Description : Which of the following findings in the patient who has sustained a head injury indicate increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)? a) Widened pulse pressure Additional signs of increasing ICP ... regarded as unfavorable because hyperthermia may indicate brain stem damage, a poor prognostic sign.
Last Answer : a) Widened pulse pressure Additional signs of increasing ICP include increasing systolic blood pressure, bradycardia, rapid respirations, and rapid rise in body temperature.
Description : When the nurse observes that the patient's heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration, the nurse reports that the patient is demonstrating a) sinus dysrhythmia. Sinus dysrhythmia ... occurs when the sinus node regularly creates an impulse at a faster-than-normal rate.
Last Answer : a) sinus dysrhythmia. Sinus dysrhythmia occurs when the sinus node creates an impulse at an irregular rhythm.
Description : Which of the following terms is used to describe a tachycardia characterized by abrupt onset, abrupt cessation, and a QRS of normal duration? a) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAT ... fibrillation Atrial fibrillation causes a rapid, disorganized, and uncoordinated twitching of atrial musculature.
Last Answer : a) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAT is often caused by a conduction problem in the AV node and is now called AV nodal reentry tachycardia.
Description : The cardiac response to verapamil and nifedipine in human subjects is: A. Verapamil causes tachycardia while nifedipine causes bradycardia B. Both cause bradycardia C. Verapamil causes bradycardia while nifedipine causes tachycardia D. Both cause tachycardia
Last Answer : C. Verapamil causes bradycardia while nifedipine causes tachycardia
Description : A 16-year-old-girl is found to have paroxysmal attacks of rapid heart rate. The antiarrhythmic of choice in most cases of acute AV nodal tachycardia is (a) Adenosine (b) Amiodarone (c) Flecainide (d) Propranolol (e) Quinidine
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : All of the following are true about neurogenic shock except: A. There is a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in venous capacitance. B. Tachycardia or bradycardia may be ... Severe head injury, spinal cord injury, and high spinal anesthesia may all cause neurogenic shock.
Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Neurogenic shock occurs when severe head injury, spinal cord injury, or pharmacologic sympathetic blockade leads to sympathetic denervation and loss of vasomotor tone. ... of treatment. The use of alpha-adrenergic agonist is infrequently necessary to treat neurogenic shock
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe heart muscle? Is it: a) myocardium b) epicardium c) pericardium d) tachycardium
Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- MYOCARDIUM
Description : Which of the following terms describes the process by which red blood cells are formed? Is it: a) erythroblastosis b) erythropoiesis c) erythromyacinosis d) cardiosis
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- ERYTHROPOIESIS
Description : When the nurse observes an ECG tracing on a cardiac monitor with a pattern in lead II and observes a bizarre, abnormal shape to the QRS complex, the nurse has likely ... Ventricular fibrillation is a rapid but disorganized ventricular rhythm that causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles.
Last Answer : a) Ventricular bigeminy Ventricular bigeminy is a rhythm in which every other complex is a PVC.
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe a severe depletion or deficiency in total body water? Is it: a) hydrophobia b) hydropenia c) hydrolysis d) none of these
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- HYDROPENIA
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe the first step in the production of urine? Is it: a) tubular secretion b) tubular reabsorption c) glomerular filtration d) none of these
Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe the hereditary condition associated with an excessively high level of uric acid in the blood? a) gout b) cystitis c) uric ptosis d) none of these
Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- GOUT
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms would be used to describe the lack of voluntary control of urination or voiding of the bladder? Is it a) anuria b) suppression c) incontinence d) none of these
Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- INCONTINENCE
Description : Which of the following is/are acceptable reasons for the transfusion of red blood cells based on currently available data? A. Rapid, acute blood loss with unstable vital signs but no available ... increase wound healing. D. A hematocrit of 26% in an otherwise stable, asymptomatic patient.
Last Answer : Answer: AB DISCUSSION: Currently accepted guidelines for the transfusion of packed red blood cells include acute ongoing blood loss, as might occur in an injured patient, and the development of ... not be given based solely or predominantly on a numerical value such as a hematocrit of 28%
Description : The nurse recognizes which of the following signs as typical of the patient in shock? a) Rapid, weak, thready pulse Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate. b) Flushed face Pallor is ... urine output Usually, a low blood pressure and concentrated urine are observed in the patient in shock.
Last Answer : a) Rapid, weak, thready pulse Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate.
Description : The antianginal effect of propranolol may be attributed to which one of the following (a) Block of exercise – induced tachycardia (b) Decreased end – diastolic ventricular volume (c) Dilation of consticted coronary vessels (d) Increased cardiac force (e) Increased resting heart rate
Description : Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as in maximal exercise, can produce all of the following responses except (a) Bronchial relaxation (b) Decreases intestinal motility (c) Increased renal blood flow (d) Mydriasis (e) Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Tachycardia is a condition characterized by (1) heart-rate decreases from the normal (2) heart- rate increases from the normal (3) heart-beat stops (4) heart fails to pump
Last Answer : (2) heart- rate increases from the normal Explanation: Tachycardia is a heart rate that exceeds the nor-mal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is ... a person is at rest. Tachycardia occurs when an abnormality in the heart produces rapid electrical signals.
Description : Which of the following manifestations is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia? a) Tachycardia (heart rate above 150 beats per minute) Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of malignant ... develops rapidly. d) Oliguria Scant urinary output is a later sign of malignant hyperthermia.
Last Answer : a) Tachycardia (heart rate above 150 beats per minute) Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia.
Description : Infusion of potassium chloride is indicated in digitalis toxicity when the manifestation(s) is/are: A. Vomiting, hyperapnoea and visual disturbance B. Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate 110/min ... accidentally ingested 10 digoxin tablets D. 2:1 A-V block with occasional ventricular extrasystoles
Last Answer : B. Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate 110/min in a patient on maintenance digoxin therapy
Last Answer : heart- rate increases from the normal
Description : In studies of the human body, which of the following terms can also be used when referring to the pituitary gland? I it: a) thymus b) hypophysis (pron: hypo-fi-sis) c) pancreas d) none of the above
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- HYPOPHYSIS
Description : Mu opioids have which of the following effects on respiratory rate: a) Stimulation, then depression Mu opioids also cause bradycardia, hypothermia, and constipation. b) No change Kappa opioids result ... nor kappa, nor delta opoids depress respiratory rate as its only effect upon respiratory rate.
Last Answer : a) Stimulation, then depression Mu opioids also cause bradycardia, hypothermia, and constipation.
Description : Which of the following terms is used to describe rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements of the extremities? a) Chorea Choreiform movements, such as grimacing, may also be ... movements. d) Spondylosis Spondylosis refers to degenerative arthritis of the cervical or lumbar vertebrae.
Last Answer : a) Chorea Choreiform movements, such as grimacing, may also be observed in the face.
Description : What is a pulse heart rate and how can you check it?
Last Answer : You can check your pulse rate by placing a finger on the vein in your wrist and watching a clock. A resting pulse of 98 is a little high, but within a healthy range.
Description : Pulse reading is done by doctors to find out (a) Temperature (b) Heart beat (c) Blood pressure (d) Respiration rate
Last Answer : Ans:(b)
Description : A patient has been taking digoxin for several years for chronic heart failure is about to receive atropine for another condition. A common effect of digoxin (at therapeutic blood levels) that can ... Increased atrial contractility (c) Increased PR interval on the ECG (d) Headaches (e) Tachycardia
Description : Procainamide differs from quinidine in the following respect (a) It does not cause paradoxical tachycardia (b) It has no alfa adrenergic blocking activity (c) It has little antivagal action (d) Both (b ... a) Pacemaker function (b) Resting potential (c) Action potential duration (d) All of the above
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Digoxin is contraindicated in: A. Angina pectoris patients B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Hypertensive patients D. Complete heart-block
Last Answer : B. Ventricular tachycardia
Description : A patient is admitted to the emergency room with orthostatic hypotension and evidence of marked GI bleeding. Which of the following most accurately describes the probable autonomic response to this ... constricted pupils, increased bowel sounds (e) Rapid heart rate, constricted pupils, warm skin
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : In rapid eye movement sleep, the following are seen: a. increased heart rate b. increased systolic blood pressure c. decreased respiratory rate d. all above
Last Answer : increased systolic blood pressure
Description : When the nurse observes that the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 80-90 mm Hg, respirations are rapid and shallow, heart rate is over 150 beats per minute, and ... d) Irreversible In refractory or irreversible shock, the patient requires complete mechanical and pharmacologic support.
Last Answer : a) Compensatory In compensatory shock, the patient’s blood pressure is normal, respirations are above 20, and heart rate is above 100 but below 150.
Description : Succinylcholine is the preferred muscle relaxant for tracheal intubation because: A. It produces rapid and complete paralysis of respiratory muscles with quick recovery B. It does not alter heart rate or ... C. It does not cause histamine release D. It does not produce postoperative muscle soreness
Last Answer : A. It produces rapid and complete paralysis of respiratory muscles with quick recovery
Description : Which of the following terms refers to cells that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin? a) Anaplasia Usually, anaplastic cells are ... number of cells of a tissue, most often associated with a period of rapid body growth.
Last Answer : a) Anaplasia Usually, anaplastic cells are malignant.
Description : A friend has very severe hypertension and asks about a drug her doctor wishes to prescribe. Her physician has explained that this drug is associated with tachycardia and fluid retention (which may be marked ... has described? (a) Captopril (b) Guanethidine (c) Minoxidil (d) Prazosin (e) Propranolol
Description : Quinidine is now used primarily for (a) Conversion of auricular fibrillation to sinus rhythm (b) Control of ventricular rate in atrial flutter (c) Termination of ventricular tachycardia (d) Prevention of recurrences of atrial and ventricular extrasystoles/tachycardias
Description : Premature ventricular contractions are considered precursors of ventricular tachycardia when they a) occur at a rate of more than six per minute. When PVCs occur at a rate of more than six per minute they ... paired with a normal beat. A PVC that is paired with a normal beat is termed bigeminy.
Last Answer : a) occur at a rate of more than six per minute. When PVCs occur at a rate of more than six per minute they indicate increasing ventricular irritability and are considered forerunners of ventricular tachycardia (VT).
Description : Quinidine is now used primarily for: A. Conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm B. Control of ventricular rate in atrial flutter C. Termination of ventricular tachycardia D. Prevention of recurrences of atrial fibrillation/ ventricular tachycardia
Last Answer : D. Prevention of recurrences of atrial fibrillation/ ventricular tachycardia
Description : Upon the entry of carbon dioxide in the red blood cells, H+ionsare formed at a very rapid rate, and yet the blood does not turn acid because (a) H+ ions are rapidly exchanged at the ... haemoglobin and plasma (d) H+ ions are buffered by proteins of haemoglobin and proteins and phosphates of plasma
Last Answer : Ans:(c)
Description : Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are (a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution (b) high ... (d) high mortality, high density, uneven population growth and a very old age distribution.
Last Answer : (a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution
Description : The action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor is (a) Vasoconstriction (b) Bradycardia (c) EDRF release (d) Platelet aggregation
Description : The following are the classical hemolytic transfusion reaction in general anesthesia except A. Hypotension B. Wheezing C. Hemoglobinuria D. bradycardia
Description : Choose the correct statement about pentazocine: A. It causes bradycardia and fall in blood pressure B. Its subjective effects are pleasurable at low doses but turn unpleasant at high doses C. It induces vomiting frequently D. It substitutes for morphine in dependent subjects
Last Answer : B. Its subjective effects are pleasurable at low doses but turn unpleasant at high doses
Description : The usual cardiovascular effect of levodopa is: A. Bradycardia due to increased vagal tone B. Rise in blood pressure due to increased noradrenaline content of adrenergic nerve endings C. Fall in blood pressure due to decrease in sympathetic tone D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct
Last Answer : C. Fall in blood pressure due to decrease in sympathetic tone
Description : Use of glycopyrrolate in preanaesthetic medication serves the following purposes except: A. Prevents respiratory secretions during anaesthesia B. Guards against reflex vagal bradycardia during ... Produces amnesia for perioperative events D. Reduces the probability of occurrence of laryngospasm
Last Answer : C. Produces amnesia for perioperative events
Description : The following factor is not involved in the causation of hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia: A. Histamine release B. Reduced sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone C. Decreased venous return from the lower limbs D. Bradycardia
Last Answer : A. Histamine release
Description : The following is not a feature of cardioselective beta blockers, when compared to propranolol: A. They are ineffective in suppressing muscle tremor B. They are safer in diabetics C. They are less likely to cause bradycardia D. They are less likely to worsen Raynaud’s disease
Last Answer : C. They are less likely to cause bradycardia
Description : The nonselective α adrenergic blockers produce the following actions except: A. Postural hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Miosis D. Inhibition of ejaculation
Last Answer : B. Bradycardia
Description : Initial bradycardia caused by intramuscular injection of atropine is believed to be caused by: A. Stimulation of medullary vagal centre B. Stimulation of vagal ganglia C. Blockade of M2 receptors on SA nodal cells D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings
Last Answer : D. Blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors on vagal nerve endings
Description : Cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation produces the following effects except: A. Sweating B. Rise in blood pressure C. Bradycardia D. Urination
Last Answer : B. Rise in blood pressure