Insulin is required for the active uptake of glucose by most of the cells except (A) Muscle cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) Adipocytes (D) Liver cells

Insulin is required for the active uptake of glucose by most of the cells except (A) Muscle cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) Adipocytes (D) Liver cells
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Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. (a) Insulin (b) Glucagon (c) Secretin (d) Gastrin

Description : Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. (a) Insulin (b) Glucagon (c) Secretin (d) Gastrin

Last Answer : (a) Insulin

A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the following? a. Increased glucose uptake and increased glycogen breakdown occur in this circumstance. b. Suppressed activity of lipoprotein lipase results from TNFa c. TNFa stimulates lipolysis d. The differentiation process of pre-adipocytes is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs

Description : A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the ... is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d, e Tumor cachexia appears to be mediated by TNFa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as other cytokines, activate a variety of inflammatory cells, most ... chronic syndromes of anorexia, weight loss, and cachexia that are associated with both chronic infection and malignancy

Target tissue of insulin is (A) Red blood cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) GI tract epithelial cells (D) Liver

Description : Target tissue of insulin is (A) Red blood cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) GI tract epithelial cells (D) Liver

Last Answer : Answer : D

Glucose uptake by liver cells is (A) Energy-consuming (B) A saturable process (C) Insulin-dependent (D) Insulin-independent

Description : Glucose uptake by liver cells is (A) Energy-consuming (B) A saturable process (C) Insulin-dependent (D) Insulin-independent

Last Answer : D

Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization :

Description : Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization :

Last Answer : Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake ... B. Gastrin C. Insulin D. Glucagon

What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake of cells?

Description : What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake of cells?

Last Answer : Insulin facilitates the membrane transport of glucose in most of tissues, especially in muscles and adipose tissue. This is by glucose transporter, GIuT4. But glucose uptake by GlT2 is independent of insulin, it is seen in liver and brain.

Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Description : Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Last Answer : Answer : D

he following is true of nifedipine except: A. It can aggravate urine voiding difficulty in elderly males with prostatic hypertrophy B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to cause ankle oedema as side effect C. It can inhibit insulin release from pancreas D. At high doses it can paradoxically increase the frequency of angina pectori

Description : he following is true of nifedipine except: A. It can aggravate urine voiding difficulty in elderly males with prostatic hypertrophy B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to ... release from pancreas D. At high doses it can paradoxically increase the frequency of angina pectori

Last Answer : B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to cause ankle oedema as side effect

Glucocorticoids impair carbohydrate tolerance by: A. Promoting gluconeogenesis in liver B. Depressing glucose uptake into skeletal muscles C. Inhibiting insulin secretion D. Both A and B are correct

Description : Glucocorticoids impair carbohydrate tolerance by: A. Promoting gluconeogenesis in liver B. Depressing glucose uptake into skeletal muscles C. Inhibiting insulin secretion D. Both A and B are correct

Last Answer : D. Both A and B are correct

Glucagon (A) Increases protein synthesis (B) Inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes (C) Increases gluconeogenesis in liver (D) Stimulates muscle glycogenolysis

Description : Glucagon (A) Increases protein synthesis (B) Inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes (C) Increases gluconeogenesis in liver (D) Stimulates muscle glycogenolysis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests (A) Defect in glucose utilisation (B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury

Description : Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests (A) Defect in glucose utilisation (B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury

Last Answer : Answer : B

Measurement of insulin clearance test is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Filtration factor (C) Renal plasma flow (D) Tubular secretory mass

Description : Measurement of insulin clearance test is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Filtration factor (C) Renal plasma flow (D) Tubular secretory mass

Last Answer : Answer : A

The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Description : The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Description : The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

Insulin: a. is secreted as a pro-insulin b. increases protein synthesis c. is required for glucose uptake in all tissues d. is a steroid hormone

Description : Insulin: a. is secreted as a pro-insulin b. increases protein synthesis c. is required for glucose uptake in all tissues d. is a steroid hormone

Last Answer : is secreted as a pro-insulin

Deficiency of insulin results in (A) Rapid uptake of sugar (B) Low blood glucose level (C) Decrease urine output (D) Presence of glucose in urine

Description : Deficiency of insulin results in (A) Rapid uptake of sugar (B) Low blood glucose level (C) Decrease urine output (D) Presence of glucose in urine

Last Answer : Answer : D

Phlorizin inhibits (A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose (B) Glycolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis

Description : Phlorizin inhibits (A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose (B) Glycolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Last Answer : Answer : D

Select the correct statement. (a) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. (b) Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia. (c) Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes. (d) Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia

Description : Select the correct statement. (a) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. (b) Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia. (c) Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes. (d) Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia

Last Answer : (a) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis.

Insulin decreases (A) Glycogenesis (B) Glyolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Tubular reabsorption of glucose

Description : Insulin decreases (A) Glycogenesis (B) Glyolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Tubular reabsorption of glucose

Last Answer : Answer : C

Sodium is involved in the active uptake of (A) D-Glucose (B) D-Galactose (C) L-Amino acids (D) All of these

Description : Sodium is involved in the active uptake of (A) D-Glucose (B) D-Galactose (C) L-Amino acids (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Active uptake of glucose is inhibited by (A) Ouabain (B) Phlorrizin (C) Digoxin (D) Alloxan

Description : Active uptake of glucose is inhibited by (A) Ouabain (B) Phlorrizin (C) Digoxin (D) Alloxan

Last Answer : B

Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes? (A) Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by CAMP (B) Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids (C) Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone stimulated increases in CAMP levels (D) Activation of CAMP production by Insulin

Description : Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes? (A) Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by CAMP (B) Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids (C) ... result of hormone stimulated increases in CAMP levels (D) Activation of CAMP production by Insulin

Last Answer : Answer : C

Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2+ ions (D) By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Description : Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2 ... membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose. B. With normal renal function, this patient is likely to be volume overloaded. C. Proper fluid therapy would be unlikely to include potassium administration. D. Insulin administration will increase the potassium content of cells. E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment

Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Description : Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Last Answer : anaerobic metabolism predominates

Which of the following represents the action of insulin? (a) Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glucagon production. (b) Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen. (c) Increases blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose. (d) Increases blood glucose levels by hydrolysis of glycogen.

Description : Which of the following represents the action of insulin? (a) Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glucagon production. (b) Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen. (c) ... promoting cellular uptake of glucose. (d) Increases blood glucose levels by hydrolysis of glycogen.

Last Answer : (b) Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen

The glycerol for fatty acid esterification in adipocytes is (A) For the most part, derived from glucose (B) Obtained primarily from phosphorylation of glycerol by glycerol kinase (C) Formed from gluconeogenesis (D) Formed from glycogenolysis ENZYMES 153

Description : The glycerol for fatty acid esterification in adipocytes is (A) For the most part, derived from glucose (B) Obtained primarily from phosphorylation of glycerol by glycerol kinase (C) Formed from gluconeogenesis (D) Formed from glycogenolysis ENZYMES 153

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements about acetyl CoA carboxylase are true except (A) It is required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids (B) It is required for mitochondrial elongation of fatty acids (C) It is required for microsomal elongation of fatty acids (D) Insulin converts its inactive form into its active form

Description : All the following statements about acetyl CoA carboxylase are true except (A) It is required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids (B) It is required for mitochondrial elongation of fatty acids ( ... for microsomal elongation of fatty acids (D) Insulin converts its inactive form into its active form

Last Answer : Answer : B

Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except (a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media) (b) Severe hypotension or circulatolry collapse (c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure (d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria (e) Hyperkalemia

Description : Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except (a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media) (b) Severe hypotension ... (c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure (d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria (e) Hyperkalemia

Last Answer : Ans: E

Prostaglandins play pathophysiological role in the following except: A. Patency of ductus arteriosus B. Regulation of renal tubular salt absorption C. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction D. Initiation of labour

Description :  Prostaglandins play pathophysiological role in the following except: A. Patency of ductus arteriosus B. Regulation of renal tubular salt absorption C. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction D. Initiation of labour

Last Answer : C. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction 

Anthelmintic action of piperazine is due to: A. Interference with ATP generation in the worm B. Blockade of glucose uptake by the worm C. Hyperpolarization of nematode muscle by GABA agonistic action D. Depolarization of nematode muscle by activating nicotinic receptors

Description : Anthelmintic action of piperazine is due to: A. Interference with ATP generation in the worm B. Blockade of glucose uptake by the worm C. Hyperpolarization of nematode muscle by GABA agonistic action D. Depolarization of nematode muscle by activating nicotinic receptors

Last Answer : C. Hyperpolarization of nematode muscle by GABA agonistic action

Insulin: a. has a half-lilfe of 60 minutes b. stimulate glycolysis in liver and muscle c. stimulate lipogenesis in liver and fat tissues d. is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the beta cells

Description : Insulin: a. has a half-lilfe of 60 minutes b. stimulate glycolysis in liver and muscle c. stimulate lipogenesis in liver and fat tissues d. is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the beta cells

Last Answer : is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the beta cells

Glucose entry into the cells of the following organ/ tissue is highly dependent on the presence of insulin: A. Brain B. Liver C. Adipose tissue D. Kidney tubules

Description : Glucose entry into the cells of the following organ/ tissue is highly dependent on the presence of insulin: A. Brain B. Liver C. Adipose tissue D. Kidney tubules

Last Answer : C. Adipose tissue

Action of Insulin does not include the following: A. Facilitation of glucose transport into cells B. Facilitation of glycogen synthesis by liver C. Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver D. Inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue

Description : Action of Insulin does not include the following: A. Facilitation of glucose transport into cells B. Facilitation of glycogen synthesis by liver C. Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver D. Inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue

Last Answer : . Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver

All of the following tissue are capable of using ketone bodies except (A) Brain (B) Renal cortex (C) R.B.C. (D) Cardiac muscle

Description : All of the following tissue are capable of using ketone bodies except (A) Brain (B) Renal cortex (C) R.B.C. (D) Cardiac muscle

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Thyroxine inhibits utilization of glucose (B) Insulin increases utilization of glucose (C) Glucagon promotes muscle glycogenolysis (D) Insulin inhibits lipogenesis from carbohydrates

Description : Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Thyroxine inhibits utilization of glucose (B) Insulin increases utilization of glucose (C) Glucagon promotes muscle glycogenolysis (D) Insulin inhibits lipogenesis from carbohydrates

Last Answer : Answer : B

Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Renal ricket is caused by renal tubular defect (usually inherited) which interferes with reabsorption of (A) Calcium (B) Phosphorous (C) Sodium (D) Chloride

Description : Renal ricket is caused by renal tubular defect (usually inherited) which interferes with reabsorption of (A) Calcium (B) Phosphorous (C) Sodium (D) Chloride

Last Answer : Answer : B

The maximal renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for calcium (Tmca) in mg/min is about (A) 1.5 ± 0.1 (B) 4.99 ± 0.21 (C) 5.5 ± 1.2 (D) 10.2 ± 2.2

Description : The maximal renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for calcium (Tmca) in mg/min is about (A) 1.5 ± 0.1 (B) 4.99 ± 0.21 (C) 5.5 ± 1.2 (D) 10.2 ± 2.2

Last Answer : Answer : B

The most important effect of aldosterone is to (A) Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium (B) Decrease the rate of tubular reabsorption of potassium (C) Decrease the reabsorption of chloride (D) Decrease the renal reabsorption of sodium

Description : The most important effect of aldosterone is to (A) Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium (B) Decrease the rate of tubular reabsorption of potassium (C) Decrease the reabsorption of chloride (D) Decrease the renal reabsorption of sodium

Last Answer : Answer : A

An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C) A low blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase

Description : An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C ... blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase

Last Answer : Answer : C

Para-amino hippurate excretion test is an indicator of (A) Glomerular filtration (B) Tubular secretion (C) Tubular reabsorption (D) Renal plasma flow

Description : Para-amino hippurate excretion test is an indicator of (A) Glomerular filtration (B) Tubular secretion (C) Tubular reabsorption (D) Renal plasma flow

Last Answer : Answer : D

Phenolsulphonephthalein excretion test is an indicator of (A) Glomerular filtration (B) Tubular secretion (C) Tubular reabsorption (D) Renal blood low

Description : Phenolsulphonephthalein excretion test is an indicator of (A) Glomerular filtration (B) Tubular secretion (C) Tubular reabsorption (D) Renal blood low

Last Answer : Answer : D

Inulin clearance is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Tubular secretion flow (C) Tubular reabsorption rate (D) Renal plasma flow

Description : Inulin clearance is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Tubular secretion flow (C) Tubular reabsorption rate (D) Renal plasma flow

Last Answer : Answer : B

The Tm for PAH i.e the maximal secretory capacity of the tubule for PAH can be used to gavge the (A) Extent of tubular damage FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 81 (B) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (C) Impairment of renal plasma flow (D) Glomerular filtration rate

Description : The Tm for PAH i.e the maximal secretory capacity of the tubule for PAH can be used to gavge the (A) Extent of tubular damage FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 81 (B) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (C) Impairment of renal plasma flow (D) Glomerular filtration rate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Creatinine EDTA clearance is a test to measure (A) Renal plasma flow (B) Filtration fraction (C) Glomerular filtration rate (D) Tubular function

Description : Creatinine EDTA clearance is a test to measure (A) Renal plasma flow (B) Filtration fraction (C) Glomerular filtration rate (D) Tubular function

Last Answer : Answer : C

Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Description : Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Last Answer : Answer : A

An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Description : An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Last Answer : Answer : D

An early feature of renal disease is (A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (B) Decrease in maximal tubular excretory capacity (C) Decrease in filtration factor (D) Decrease in renal plasma flow

Description : An early feature of renal disease is (A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (B) Decrease in maximal tubular excretory capacity (C) Decrease in filtration factor (D) Decrease in renal plasma flow

Last Answer : A