Normal anion gap in plasma is about (A) 5 meq/L (B) 15 meq/L (C) 25 meq/L (D) 40 meq/L

Normal anion gap in plasma is about (A) 5 meq/L (B) 15 meq/L (C) 25 meq/L (D) 40 meq/L
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Which of the normal range of ionized calcium in plasma is (A) 2-4 mg/dl (B) 2-4 mEq/L (C) 4-5 mg/dl (D) 4-5 mEq/L

Description : Which of the normal range of ionized calcium in plasma is (A) 2-4 mg/dl (B) 2-4 mEq/L (C) 4-5 mg/dl (D) 4-5 mEq/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Last Answer : Answer : D

Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Description : Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Anion gap in plasma is because (A) Of differential distribution of ions across cell membranes (B) Cations outnumber anions in plasma (C) Anions outnumber cations in plasma (D) Of unmeasured anions in plasma

Description : Anion gap in plasma is because (A) Of differential distribution of ions across cell membranes (B) Cations outnumber anions in plasma (C) Anions outnumber cations in plasma (D) Of unmeasured anions in plasma

Last Answer : Answer : B

Anion gap is the difference in the plasma concentrations of (A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate) (B) (Sodium) – (Chloride) (C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)

Description : Anion gap is the difference in the plasma concentrations of (A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate) (B) (Sodium) – (Chloride) (C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

Description : The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

Last Answer : Answer : D

A 45-year-old solicitor had an onset of severe, crushing, substernal chest pain while attending a football match. He collapsed on his way to the car. Bystander Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation was begun immediately and continued until arrival in Casualty where an endotracheal tube was inserted and ventilation was maintained on 100% oxygen. Investigations revealed: pH 7.13 PaO2 560 mmHg PaCO2 18 mmHg Bicarbonate 5.8 SaO2 98% Based on these laboratory values, which of the following statements best describes his current pathophysiology? 1) He is demonstrating a primary respiratory alkalosis 2) He probably developed a large right to left intracardiac shunt 3) His anion gap is probably normal 4) His oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the left 5) His pulmonary artery pressure is probably elevated

Description : A 45-year-old solicitor had an onset of severe, crushing, substernal chest pain while attending a football match. He collapsed on his way to the car. Bystander Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation ... His oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the left 5) His pulmonary artery pressure is probably elevated

Last Answer : Answers-5 This young patient with severe central chest pain has probably arrested due to myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. His gases reveal high PO2 following 100% O2 but severe acidosis ... no left to right shunting and high pulmonary pressures would be expected after this arrest scenario.

All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Description : All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Last Answer : Answer : D

Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Description : Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

What is the normal level of K+ in the serum ? (A) 137–148 mEq/L (B) 120–160 mEq/L (C) 3.9–5.0 mEq/L (D) 0.3–0.59 mEq/L

Description : What is the normal level of K+ in the serum ? (A) 137–148 mEq/L (B) 120–160 mEq/L (C) 3.9–5.0 mEq/L (D) 0.3–0.59 mEq/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

Normal range of serum potassium is (A) 2.1-3.4 mEq/L (B) 3.5-5.3 mEq/L (C) 5.4–7.4 mEq/L (D) 7.5–9.5 mEq/L

Description : Normal range of serum potassium is (A) 2.1-3.4 mEq/L (B) 3.5-5.3 mEq/L (C) 5.4–7.4 mEq/L (D) 7.5–9.5 mEq/L

Last Answer : Answer : B

The normal serum CO2 content is (A) 18–20 meq/L (B) 24–29 meq/L (C) 30–34 meq/L (D) 35–38 meq/L

Description : The normal serum CO2 content is (A) 18–20 meq/L (B) 24–29 meq/L (C) 30–34 meq/L (D) 35–38 meq/L

Last Answer : Answer : B

The normal concentration of bicarbonate in blood is (A) 21 meq/L (B) 24 meq/L (C) 26 meq/L (D) 30 meq/L

Description : The normal concentration of bicarbonate in blood is (A) 21 meq/L (B) 24 meq/L (C) 26 meq/L (D) 30 meq/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

Normal range of serum chloride is (A) 24–27 mEq/L (B) 70–80 mEq/L (C) 100–106 mEq/L (D) 120–140 mEq/L

Description : Normal range of serum chloride is (A) 24–27 mEq/L (B) 70–80 mEq/L (C) 100–106 mEq/L (D) 120–140 mEq/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

Normal range of serum sodium is (A) 30–70 mEq/L (B) 70–110 mEq/L (C) 117–135 mEq/L (D) 136–145 mEq/L

Description : Normal range of serum sodium is (A) 30–70 mEq/L (B) 70–110 mEq/L (C) 117–135 mEq/L (D) 136–145 mEq/L

Last Answer : Answer : D

The normal serum value for potassium is a) 3.5-5.5 mEq/L. Serum potassium must be within normal limits to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias. b) 135-145 mEq/L. Normal serum sodium is 135-145 mEq/L. c) 96-106 mEq/L. Normal serum chloride is 96-106 mEq/L. d) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL. Normal total serum calcium is 8.5-10.5mg/dL.

Description : The normal serum value for potassium is a) 3.5-5.5 mEq/L. Serum potassium must be within normal limits to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias. b) 135-145 mEq/L. Normal serum sodium is 135-145 mEq/L. c) 96-106 mEq/L. ... is 96-106 mEq/L. d) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL. Normal total serum calcium is 8.5-10.5mg/dL.

Last Answer : a) 3.5-5.5 mEq/L. Serum potassium must be within normal limits to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias.

Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

All the following statements about cystic fibrosis are correct except (A) It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease (B) It affects a number of exocrine glands (C) It causes increased sweating (D) Sweat chlorides are above 60 mEq/L in this disease

Description : All the following statements about cystic fibrosis are correct except (A) It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease (B) It affects a number of exocrine glands (C) It causes increased sweating (D) Sweat chlorides are above 60 mEq/L in this disease

Last Answer : Answer : C

A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results confirms the suspected diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism? 1) High normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration 2) High normal 24 hour urinary calcium concentration 3) High normal plasma parathyroid hormone concentration 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Description : A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results ... 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Last Answer : Answers-3 Bit too easy really. A high or even normal PTH concentration in the presence of hypercalcaemia would support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A high urinary Calcium concentration may ... but neither confirm the diagnosis. Elevated 1,25 VitD suggests a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D.

Which of the following statements are true of elevated–anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric acids may lead to this form of acidosis. C. Copious diarrhea does not produce this condition. D. Rapid volume expansion may produce this form of acidosis. E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of elevated-anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric ... E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: An elevated anion gap may be produced by lactic acidosis from shock or by retention of inorganic acids from uremia. Lactated Ringer's solution rapidly corrects the ... . Bicarbonate loss from diarrhea and dilutional acidosis are non-anion gap types of metabolic acidosis

For therapeutic effect in manic depressive illness, steady-state serum lithium concentration should be maintained between: A. 0.2–0.4 mEq/L B. 0.5–0.8 mEq/L C. 1.0–1.3 mEq/L D. 1.5–2.5 mEq/L

Description : For therapeutic effect in manic depressive illness, steady-state serum lithium concentration should be maintained between: A. 0.2–0.4 mEq/L B. 0.5–0.8 mEq/L C. 1.0–1.3 mEq/L D. 1.5–2.5 mEq/L

Last Answer : B. 0.5–0.8 mEq/L

A 70-year-old patient presented with weakness, tiredness and muscle cramps. The ECG showed Q-T prolongation, flattening of T wave and occasional A-V block. His serum K+ was low (2.8 mEq/L). He admitted taking a laxative every day for the past several months. Which laxative could be responsible for the above condition: A. Bisacodyl B. Liquid paraffin C. Methylcellulose D. Bran

Description : A 70-year-old patient presented with weakness, tiredness and muscle cramps. The ECG showed Q-T prolongation, flattening of T wave and occasional A-V block. His serum K+ was low (2.8 mEq ... could be responsible for the above condition: A. Bisacodyl B. Liquid paraffin C. Methylcellulose D. Bran

Last Answer : A. Bisacodyl

Normal range of plasma total phospholipids is (A) 0.2–0.6 mmol/L (B) 0.9–2.0 mmol/L (C) 1.8–5.8 mmol/L (D) 2.8–5.3 mmol/L

Description : Normal range of plasma total phospholipids is (A) 0.2–0.6 mmol/L (B) 0.9–2.0 mmol/L (C) 1.8–5.8 mmol/L (D) 2.8–5.3 mmol/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal range of filtration factor in an adult is (A) 0.10–0.15 (B) 0.16–0.21 (C) 0.25–0.30 (D) 0.35–0.40

Description : The normal range of filtration factor in an adult is (A) 0.10–0.15 (B) 0.16–0.21 (C) 0.25–0.30 (D) 0.35–0.40

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose. B. With normal renal function, this patient is likely to be volume overloaded. C. Proper fluid therapy would be unlikely to include potassium administration. D. Insulin administration will increase the potassium content of cells. E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment

The permissible and normal limit of EC, RSC, SAR (meq 1 –1 ) and Boron content (ppm)

Description : The permissible and normal limit of EC, RSC, SAR (meq 1 –1 ) and Boron content (ppm)

Last Answer : Ans.2–4, < 2.5, < 10 and 10,000 ha

Nucleotides and nucleic acids concentration are often also expressed in terms of (A) ng (B) mg (C) meq (D) OD at 260 nm

Description : Nucleotides and nucleic acids concentration are often also expressed in terms of (A) ng (B) mg (C) meq (D) OD at 260 nm

Last Answer : Answer : D

In the resting state plasma concentration of cortisol is (A) 0.4–2.0 µg/100 ml (B) 2.0–4.0 µg/100 ml (C) 5.0–15.0 µg/100 ml (D) 18.0–25.0 µg/100 ml

Description : In the resting state plasma concentration of cortisol is (A) 0.4–2.0 µg/100 ml (B) 2.0–4.0 µg/100 ml (C) 5.0–15.0 µg/100 ml (D) 18.0–25.0 µg/100 ml

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal range of plasma copper is (A) 25–50 µg/dl (B) 50–100 µg/dl (C) 100–200 µg/dl (D) 200–400 µg/dl

Description : The normal range of plasma copper is (A) 25–50 µg/dl (B) 50–100 µg/dl (C) 100–200 µg/dl (D) 200–400 µg/dl

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal range of plasma calcium is (A) 3-5 mg/dl (B) 5-10 mg/dl (C) 9-11 mg/dl (D) 11-15 mg/dl

Description : The normal range of plasma calcium is (A) 3-5 mg/dl (B) 5-10 mg/dl (C) 9-11 mg/dl (D) 11-15 mg/dl

Last Answer : Answer : C

Oncotic pressure of plasma is about (A) 10 mm of Hg (B) 15 mm of Hg (C) 25 mm of Hg (D) 50 mm of Hg

Description : Oncotic pressure of plasma is about (A) 10 mm of Hg (B) 15 mm of Hg (C) 25 mm of Hg (D) 50 mm of Hg

Last Answer : Answer : C

If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : 2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μ g/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μ g/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

The normal GPT activity ranges from (A) 60.0–250.0 IU/L (B) 4.0–17.0 IU/L (C) 3.0–15.0 IU/L (D) 0.1–14.0 IU/L

Description : The normal GPT activity ranges from (A) 60.0–250.0 IU/L (B) 4.0–17.0 IU/L (C) 3.0–15.0 IU/L (D) 0.1–14.0 IU/L

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal serum GOT activity ranges from (A) 3.0–15.0 IU/L (B) 4.0–17.0 IU/L (C) 4.0–60.0 IU/L (D) 0.9–4.0 IU/L

Description : The normal serum GOT activity ranges from (A) 3.0–15.0 IU/L (B) 4.0–17.0 IU/L (C) 4.0–60.0 IU/L (D) 0.9–4.0 IU/L

Last Answer : Answer : B

Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L. a. The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 14 L. b. The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L. c. The man’s plasma volume is about 7 L. d. The man’s interstitial fluid volume is about 9 L. e. The man’s total body water cannot be calculated from these data

Description : Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L. a. The man's intracellular fluid ... fluid volume is about 9 L. e. The man's total body water cannot be calculated from these data

Last Answer : The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L.

An 16-year-old man presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which of the following may confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? 1) A random plasma glucose of >7.5 mmol/L 2) A finding of 3+ ketonuria 3) An HbA1c of 7.0% 4) A fasting plasma glucose of 7.5 mmol/L 5) An abnormal glucose tolerance test

Description : An 16-year-old man presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which of the following may confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? 1) A random plasma glucose of >7.5 mmol/L 2) A finding of 3+ ketonuria 3) An HbA1c of 7.0% 4) A fasting plasma glucose of 7.5 mmol/L 5) An abnormal glucose tolerance test

Last Answer : Answers-4 The diagnosis is usually relatively easy to confirm in a symptomatic subject. A random glucose of >11.1 mmol/L or a fasting glucose of >7.0 mmol/L would be regarded as ... haemoglobin (HbA1c) is also highly suggestive but not diagnostic. A glucose tolerance test is rarely needed.

Equivalent bending moment in a shaft subjected to axial load P, torque T and bending moment M is (a) Meq = 0.5 [M + (M2 + T2)0.5]0.5 (b) Meq = 0.5 [M + (M2 + T2)0.5] (c) Meq = ( M2 + T2)0.5 (d) None

Description : Equivalent bending moment in a shaft subjected to axial load P, torque T and bending moment M is (a) Meq = 0.5 [M + (M2 + T2)0.5]0.5 (b) Meq = 0.5 [M + (M2 + T2)0.5] (c) Meq = ( M2 + T2)0.5 (d) None

Last Answer : (b) Meq = 0.5 [M + (M2 + T2)0.5]

An anion exchange resin linked to cellulose backbone is (A) DEAE cellulose (B) CM cellulose (C) Sephadex (D) None of these

Description : An anion exchange resin linked to cellulose backbone is (A) DEAE cellulose (B) CM cellulose (C) Sephadex (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

At a pH below the isoelectric point, an amino acid exists as (A) Cation (B) Anion (C) Zwitterion (D) Undissociated molecule

Description : At a pH below the isoelectric point, an amino acid exists as (A) Cation (B) Anion (C) Zwitterion (D) Undissociated molecule

Last Answer : Answer : A

At isoelectric pH, an amino acid exists as (A) Anion (B) Cation (C) Zwitterion (D) None of these

Description : At isoelectric pH, an amino acid exists as (A) Anion (B) Cation (C) Zwitterion (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

The plasma concentration of IgA is (A) 1–5 mg/dl (B) 40–200 mg/dl (C) 60–500 mg/dl (D) 700–1,500 mg/dl

Description : The plasma concentration of IgA is (A) 1–5 mg/dl (B) 40–200 mg/dl (C) 60–500 mg/dl (D) 700–1,500 mg/dl

Last Answer : Answer : C

In medical abbreviations, is it mEq or mg that is not to be used?

Description : In medical abbreviations, is it mEq or mg that is not to be used?

Last Answer : In my experience, mcg is microgram, mg is very common. Any of us who read prescriptions are very aware that the difference between the two could mean the difference between treatment and death ... very surprised if it were ever used on a prescription) it could easily be confused with mcg.

The normal daily output of Urea through urine in grams: (A) 10 to 20 (B) 15 to 25 (C) 20 to 30 (D) 25 to 35

Description : The normal daily output of Urea through urine in grams: (A) 10 to 20 (B) 15 to 25 (C) 20 to 30 (D) 25 to 35

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which one of the following is true of IgE? 1) Is present in plasma in the same concentration as IgG 2) Is increased acutely in an asthmatic attack 3) Crosses the normal placenta 4) Is increased in the serum of atopic individuals 5) Is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity

Description : Which one of the following is true of IgE? 1) Is present in plasma in the same concentration as IgG 2) Is increased acutely in an asthmatic attack 3) Crosses the normal placenta 4) Is increased in the serum of atopic individuals 5) Is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity

Last Answer : Answers-4 IgG is the predominant form of immunoglobulin in plasma at a concentration around 10,000 times that of IgE. IgG crosses the placenta to confer immunity to the fetus but IgE does ... frequently increased in those with atopy but serum IgE does not rise acutely during an asthmatic attack.

The normal ratio between the alkaline phosphate and acid phosphate in plasma is (A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 20 : 1 (D) 4 : 1

Description : The normal ratio between the alkaline phosphate and acid phosphate in plasma is (A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 20 : 1 (D) 4 : 1

Last Answer : Answer : D

The normal concentration of chloride in mg/100 ml of plasma is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 365 (D) 450

Description : The normal concentration of chloride in mg/100 ml of plasma is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 365 (D) 450

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal concentration of sodium (in mg/100 ml) of human plasma is (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 330

Description : The normal concentration of sodium (in mg/100 ml) of human plasma is (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 330

Last Answer : Answer : D