Techniques for improving productivity
1) Work Study:- It aims ,one to find out the best method of doing job and another one is to find the time taken to do it. This is done by breaking down the job into its various elements, eliminating all unnecessary movements and estimating the time taken to do this job with the help of stopwatch. Second aim is to ensure that all workers engaged in the job are trained to do it in the best way. 2) Human Relations:- Help in co-operative behavior from workers which results in increase in productivity. It can be improved by labour participation in goal setting, simplification in communication system, minimizing the conflicts, encouragement and awarding rewards etc. 3) Incentives:- It results a considerable improvement in productivity. It encourages a worker to put in more productive effort. It is a kind of financial or non financial reward which is closely related to the performance of worker, resulting increase in wages corresponding to an increase in output. 4) Cost Control:- Productivity can be increased by reducing the cost of production. This can be done by keeping careful watch over expenditure ,reduction in wastage, reducing machine breakdown time etc. 5) Product Design:- A good product design helps in economical and convenient manufacturing. It will also minimize wastage or scrap and reduce the cost of production. It is simple to understand, reduces ineffective time and must consider the current available technology. 6) Ergonomics:-It is designing the man machine system in such a way that to ensure high productivity and safety of workers. 7) Management by Objectives:-It is a style of managing an organization which gives stress on the achievement of results expressed in terms of objectives. Jointly superior and subordinates management identify common goals and define individuals responsibility in terms of results expected from him. 8) TQM:-Total Quality Management set the activities involving everybody in an organization in a totally integrated efforts improving performance at every level. Effective TQM results in grater customer satisfaction, fewer defects, less waste, improved profitability and increased productivity.