Explain the various steps for planning a process for product from raw material to finished product in an industry.
1. Analysis of Product and its specification: - During analysis, following parameter should be considereda. Drawing and specification of product.
b. Quality of product.
c. Number of parts/components per product.
2. Make or buy decision: Process planning determines what parts are to be manufactured in the firm itself and what parts are to be purchased from outside.
3. Selection of basic manufacturing process: Once the decision is taken what parts to be manufactured, next step is to decide the manufacturing process. The alternative methods are compared and most practical and economical method is decided by calculating and comparing total cost for two or more feasible method.
4. Determining sequence of operation: Once the best manufacturing process is selected, sequence of operation to be performed on each component is determined.
5. Combine the operations: If possible practically, combine as many operations as possible. As it is economical to combine the operations.
6. Selection of machine tools/equipments: Selection of correct machine is closely related to the process of manufacture. While selecting the machine, following factors should be considered:
a. Size and form of work piece.
b. Accuracy and surface finish required.
c. Quantity required.
7. Inspection: At this stage, inspection devices and stages are decided.
8. Requirement of tools, gauges etc.: To determine and order the tools and gauges required to manufacture the part.
9. Labour requirement: Kind/Skill of labour required to do the job.
10. Time standards: To determine the time standards for performance of the job and fixing the rates of payment.
11. Prepare the route sheet and operation sheet.