Write the function of C and L in π filter and write two advantages of π filter over other filters.

1 Answer

Answer :

The capacitors C1 and C2 provide a low reactance path for the ripple whereas the series inductor L provides a high reactance to the ac ripple. The combined effect of this is the reduction in ripple, and improvement in the output waveform.

Advantages:

1. Easy to design

2. Reduction in the ripple content of the output voltage waveform

3. In addition to that the ripple factor is very low.

4. High dc voltage (approximately Vm)

5. Increase in the average load voltage. 

Related questions

Description : With help of circuit diagram and waveform, explain working of CLC or π- filter.

Last Answer : Circuit diagram CLC or Π filter:   Working : It consist of a filter capacitor C1 connected across the rectifier o/p , a choke L is series and another filter capacitor C2 connected across the load. ... to block. Therefore, only d.c component appears across the load and that is what we desire.  

Description : Draw π-filter and state its working.

Last Answer : Circuit Diagram:   Working : It consists of a filter capacitor C1 connected across the rectifier output, a choke L is series and another filter capacitor C2 connected across the load RL. The ... which the choke has failed to block. Therefore, only d.c component appears across the load. 

Description : State the advantages of L and C filter. 

Last Answer : Advantages of L filter 1. It has low ripple factor at heavy load currents (i.e. low load resistance) 2. It has no surge current through the diode. 3. It reduces the ripple in the DC output ... . It is more suitable for light loads. 6. It has no load voltage equal to maximum transformer voltage. 

Description : State the advantages and disadvantages of series inductor and shunt capacitor filter.

Last Answer : Advantages of series inductor filter 1. It has low ripple factor at heavy load currents (i.e. low load resistance) 2. It has no surge current through the diode. 3. It reduces the ripple in the DC ... . 3. It has low output voltages for heavy loads. 4. Ripple factor is dependent on the load.

Description : State different types of filters.

Last Answer : Types of filters: 1. Series inductor (or choke) filter 2. Shunt capacitor filter 3. Choke input (LC or L type) filter 4. Capacitor input (CLC or πtype) filter

Description : State the need of filters. 

Last Answer :  The output of a rectifier is pulsating D.C. [i.e. it contain A.C along with D.C components]. The A.C. components are undesirable and must be removed from the pulsating D.C to obtain pure D.C. signal. To remove the ripples, filter circuit is used. 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier. Draw the waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Last Answer : Fig: Shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier Fig: Waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Description : State the necessity of rectifier and filter circuits.

Last Answer : Need of Rectifiers: Many electronic devices and circuits work on DC. It is then needed to convert A.C. into D.C. Rectifier is the best and cheapest way to provide D.C. for electronic devices. ... moved from the pulsating D.C. to obtain pure D.C. signal. To remove this filter circuit is used. 

Description : With help of circuit diagram and waveform, explain shunt capacitor filter.

Last Answer : Circuit diagram and Waveform: OR Explanation: A filter circuit is one which removes the ac component present in the rectified output and allows the dc component to reach the ... which allows ac components. The remaining dc components present in the signal are collected at the output. 

Description : Draw and describe circuit diagram of centre tapped rectifier with LC filter along with its input and output waveforms.

Last Answer : Explanation: A centre- tap full wave rectifier drive produces the rectified voltage and it drives the LC filter. We know that the series inductor filter is preferred for low values of load resistance ( ... load RL. The output voltage waveforms are similar to that as shown in figure above.  

Description : List the two advantages of Bridge Rectifier. 

Last Answer : The advantages of bridge rectifier: The output is twice that of the center-tap circuit for the same secondary voltage. The PIV is one half that of the center-tap circuit. The ... and hence transformer losses are reduced. It can be used in applications allowing floating output terminals. 

Description : Write two applications of P-N junction diode and zener diode. 

Last Answer : Application of P-N junction diode: Used in rectifier circuit Used in clipping and clamping circuit. Used for A.M detection Used for voltage multiplier. Application of Zener diode: It is ... . Used in protection circuits for MOSFET. Used in pulse amplifier. Used in clipping circuits.

Description : State two functions of slug- tuned inductor and write the expression of self-inductance.

Last Answer : It is kind of variable inductor. The value of inductance increases, when the slug is moved into the coil winding and decreases the resonant frequency. When the slug is moved out of the coil ... decreases and resonant frequency of the tuned circuit increases. Self-inductance (L)= N x φ /I

Description : Draw the characteristics of tunnel diode and write two applications of it.

Last Answer :  Characteristics:  Applications: 1. In the digital networks 2. As a high speed switch 3. As a high frequency oscillator 4. High speed computers

Description : Write two applications of clipper and two of clamper.

Last Answer : Application of Clipper:  In the case of generating new waveforms and/or shaping the existing older waveforms. Clippers can be used as freewheeling diodes in protecting the transistors from transient ... called as direct current restorers as they clamp the wave forms to a fixed DC potential.

Description : Write working principle of photodiode and state its two applications.

Last Answer : Working principle of photodiode:   Working principle: A photodiode is a PN- junction diode that consumes light energy to produce electric current. Sometimes it is also called as photo- ... Optical remote control Smoke detectors Flame detectors Intruder alert security system 

Description : Write two applications of i) LED ii) photodiode.

Last Answer : LED:   1. In the opto- couplers.  2. In the infrared remote controls.  3. As indicators in various electronic circuits.  4. In seven segment and alphanumeric displays.  5. In optical switching ... As photo (light) detector.  5. In light intensity meters.  6. In the object counting system. 

Description : Draw the constructional diagram of iron core inductor and write the working of it.

Last Answer : Iron core inductors allow high inductance value but are limited in high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. Iron core increases the magnetic induction of a ... certain point this result in a useful increase in inductance. Beyond that point, inductance decreases.

Description : Write four specifications of capacitor. Write the range of values for any one type of capacitor.

Last Answer : Specifications of capacitor are: i. Working voltage ii. Capacitive reactance iii. Dissipation factor iv. Frequency characteristics v. Equivalent series resistance vi. Quality Factor vii. Tolerance Electrolytic capacitor= 0.47μF to 10,000μF

Description : Write the specifications of linear and non- linear potentiometers. State its applications

Last Answer : Specifications of linear & nonlinear potentiometers:  1. Ohmic range: 10Ω to 125 kΩ 2. Power rating : 100watt to 200 watt 3. Tolerance :  2% 4. Voltage Rating: 5V-500V 5. Operating ... 7. Used as potential dividers. 8. It is used for panel control in receivers, function generator etc 

Description : State operating principle of LED. Write material names used to manufacture LED.

Last Answer : Principle of Operation of LED:  When an LED is forward biased, the electron in the n-region will cross the junction and recombine with the holes is p-type. When the recombination takes ... Gallium Arsenide Phosphite (GaAsP) : Red or Yellow. Gallium Phosphite (GaP) : Red or Green.

Description : Write the difference between iron core inductor and ferrite core inductor. 

Last Answer : difference between iron core inductor and ferrite core inductor

Description : Write colour code of 1 kΩ resistor.

Last Answer : The colour code of 1 kΩ resistor is : Brown, Black, Red

Description : List two applications of LDR.

Last Answer : 1. It is used for automatic contrast of brightness control in television receivers. 2. It is used as a proximity switch. 3. It is used in the street light control circuits. 4. It is used in the ... security alarms. 9. It is used in the smoke detectors. 10. It is used in the infrared astronomy.

Description : Draw the construction diagram of air core inductor. List two applications

Last Answer : Applications: i. It is used for construction of IF and RF tuning coils. ii. It is used for interstage coupling.

Description : List specifications of resistors and explain any two.

Last Answer : List specifications of resistors are as follows: 1. Maximum voltage rating. 2. Power rating. 3. Temperature co- efficient of resistance. 4. Tolerance. 5. Operating temperature. 6. Ohmic ... form of energy. Tolerance: It is defined as deviation from nominal value of resistance in percent.

Description : Draw the characteristics of tunnel diode, showing operating regions. State two applications of tunnel diode.

Last Answer : Applications: One of the important application of a tunnel diode is in high speed computers where the switching times in the order of nanoseconds or picoseconds are desirable. A tunnel diode can be ... In digital networks. 2. As a high speed switch. 3. As a high frequency oscillator.

Description : State any Four specifictions of capacitor and explain any two in details.

Last Answer : Specifictions of capacitor: 1.Dielectric material 2.Capacitance value 3.Working voltage 4.Tolerence 5.Temperature coefficient 6.Power factor 7.C/V ratio 9.Insulation resistance Explanation: 1.Working ... side from actual value. 4.C/V ratio: It is the ratio of capacitance to volume.

Description : What is magnetic material ? State it’s two applications.

Last Answer : Magnetic materials are those materials that can be either attracted or repelled when placed in an external magnetic field and can be magnetized themselves. OR The materials which provide path to ... . Applications: 1.Floppy disc ,hard disc  2.Motors and generators  3.Biomedical equipment

Description : List any two applications of photo diode and IRLED 

Last Answer : Photodiode 1. In the cameras for sensing the light intensity. 2. In CD players. 3. In the fiber optic receiver. 4. As photo (light) detector. 5. In light intensity meters. 6. In the ... shaft encoders 4. As a light source in optical fiber system 5. In the burglar alarm system.

Description : List any two applications of Schottkey diode.

Last Answer : Application of Schottky diode: • It is used in rectification of very high frequency signals. • It is used in communication system circuits. • It is used in AC to DC converters. • It is used in Radar system. • It is used in switched mode power supply. 

Description : List two applications of i) clipper ii) clamper.

Last Answer : Clipper:  1. Diode clamp 2. wave shaping circuits 3. Clippers can be used as voltage limiters and amplitude selectors. Clamper:  1. Voltage Multipliers 2. For the protection of the ... can be used for removing the distortions 4. For improving the overdrive recovery time clampers are used.

Description : Draw construction of PVC gang capacitor and describe it’s working.

Last Answer :  Diagram Working  In plastic core capacitor, poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) type of plastic film is used as dielectric between the fixed & movable vanes instead of air. This increases ... & results in great reduction of size of capacitor in comparison with the air core capacitor.

Description : Describe construction of Aluminium Electrolytic capacitor.

Last Answer : A plain foil dry electrolytic capacitor is made by forming a coating of aluminium oxide on both sides of an aluminium foil. Two strips of aluminium foil used are then separated by two layers of porous ... is rolled up the ends closed with wax and then sealed into an aluminium container.

Description : Define rectification efficiency. Give its formula.

Last Answer : The ratio of output DC power delivered to the load to the applied input AC power is called rectification efficiency. It is denoted by η. η = Output DC power delivered to the load / Input AC power from transformer secondary η = Pdc / Pac

Description : Define permeability and reluctivity of magnetic material. 

Last Answer : Permeability is the capability of a specific material to allow the flow of magnetic flux more easily. Thus higher permeability enables a material to pass more magnetic flux. Reluctivity is equal to the ratio of the intensity of the magnetic field to the magnetic induction of the material.

Description : Define following terms: i) Active networks. ii) Unilateral networks

Last Answer : i) Active networks: If a network consists of an energy source then it is called an active network. The type of energy source can be a voltage source or a current source. ii) ... direction of current through its elements in it, then the network is called as a unilateral network.

Description : Explain the working principle of slug tuned inductor.

Last Answer : The value of inductor increases, when the slug (moving coil) is moved into the coil winding and hence decreases the resonant frequency of the tuned circuit. Similarly, when the slug is moved out of the ... be varied by using movable core which can be moved up or down by using screw driver.

Description : Draw the star and delta connection. State any one conversion formula.

Last Answer : star and delta connection

Description : Explain the following terms 1. Bilateral Network 2. Linear Network

Last Answer : Bilateral Network If the magnitude of current flowing through a circuit element is not affected when the polarity of the applied voltage is changed, then the element is known as a bilateral element. ... network comprising of one or more linear number of elements is known as a linear network.

Description : Explain with neat sketch construction of PIN Diode. Draw its characteristics in reverse bias mode. 

Last Answer : Construction A PIN diode is made up of three semiconductor materials; two heavily doped P- and N- type material separated by an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor (I) as shown in above figure ... . This advantage allows the PIN diode to process even weak signals.  Characteristics

Description : Explain the working of TDR along with its symbol and characteristics. 

Last Answer : TDR are also called as thermistors. Thermally sensitive materials are used to manufacture thermistors. Depending on the temperature co- efficient of resistance value thermistors are classified as ... used when a drastic change in resistance is required at specific temperature. RαT

Description : State four applications of PIN diode. 

Last Answer : i. Used in rectifier circuit. ii. Used in clipping and clamping circuit. iii. Used for A.M detection. iv. Used for voltage multiplier.

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of bridge rectifier and label it. 

Last Answer : Circuit Diagram Bridge rectifier

Description : Draw a label diagram of ferrite core inductor.

Last Answer : Ferrite core inductor

Description : Convert the delta network into equivalent star network.

Last Answer : Delta to start network R1 = 4x6/ 4+6+2 = 24/12 =2/1= 2Ω R2 = 2x6/ 4+6+2 = 12/12= 1 = 1Ω R3 = 4x 2/ 4+6+2 = 8/12= 2/3= 0.66Ω

Description : Compare: 1. Active and passive network 2. Linear and non-linear network

Last Answer : 1. Active network and passive network. Sr.No Active network Passive network 1 If a network consists of an energy source, then it is called as an active network. If ... only to the linear networks.  The superposition theorem also is not applicable to the nonlinear networks.

Description : State the condition for RC differentiator. Draw the output waveform of RC integrator for square wave input.

Last Answer : Condition for RC differentiator: If the time duration T of the input waveform is comparable with the RC time constant (product of R and C) then the output waveform of the differentiator gets distorted. Hence for proper differentiator the condition is as follows: T >>RC

Description : Compare clipper and clamper

Last Answer : Sr. No Parameter Clipper Clamper 1 Components used Diode, Resistors  Diode, Capacitors, Resistors 2 Function To remove a part of input waveform To add a DC ... Application Diode clamp, wave shaping circuits  Voltage Multipliers  5 Configuration

Description : Draw the clipper circuit using series and shunt diode.

Last Answer : Fig: A series negative clipper (OR) Fig: Series positive clipper Fig: Parallel positive clipper (OR) Fig: Parallel negative clipper