A diagnosis of high cholesterol spells confusion for many patients. With confusing information and numerous products designed to lower cholesterol, consumers benefit from an understanding of what cholesterol is and how our body processes it. Cholesterol forms an essential component of cell membranes and assists in tissue repair. Additionally, it helps to manufacture bile acid, vitamin D and steroid hormones such as cortisol, estrogen and testosterone. The liver produces the majority of the body's cholesterol, while the rest comes from diet. Humans consume cholesterol in animal-based foods such as meat, cheese and eggs. Other sources include saturated and trans fat from baked, fried, snack and fast foods. After a meal, dietary cholesterol is absorbed from the intestine and stored in the liver for release as needed by the body. Because the body naturally produces cholesterol, diets rich in cholesterol-laden fatty foods overload the body. Two different types of cholesterol exist. High Density Lipoprotein, or HDL, is called good cholesterol because it removes cholesterol from artery walls and deposits it in the liver for processing. Low Density Lipoprotein, or LDL, earns the designation of bad cholesterol because it attaches to artery walls and slows blood flow. Stroke and heart attack could be caused by high LDL cholesterol levels. Genetically, lower LDL receptors increase the risk of atherosclerosis or clogged arteries. Patients strive for low levels of LDL cholesterol and high levels of HDL cholesterol for optimal health. Physicians recommend blood tests every five years to screen cholesterol levels. Optimum cholesterol levels remain under 200. High levels of over 240 require treatment. For effective treatment, combine drugs with a diet rich in relatively cholesterol-free plant-based foods. Foods labeled with phytosterols may reduce the absorption of cholesterol and increase levels of good cholesterol. Reduce the amount of fat consumed, particularly animal proteins that raise blood cholesterol faster than other foods. Add aerobic exercise to the current exercise regimen to promote heart health. Available drugs prevent the liver from producing and absorbing cholesterol or raise HDL while lowering LDL. While high cholesterol levels remain a plague for patients of all ages, anyone can seek a healthier lifestyle. Make healthy dietary changes, exercise, and discuss the use of medications with a primary care physician. All attempts to lower cholesterol levels aid in overall health and can lead to a longer, healthier life.