i) LVDT
➢ LVDT used to measure force
➢ LVDT used to measure strain
➢ LVDT used to measure weight
➢ LVDT used to measure tension
➢ LVDT used to measure pressure
➢ The LVDT can be used for displacement measurement ranging from fraction of mm to few cm.
➢ Testing of soil strength
➢ PILL making Machine
➢ “Brain Probing” medical device
➢ Robotic Cleaner
➢ Dollar bill thickness in ATM Machine.
➢ Hydraulic cylinder Displacement
➢ temperature transducers,
➢ valve control,
➢ servo valve displacement sensing
ii) RVDT
➢ Hydraulic pump control
➢ Valve position
➢ Rotary actuator feedback
➢ Arm position
➢ Throttle lever position feedback
➢ Reeler / Dereeler
➢ Fuel Valves as well as Hydraulic
➢ Modern machine tools
➢ Controls Fuel
➢ Brake with cable systems
➢ Engines bleed air-systems
➢ Robotics
iii) Capacitive
➢ The capacitive transducers are used to measure humidity in gases.
➢ It is used to measure volume, liquid level, density etc.
➢ It is used for measurement of linear and angular displacement.
➢ Capacitive displacement sensors are used for distance measurement
➢ Other typical applications are tolerance testing in mass production,
➢ Vibration measurement,
➢ Strain measurement,
➢ Thickness measurement and thickness control of thin metal foils,
➢ Thickness measurement of plastic foils during production,
➢ beveling and bending of wafers in semiconductor production and many more.
(iv) Piezoelectric
➢ Piezoelectric transducers are used in high frequency accelerometer.
➢ Piezoelectric materials are used in industrial cleansing apparatus.
➢ It is used in under water detection system i.e. SONAR.
➢ These are used in measurement of surface roughness in accelerometers and vibration picks ups.
➢ It is used in ultrasonic flow meters, non-destructive test (NDT) equipment’s
➢ Piezoelectric materials are used in ultrasonic transducers.