Description : Which is the effect of antigen in an ill person? (1) It increases the production of W.B.C. (2) It increases the production of antibiotics (3) It increases the production of antiserum against bacteria (4) It prevents the growth of bacteria
Last Answer : (2) It increases the production of antibiotics Explanation: Vaccines containing antigens are introduced into the body, stimulating the immune system response by instructing B cells, with assistance from T cells, to ... , and send it to the T cells so that an immune system response can be mobilized.
Description : Bacteria are more sensitive to antibiotics at which phase of growth curve? a. Decline phase b. Stationary phase c. Lag phase d. Log phase
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Bacteria are most sensitive to antibiotics at which phase of growth curve A Lag phase B Log Phase C Stationary phase D Phase of Decline
Last Answer : B Log Phase
Description : The following are true about the ABO and rhesus (Rh) system: a. a person of group O is a universal donor b. a person who is group AB has anti-A and anti-B antibodies c. the presence of the D antigen means that the subject is Rh positive d. rhesus antibodies occur naturally
Last Answer : the presence of the D antigen means that the subject is Rh positiv
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the assessment of protein reserve? a. Conventional serum proteins such as albumin and globulin are early indicators of malnutrition b. The ... d. Measurement of urea excretion in urine can be used as a measurement of protein breakdown
Last Answer : Answer: d Since protein is the functional and structural chemical of the body, most nutritional assessment techniques are estimates of protein reserves. The actual nitrogen balance can ... patients convert from reactive to anergic, and reactivity can be restored by nutritional repletion
Description : Rank the following laboratory tests and procedures in terms of their relative value to a 65-year-old woman who is to undergo elective resection of a sigmoid cancer. A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). B. ... Arterial blood oxygen tension (PaO 2) on room air. G. Serum sodium concentration (Na+).
Last Answer : Answer: CDFEBAG DISCUSSION: The most important test by far is the electrocardiogram, with its capacity to indicate signs of occult heart disease. The second most important evaluation is the hemoglobin ... for resection of the colon is always normal and would be of least value among these tests
Description : If a necrotizing soft tissue infection is considered, therapy mandates: a. Empiric administration of antibiotics active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria b. Due to usually ... is mandatory d. The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been demonstrated to be clearly advantageous
Last Answer : Answer: a, c Identification of a necrotizing, soft tissue infection mandates immediate operative intervention with aggressive resection of all involved tissues and empiric ... remains without controlled trials demonstrating any additional benefits derived from hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning initial microbiologic diagnostic techniques. a. Appropriate expeditious transport of specimens to the microbiology laboratory is essential for obtaining accurate ... a 4-to 8-fold increase over the MIC to be considered clinically efficacious.
Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Because most surgical infections are polymicrobial, specimens should be cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as fungi. Although aerobic and aerotolerant ... fold increase over MIC during the peak serum level have been demonstrated to be clinically efficacious
Description : The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorisedas (a) cyanobacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) heterotrophic bacteria.
Last Answer : (d) heterotrophic bacteria
Description : The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in marking curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as (1) Heterotrophic bacteria (2) Cyanobacteria (3) Archaebacteria (4) Chemosynthetic autotrophs
Last Answer : (1) Heterotrophic bacteria
Description : There are a multitude of various dressings available. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning options for surgical dressings? a. Hydrocolloids, such as karaya compounds, offer ... are highly useful in debriding necrotic and fibrous material from wounds and absorbing wound serum
Last Answer : Answer: a, d Although the simplest dressing of gauze and tape combined with the use of antibacterial ointment can achieve moist wound healing in most patients. A multitude of other ... agents have high absorbency for tissue wound fluid and debride necrotic and fibrous material from the wound
Description : Beta - lactamase production by strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neissera gonorrhoeae confers resistance against penicillin G.which one of the following antibiotics is most likely to be ... ? (a) Ampicillin (b) Ceftriaxone (c) Clindamycin (d) Gentamicin (e) Piperacillin
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : To what does the atmosphere's "greenhouse effect" refer to? w) the fact that ozone reflects ultraviolet radiation x) the fact that air prevents heat from leaving the earth y) the fact that clouds prevent sunlight from reaching the earth z) the fact that green plants use sunlight to produce food
Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- THE FACT THAT AIR PREVENTS HEAT FROM LEAVING THE EARTH
Description : ___is defined as clumping of particles that have antigen on their surface and is brought about by anti-bodies. a) Agglutination b) Hemolysis c) Reaction
Last Answer : a) Agglutination is defined as clumping of particles that have antigen on their surface and is brought about by antibodies. Agglutination is a phenomenon that occurs when there are particles with antigens on ... reactions. In this context, it's not specific enough to be an answer to the question.
Description : The following is true of bezafibrate except: A. It activates lipoprotein lipase B. It mainly lowers serum triglyceride level with smaller effect on LDL cholesterol level C. It increases the incidence of myopathy due to statins D. It tends to lower plasma fibrinogen level
Last Answer : C. It increases the incidence of myopathy due to statins
Description : An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.
Last Answer : b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens.
Description : The role of the M cell is to A- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for ... and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine
Last Answer : pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen
Description : Software that prevents unauthorized persons from accessing certain parts of a program, database or network is: a) Firewall b) Scanner c) Anti - Virus d) None of These
Last Answer : a) Firewall
Description : The treatment of the following patient should include: a. Initial empiric therapy directed against both aerobes and anaerobes b. The addition of anti-fungal therapy in an elderly patient ... therapy is appropriate if the agents selected possess activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
Last Answer : Answer: a, e The primary treatment for a perforated viscus is surgical, however antimicrobial therapy is an extremely important adjunct. Empiric antibiotic therapy for secondary ... whereas longer periods are indicated for immunosuppressed patients and with patients with extensive contamination
Description : Honey that has high concentration of sugar does not decay because (1) Bacteria cannot survive in an active state as it is totally deprived of oxygen (2) It contains natural antioxidant that prevents bacterial ... state in a solution of high osmotic strength as water is drawn out (4) None of these
Last Answer : (3) Bacteria cannot survive in an active state in a solution of high osmotic strength as water is drawn out Explanation: The reason why bacteria does not grow in high concentration of sugar ... measure of unbound, free water molecules in the food that is necessary for microbial survival and growth.
Last Answer : Bacteria cannot survive in an active state in a solution of high osmotic strength as water is drawn out
Description : Do anti-vaxxers also eschew things like tetanus shots and antibiotics?
Last Answer : Some do I am sure. I am anti- OVER vaccinating, and this is why I won't be re-vaccinating my 7 and 10 yr. old cats that are indoors only at this time. They have enough immunity ... horses. Horses are highly susceptible to Tetanus, more so than other farm animals, though they are vaccinated as well.
Description : Clotrimazole and nystatin are both A. topical antifungals B. anti-itch creams C. topical antibiotics D. used to treat eczema
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts
Last Answer : IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus
Description : Educating Yourself on the Best Anti Wrinkle Serum?
Last Answer : Are you happy with a particular product that you believe is the best anti wrinkle serum? If so, you might want to take a look at the ingredients to figure out what is different about it than other ... such ingredients. If you can find a cheaper one, this could save you money on the wrinkle products.
Description : Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How is this antibody diversity generated? A- By rearrangements of the DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy ... proteins can physically change their shape to bind different epitopes D- Both (a) and (b)
Last Answer : Both (a) and (b)
Description : What are the antibiotics obtained from bacteria? -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : What is the cellular functions that occur when antibiotics attack a bacteria cell?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : How do antibiotic resistant bacteria resist antibiotics?
Last Answer : becomes resistant to antibiotics mostly by the misuse of antibiotics
Description : A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain ... normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The presence of severe perineal infection (referred to as Fournier gangrene when this process involves the perineum and scrotum in males) is associated with a ... often provides improved wound care and patient management, although it is not invariably a positive outcome
Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria
Description : Superinfections are more common with (a) Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics (b) Short courses of antibiotics (c) Use of antibiotics that are completely absorbed from the small intestines (d) Use of antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Description : Widespread and prolonged used of an antibiotic leads to emergence of drug resistant strains because antibiotics (a) Induce mutation in the bacteria (b) Promote conjugation among bacteria (c) Allow resistant strains to propagate preferentially (d) All of the above
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : The main reason why antibodies could not solve all the problems of bacteria mediated disease is (a) decreased efficiency of the immune system (b) insensitivity of the individual ... development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies (d) inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzymes.
Last Answer : (c) development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies
Description : Antibiotics are products of (a) Bacteria and fungi (b) Fungi and parasites (c) Parasites and bacteria (d) Fungi and viruses
Last Answer : (a) Bacteria and fungi
Description : Prophylaxis antibiotic for anthrax is given to people with symptoms who have been in a defined hot zone for a period of a) 60 days. Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should ... . Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should be given 60 days of prophylactic antibiotic
Last Answer : a) 60 days. Those with symptoms who have been in the hot zone should be given 60 days of prophylactic antibiotic. The aim of prophylaxis is to assure that if spores were ... of mediastinal lymph node involvement should be treated with intravenous antibiotics and respiratory support, if needed.
Description : _______ is suspension of dead or weakened microbes. a) vaccine b)antibodies c)antibiotics d)bacteria
Last Answer : a) vaccine
Description : Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above
Last Answer : D. All of the above
Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria
Last Answer : B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Description : Superinfections are more common with: A. Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics B. Short courses of antibiotics C. Use of antibiotics that are completely absorbed from the small intestines D. Use of antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Last Answer : D. Use of antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Description : Widespread and prolonged use of an antibiotic leads to emergence of drug resistant strains because antibiotics: A. Induce mutation in the bacteria B. Promote conjugation among bacteria C. Allow resistant strains to propagate preferentially D. All of the above
Last Answer : C. Allow resistant strains to propagate preferentially
Description : A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies when introduced into a living organism is known as— (1) carcinogen (2) androgen (3) antigen (4) oestrogen
Last Answer : (3) antigen Explanation: Antigens are the substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody. Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of ... of a protein is determined by its sequence of amino acids as well as by its conformation.
Description : What is antisense technology? (a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene (b) RNA polymerase producing DNA (c) A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens (d) Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures
Last Answer : (a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
Description : What is the greek term for something that prevents the growth of germs?
Last Answer : I do not think the Ancient greeks knew about "germs". However, I think the word you are after is "antiseptic", (anti-+ Greek sēptikos putrefying)
Description : The contraceptive ‘Saheli’ (a) blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted (b) increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents ovulation in females (c) is an IUD (d) is a post-coital contraceptive.
Last Answer : (a) blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted
Description : The contraceptive 'SAHELI' (1) blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted. (2) increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents ovulation in females. (3) is an lUD. (4) is a post-coital contraceptive.
Last Answer : (1) blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted.
Description : Choose the correct statement about aspirin: A. In an afebrile patient acute overdose of aspirin produces hypothermia B. Aspirin suppresses flushing attending large dose of nicotinic acid C. Aspirin ... acute rheumatic fever D. Long term aspirin therapy increases the risk of developing colon cancer
Last Answer : B. Aspirin suppresses flushing attending large dose of nicotinic acid
Description : Glycol is added to aviation gasoline because it (1) reduces evaporation of petrol (2) increases efficiency of petrol (3) prevents freezing of petrol (4) reduces consumption of petrol
Last Answer : prevents freezing of petrol
Description : In a patient of bronchial asthma, inhaled salbutamol produces the following effect(s). (a) Inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in the lungs (b) Causes bronchodilatation (c) Reduces bronchial hyperreactivity (d) Both (b) and (c)
Description : Regarding interferon: a. it is a virus specific molecules b. it acts by neutralizing exotoxin c. it enhances the histocompatibility antigen on cell surface and thereby activate the T cells d. it exerts its effect by integrating itself with the DNA of virus infected cells
Last Answer : it enhances the histocompatibility antigen on cell surface and thereby activate the T cells