Occlusion of the lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery results in one of the following field defects: a. Lower nasal sector field defect b. Upper nasal sector field defect c. Upper temporal field defect d. Lower temporal sector field defect

Occlusion of the lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery results in one of the following field defects: a. Lower nasal sector field defect b. Upper nasal sector field defect c. Upper temporal field defect d. Lower temporal sector field defect
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ANSWER: C  
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A young patient with sudden painless loss of vision, with systolic murmur and ocular examination reveals a cherry red spot with clear AC, the likely diagnosis is: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Description : A young patient with sudden painless loss of vision, with systolic murmur and ocular examination reveals a cherry red spot with clear AC, the likely diagnosis is: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion  

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

100 days glaucoma is seen in: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion c. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Description : 100 days glaucoma is seen in: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion c. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

A male patient 30 years old with visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. Twelve hours ago he presented with drop of vision of the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed blurred edges of the left optic disc. The most probable diagnosis is: a. Raised intra cranial pressure b. Raised ocular tension c. Central retinal artery occlusion d. Optic neuritis

Description : A male patient 30 years old with visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. Twelve hours ago he presented with drop of vision of the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6 in the ... : a. Raised intra cranial pressure b. Raised ocular tension c. Central retinal artery occlusion d. Optic neuritis

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to: a. Hemorrhage at macula b. Increased choroidal perfusion c. Increase in retinal perfusion at macula d. The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids

Description : In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to: a. Hemorrhage at macula b. Increased choroidal perfusion c. Increase in retinal perfusion at macula d. The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids  

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

A patient of old standing diabetes mellitus noticed sudden muscae volitanes. On examination, the red reflex was dim, with no details of fundus could be seen. He might have: a. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy b. Cystoid macular edema c. Vitreous hemorrhage d. Central retinal vein occlusion

Description : A patient of old standing diabetes mellitus noticed sudden muscae volitanes. On examination, the red reflex was dim, with no details of fundus could be seen. He might have: a. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy b. Cystoid macular edema c. Vitreous hemorrhage d. Central retinal vein occlusion 

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

Night blindness is caused by: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Dystrophies of retinal rods c. Dystrophies of the retinal cones d. Retinal detachment

Description : Night blindness is caused by: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Dystrophies of retinal rods c. Dystrophies of the retinal cones d. Retinal detachment

Last Answer : ANSWER: B

Commotio retinae is seen in: a. Concussion injury b. Papilloedema c. Central retinal vein thrombosis d. Central retinal artery thrombosis

Description : Commotio retinae is seen in: a. Concussion injury b. Papilloedema c. Central retinal vein thrombosis d. Central retinal artery thrombosis

Last Answer : a

Primary optic atrophy results from: a. Retinal disease b. Chronic glaucoma c. Papilledema d. Neurological disease

Description : Primary optic atrophy results from: a. Retinal disease b. Chronic glaucoma c. Papilledema d. Neurological disease

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

All the following associated open angle glaucoma include all the following except: a. Roenne’s nasal step b. Enlarged blind spot c. Generalized depression of isopters d. Loss of central fields e. Tubular vision

Description : All the following associated open angle glaucoma include all the following except: a. Roenne’s nasal step b. Enlarged blind spot c. Generalized depression of isopters d. Loss of central fields e. Tubular vision

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Description : Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

Retinal artery occlusion?

Description : Retinal artery occlusion?

Last Answer : DefinitionRetinal artery occlusion is a blockage of the blood supply in the arteries to the retina -- the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye.Alternative NamesCentral retinal artery occlusion; ... of the two large blood vessels in the neck (carotid artery disease)Disorder of high

Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except: a. Marked loss of vision b. Blurring of disc margins c. Hyperemia of disc d. Field defect

Description : Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except: a. Marked loss of vision b. Blurring of disc margins c. Hyperemia of disc d. Field defect 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

The best treatment for amblyopia is: a. Orthoptic exercises b. Occlusion c. Surgery d. Best treat after age 10 years

Description : The best treatment for amblyopia is: a. Orthoptic exercises b. Occlusion c. Surgery d. Best treat after age 10 years

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

The following are true: a. the ratio of rod to cone is about 20:1 b. there are more ganglion cells in the retina than photoreceptors c. the rod density is the highest nasal to the optic disc d. the retinal artery is the main supply of nutrients to the photoreceptors

Description : The following are true: a. the ratio of rod to cone is about 20:1 b. there are more ganglion cells in the retina than photoreceptors c. the rod density is the highest nasal to the optic disc d. the retinal artery is the main supply of nutrients to the photoreceptors

Last Answer : the ratio of rod to cone is about 20:1

Distichiasis is: a. Misdirected eyelashes b. Accessory row of eyelashes c. Downward drooping of upper lid d. Outward protrusion of lower lid

Description : Distichiasis is: a. Misdirected eyelashes b. Accessory row of eyelashes c. Downward drooping of upper lid d. Outward protrusion of lower lid 

Last Answer : ANSWER: B

Which is not found in papilloedema? a. Blurred vision b. Blurred margins of disc c. Cupping of disc d. Retinal edema

Description : Which is not found in papilloedema? a. Blurred vision b. Blurred margins of disc c. Cupping of disc d. Retinal edema

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

Commonest lesion which hinders vision in diabetic retinopathy is: a. Macular oedema b. Microaneurysm c. Retinal hemorrhage d. Retinal detachment

Description : Commonest lesion which hinders vision in diabetic retinopathy is: a. Macular oedema b. Microaneurysm c. Retinal hemorrhage d. Retinal detachment  

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.

Description : In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.  

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

Commonest cause of posterior staphyloma is: a. Glaucoma b. Retinal detachment c. Iridocyclitis d. High myopia

Description : Commonest cause of posterior staphyloma is: a. Glaucoma b. Retinal detachment c. Iridocyclitis d. High myopia

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

True statements about EOG (electro-oculogram) include: a. the EOG light-peak to dark-trough ratio is reduced in central retinal vein occlusion b. the light peak of EOG is abnormal in Best's disease c. the EOG light rise is produced by depolarization of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium d. all above

Description : True statements about EOG (electro-oculogram) include: a. the EOG light-peak to dark-trough ratio is reduced in central retinal vein occlusion b. the light peak of EOG is abnormal in Best' ... rise is produced by depolarization of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium d. all above

Last Answer : all above

The most clear cut beneficial results are obtained in the use of anticoagulants for the following purpose: A. Prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction B. Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism C. Cerebrovascular accident D. Retinal artery thrombosis

Description : The most clear cut beneficial results are obtained in the use of anticoagulants for the following purpose: A. Prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction B. Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism C. Cerebrovascular accident D. Retinal artery thrombosis

Last Answer : A. Prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction

Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Description : Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Last Answer : anaerobic metabolism predominates

What do you mean by spatial and temporal occlusion?

Description : What do you mean by spatial and temporal occlusion?

Last Answer : Need answer

A young child suffering from fever and sore throat began to complain of lacrimation. On examination, follicles were found in the lower palpebral conjunctiva with tender preauricular lymph nodes. The most probable diagnosis is: a. Trachoma b. Staphylococal conjunctivitis c. Adenoviral conjunctivitis d. Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

Description : A young child suffering from fever and sore throat began to complain of lacrimation. On examination, follicles were found in the lower palpebral conjunctiva with tender preauricular lymph ... is: a. Trachoma b. Staphylococal conjunctivitis c. Adenoviral conjunctivitis d. Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

Retinal vein occlusion?

Description : Retinal vein occlusion?

Last Answer : DefinitionRetinal vein occlusion is a blockage in the blood supply from the retina -- the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye.Alternative NamesCentral retinal vein occlusion; Branch retinal vein ... in all or part of one eyeSigns and testsTests to evaluate the retina include:Color visionE

Haemoglobin SC disease: a. is common amongst Afro-carribean people b. does not show sickle cells in the blood film. c. causes severe anaemia d. causes retinal vein occlusion

Description : Haemoglobin SC disease: a. is common amongst Afro-carribean people b. does not show sickle cells in the blood film. c. causes severe anaemia d. causes retinal vein occlusion

Last Answer : causes retinal vein occlusion

The following are true about corneal sensation: a. the sensation is greatest at the apex and diminishes towards the limbus. b. the temporal half of the cornea is more sensitive than the nasal half c. the Bonnet-Cochet aesthesiometer gives quantitative measure of the degree of hypoaesthesia d. all above

Description : The following are true about corneal sensation: a. the sensation is greatest at the apex and diminishes towards the limbus. b. the temporal half of the cornea is more sensitive than the ... c. the Bonnet-Cochet aesthesiometer gives quantitative measure of the degree of hypoaesthesia d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Which of the following would be expected following distal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery? A. cerebellar ataxia B. contralateral hemiplegia C. dysarthria D. homonymous hemianopia E. palatal palsy

Description : Which of the following would be expected following distal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery? A. cerebellar ataxia B. contralateral hemiplegia C. dysarthria D. homonymous hemianopia E. palatal palsy

Last Answer : Ans: D

Ticlopidine is recommended for the following except: A. To reduce neurological sequelae of stroke B. Transient ischaemic attacks C. To prevent occlusion of coronary artery bypass graft D. Intermittent claudication

Description : Ticlopidine is recommended for the following except: A. To reduce neurological sequelae of stroke B. Transient ischaemic attacks C. To prevent occlusion of coronary artery bypass graft D. Intermittent claudication

Last Answer : A. To reduce neurological sequelae of stroke

Which of the following is characteristic feature of Le Fort II fracture Options: 1) The fracture line runs through the root of the nose, lacrimal bone, floor of orbit, upper part of maxillary sinus and pterygoid plates 2) The fracture line runs above and parallel to the palate and crosses lower part of nasal septum, maxillary antra and the pterygoid plates 3) Complete separation of the facial bones from the cranial bones 4) Isolated fracture of orbital floor

Description : Which of the following is characteristic feature of Le Fort II fracture Options: 1) The fracture line runs through the root of the nose, lacrimal bone, floor of orbit, upper part of maxillary ... ) Complete separation of the facial bones from the cranial bones 4) Isolated fracture of orbital floor

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 1) The fracture line runs through the root of the nose, lacrimal bone, floor of orbit, upper part of maxillary sinus and pterygoid plates

­To deffrentiate between sinua arythmia and atrial firbllation a- carotid massage b- Temporal artery massage c- Amidrone d- digoxin

Description : ­To deffrentiate between sinua arythmia and atrial firbllation a- carotid massage b- Temporal artery massage c- Amidrone d- digoxin

Last Answer : a- carotid massage

A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by, a. Further review and reassurance since it will most probably heal spontaneously. b.Antibiotic therapy and nasal decongestants. c. Curettage and dressing of the defect. d. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure. e. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Description : A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by, a. Further review and reassurance since it will most ... Excision of the fistula and surgical closure. e. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Last Answer : d. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure.

A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by,** A. Further review and reassurance since it will most probably heal spontaneously B. Antibiotic therapy and nasal decongestants C. Curettage and dressing of the defect D. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure E. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Description : A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by,** A. Further review and reassurance since it will most ... . Excision of the fistula and surgical closure E. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Last Answer : D. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure

Ocular disorders

Description : Corneal sensations are diminished in

Last Answer : herpes virus

In grades of binocular vision; grade 2 is: a. Simultaneous macular vision b. Fusion c. Stereopsis

Description : In grades of binocular vision; grade 2 is: a. Simultaneous macular vision b. Fusion c. Stereopsis

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

In paralytic squint, the difference between primary and secondary deviation in the gaze of direction of the paralytic muscle: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same

Description : In paralytic squint, the difference between primary and secondary deviation in the gaze of direction of the paralytic muscle: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same  

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

In concomitant squint: a. Primary deviation > Secondary deviation b. Primary deviation < Secondary deviation c. Primary deviation = Secondary deviation d. None of the above

Description : In concomitant squint: a. Primary deviation > Secondary deviation b. Primary deviation < Secondary deviation c. Primary deviation = Secondary deviation d. None of the above

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

The only extraocular muscle which does not arise from the apex of the orbit is: a. Superior rectus b. Superior oblique c. Inferior oblique d. Inferior rectus

Description : The only extraocular muscle which does not arise from the apex of the orbit is: a. Superior rectus b. Superior oblique c. Inferior oblique d. Inferior rectus

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

The action of inferior oblique is: a. Depression, extorsion, abduction b. Depression, extorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction

Description : The action of inferior oblique is: a. Depression, extorsion, abduction b. Depression, extorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction 

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

The action of superior rectus is: a. Elevation, intorsion, abduction b. Elevation, intorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction.

Description : The action of superior rectus is: a. Elevation, intorsion, abduction b. Elevation, intorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction. 

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

All the following are extraocular muscle of eye except: a. Superior rectus b. Ciliary muscle c. Inferior oblique d. Superior oblique

Description : All the following are extraocular muscle of eye except: a. Superior rectus b. Ciliary muscle c. Inferior oblique d. Superior oblique

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

In complete third nerve paralysis the direction of the affected eye in the primary position is: a. Inward b. Outward c. Outward and up d. Outward and down

Description : In complete third nerve paralysis the direction of the affected eye in the primary position is: a. Inward b. Outward c. Outward and up d. Outward and down

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

D-shaped pupil occurs in: a. Iridocyclitis b. Iridodenesis c. Cyclodialsis d. Iridodialysis

Description : D-shaped pupil occurs in: a. Iridocyclitis b. Iridodenesis c. Cyclodialsis d. Iridodialysis

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

Mydriasis is present in all the following except: a. Third nerve lesion b. Pontine haemorrhage c. Datura poisoning d. Fourth stage of anesthesia

Description : Mydriasis is present in all the following except: a. Third nerve lesion b. Pontine haemorrhage c. Datura poisoning d. Fourth stage of anesthesia  

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer

Description : Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

Description : Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

Optic disc diameter is: a. 1 mm b. 1.5 mm c. 2 mm d. 3 mm

Description : Optic disc diameter is: a. 1 mm b. 1.5 mm c. 2 mm d. 3 mm

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Last Answer : ANSWER: A