucosuria.
Description : What is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)?
Last Answer : When fasting plasma glucose level is between 110 and 126 mg/dl and 2-hour post-glucose value is between 140 and 200 mg/dl.
Description : Insulin is required for the active uptake of glucose by most of the cells except (A) Muscle cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) Adipocytes (D) Liver cells
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Increased serum alanine during fasting is due to (A) Breakdown of muscle proteins (B) Decreased utilization of non essential amino acids (C) Leakage of aminoacids to plasma (D) Impaired renal function
Description : Metabolic actions of estrogens tend to cause the following except: A. Anabolism B. Impaired glucose tolerance C. Rise in plasma LDL-cholesterol D. Salt and water retention
Last Answer : C. Rise in plasma LDL-cholesterol
Description : Galactose is readily converted to glucose in (A) Liver (B) Intestine (C) Kidney (D) Adipose tissue
Description : A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the ... is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d, e Tumor cachexia appears to be mediated by TNFa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as other cytokines, activate a variety of inflammatory cells, most ... chronic syndromes of anorexia, weight loss, and cachexia that are associated with both chronic infection and malignancy
Description : Selwanof’s test is positive in (A) Glucose (B) Fructose (C) Galactose (D) Mannose
Description : Impaired renal function is indicated when the amount of PSP excreted in the first 15 minutes is (A) 20% (B) 35% (C) 40% (D) 45%
Last Answer : A
Description : An 16-year-old man presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which of the following may confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? 1) A random plasma glucose of >7.5 mmol/L 2) A finding of 3+ ketonuria 3) An HbA1c of 7.0% 4) A fasting plasma glucose of 7.5 mmol/L 5) An abnormal glucose tolerance test
Last Answer : Answers-4 The diagnosis is usually relatively easy to confirm in a symptomatic subject. A random glucose of >11.1 mmol/L or a fasting glucose of >7.0 mmol/L would be regarded as ... haemoglobin (HbA1c) is also highly suggestive but not diagnostic. A glucose tolerance test is rarely needed.
Description : A 35 year old male presents with weakness and tiredness. He is noted to be hyertensive. Electrolytes show a hypokalaemia and a hypomagnesaemia. What investigation would you select for this patient? ... Plasma renin toaldosterone ratio 3) Serum amylase 4) Serum calcium 5) Oral glucose tolerance test
Last Answer : Answers-2 The hypokalaemic hypertension with hypomagnesaemia suggests primary hyperaldosteronism. The most reliable assessment for this would be renin to aldosterone ratio.
Description : What is the major indication for doing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)?
Last Answer : Patient has symptoms suggestive of diabetes mellitus, but fasting blood sugar value is inconclusive (between 100 and 126 mg/dl).
Description : Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis
Description : Maximum glucose utilisation is seen in which tissue?
Last Answer : At basal rates, brain utilises 60% of sugar oxidised.
Description : Glucocorticoids impair carbohydrate tolerance by: A. Promoting gluconeogenesis in liver B. Depressing glucose uptake into skeletal muscles C. Inhibiting insulin secretion D. Both A and B are correct
Last Answer : D. Both A and B are correct
Description : Renal ricket is caused by renal tubular defect (usually inherited) which interferes with reabsorption of (A) Calcium (B) Phosphorous (C) Sodium (D) Chloride
Description : An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C ... blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase
Description : An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine
Description : The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase is present in (A) Liver (B) Muscle (C) Adipose tissue (D) Brain
Description : The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase which catalyses the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose is not found in (A) Liver (B) Muscle (C) Intestine (D) Kidney
Description : In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burned as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Muscle (D) Brain
Description : The hydrolysis of glucose-6-PO4 is catalyzed by a phosphatase that is not found in which of the following? (A) Liver (B) Kidney (C) Muscle (D) Small intestine
Description : The process of breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and pyruvate and lacate in the muscle is known as (A) Glyogenesis (B) Glycogenolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Cellular degradation
Description : The hydrolysis of Glucose-6-P is catalysed by a phosphatase that is not formed in which of the following? (A) Liver (B) Kidney (C) Muscle (D) Small intestine
Last Answer : C
Description : The hydrolysis of Glucose-6-phosphate is catalysed by a specific phosphatase which is found only in (A) Liver, intestines and kidneys (B) Brain, spleen and adrenals (C) Striated muscle (D) Plasma
Description : McArdle’s disease is due to the deficiency of (A) Glucose-6-phosphatase (B) Phosphofructokinase (C) Liver phosphorylase (D) muscle phosphorylase
Last Answer : D
Description : All of the following statements about generalized gangliosidosis are true except (A) It results from deficiency of GM1-βGangliosidase (B) Breakdown of GM1 ganglioside is impaired (C) GM2 ganglioside accumulates in liver and elsewhere (D) It leads to mental retardation
Description : Which of the following concerning the conjugation of bilirubin is correct? 1) is catalysed by a glucuronyl transferase 2) occurs in the Kupfer cells of the liver 3) is increased by valproate 4) is inhibited by rifampicin 5) is impaired in Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Last Answer : Answers-1 b - Hepatocytes. c - Enzyme inhibitor. d - Enzyme inducer. e - Conjugation is OK but excretion from the hepatocyte into the bile is impaired. (Gilbert's syndrome ... bilirubinaemia. Dubin-Johnson syndrome - bilirubin can't Depart from the hepatocyte - conjugated bilirubinaemia.)
Description : The absorption of glucose in the digestive tract (A) Occurs in the small intestine (B) Is stimulated by the hormone Glucagon (C) Occurs more rapidly than the absorption of any other sugar (D) Is impaired in cases of diabetes mellitus
Description : Scar formation is part of the normal healing process following injury. Which of the following tissues has the ability to heal without scar formation? a. Liver b. Skin c. Bone d. Muscle
Last Answer : Answer: c Every tissue in the body undergoes reparative processes after injury. Bone has the unique ability to heal without scar and liver has the potential to regenerate parenchyma, the only organ ... scar (cirrhosis) as well. With these exceptions, all other mature human tissues heal with scar
Description : In increase in α2-Globulin with loss of albumin in urine suggests (A) Primary immune deficiency (B) Nephrotic syndrome (C) Cirrhosis of liver (D) Multiple myeloma
Description : A decrease in albumin with increased production of other unidentified proteins which migrate in β, γ region suggests (A) Cirrhosis of liver (B) Nephrotic syndrome (C) Infection (D) Chronic lymphatic leukemia
Description : The ability of liver to remove a dye like BSP from the blood suggests a normal (A) Excretory function (B) Detoxification function (C) Metabolic function (D) Circulatory function
Description : The hormonal alterations that follow operation and injury favor accelerated gluconeogenesis. This new glucose is consumed by which of the following tissues? A. Central nervous system. B. Skeletal muscle. C. Bone. D. Kidney. E. Tissue in the healing wound.
Last Answer : Answer: ADE DISCUSSION: Glucose is produced in increased amounts to satisfy the fuel requirements of the healing wound. In addition, nerve tissue and the renal medulla also utilize this substrate. Skeletal muscle primarily utilizes fatty acids, and bone utilizes mineral substrate
Description : Which of the following is present as a marker in lysosomal enzymes to direct them to their destination? (A) Glucose-6-phosphate (B) Mannose-6-phosphate (C) Galactose-6-phosphate (D) N-Acetyl neuraminic acid
Description : Sodium is involved in the active uptake of (A) D-Glucose (B) D-Galactose (C) L-Amino acids (D) All of these
Description : A substrate for the enzyme aldolase is (A) galactose-6-phosphate (B) isocitric acid (C) Glucose-1-phosphate (D) Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate
Description : Galactose 1-phosphate is converted to uridine diphosphate galactose, the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme: (A) Glactokinase (B) Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase (C) Uridine diphospho galactose 4-epimerase (D) UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase
Description : Galactose is synthesized from glucose in (A) Mammary gland (B) Intestine (C) Kidney (D) Adipose tissue
Description : In the intestine the rate of absorption is highest for (A) Glucose and galactose (B) Fructose and mannose (C) Fructose and pentose (D) Mannose and pentose
Description : The sugar absorbed by fac i l itated diffusion and requiring Na independent transporter is (A) Glucose (B) Fructose (C) Galactose (D) Ribose
Description : Spermatozoa in seminal fluid utilises the following sugar for metabolism: (A) Galactose (B) Glucose (C) Sucrose (D) Fructose
Description : Carbohydrate moiety in cerebrosides is (A) Glucose (B) Sucrose (C) Galactose (D) Maltose
Description : Starch and glycogen are polymers of (A) Fructose (B) Mannose (C) α−D-Glucose (D) Galactose
Description : Epimers of glucose is (A) Fructose (B) Galactose (C) Ribose (D) Deoxyribose
Last Answer : B
Description : Whcih of the following features are common to monosaccharides? (A) Contain asymmetric centres (B) Are of 2 types – aldoses and ketoses (C) Tend to exist as ring structures in solution (D) Include glucose, galactose and raffinose