DefinitionRheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that may develop after an infection with Streptococcus bacteria (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). The disease can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain.Alternative NamesAcute rheumatic feverCauses, incidence, and risk factorsRheumatic fever is common worldwide and is responsible for many cases of damaged heart valves. It is not common in the United States, and usually occurs in isolated outbreaks. The latest outbreak was in the 1980s.Rheumatic fever mainly affects children ages 6 -15, and occurs approximately 20 days after strep throat or scarlet fever.SymptomsAbdominal painFeverHeart (cardiac) problems, which may not have symptoms, or may result in shortness of breath and chest painJoint pain, arthritis (mainly in the knees,