In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.

In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.  
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ANSWER: B 
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The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): a. is sensitive to hypervitaminosis A b. isomerizes all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinol c. does not undergo mitosis in response to injury d. secrets the outer layer of the basal lamina that forms the Bruch's membrane.

Description : The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): a. is sensitive to hypervitaminosis A b. isomerizes all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinol c. does not undergo mitosis in response to injury d. secrets the outer layer of the basal lamina that forms the Bruch's membrane.

Last Answer : isomerizes all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinol

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Description : The cells of the retinal pigment epithelium: a. are of mesenchymal origin b. are shorter at the fovea than else where in the retina c. have intracellular melanosomes d. regenerate visual pigment e. form the inner outer blood-retina barrier

Last Answer : have intracellular melanosome

With regard to the blood retina barrier: a. the outer blood retina is formed by the retinal pigment epithelium cells and their junctions b. the blood retina barrier is typically defective in the immediate perpapillary region c. the retinal vascular endothelial cells can actively transport fluid and anions from the extracellular space of the retina into the circulation d. all above

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Last Answer : all above

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Last Answer : ANSWER: A

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Description : Night blindness is caused by: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Dystrophies of retinal rods c. Dystrophies of the retinal cones d. Retinal detachment

Last Answer : ANSWER: B

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Last Answer : ANSWER: A

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Description : Commonest cause of posterior staphyloma is: a. Glaucoma b. Retinal detachment c. Iridocyclitis d. High myopia

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer

Description : Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to: a. Hemorrhage at macula b. Increased choroidal perfusion c. Increase in retinal perfusion at macula d. The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids

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Last Answer : ANSWER: D

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Last Answer : anaerobic metabolism predominates

The following structures are of ectodermal origin: a. the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium b. iris stroma c. the sclera d. the ciliary muscle e. the corneal stroma

Description : The following structures are of ectodermal origin: a. the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium b. iris stroma c. the sclera d. the ciliary muscle e. the corneal stroma

Last Answer : the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium

Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

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Blood vessels in a trachomatous pannus lie: a. Beneath the Descemet's membrane. b. In the substantia propria. c. Between Bowman's membrane & substantia propria. d. Between Bowman's membrane & Epithelium.

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True statements about EOG (electro-oculogram) include: a. the EOG light-peak to dark-trough ratio is reduced in central retinal vein occlusion b. the light peak of EOG is abnormal in Best's disease c. the EOG light rise is produced by depolarization of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium d. all above

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A patient complains of maceration of skin of the lids and conjunctiva redness at the inner and outer canthi. Conjunctival swab is expected to show: a. Slaphylococcus aureus. b. Streptococcus viridans. c. Streptococcus pneumonae d. Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilli

Description : A patient complains of maceration of skin of the lids and conjunctiva redness at the inner and outer canthi. Conjunctival swab is expected to show: a. Slaphylococcus aureus. b. Streptococcus viridans. c. Streptococcus pneumonae d. Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilli

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

Most of the thickness of cornea is formed by: a. Epithelial layer b. Substantia propria c. Descemet's membrane d. Endothelium

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Which is not found in papilloedema? a. Blurred vision b. Blurred margins of disc c. Cupping of disc d. Retinal edema

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Primary optic atrophy results from: a. Retinal disease b. Chronic glaucoma c. Papilledema d. Neurological disease

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Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

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Bacteria, which can attack normal corneal epithelium: a. Neisseria gonorrhea. b. Staphylococcal epidermidis c. Moraxella lacunata. d. Staphylococcal aureus

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Which of the following organism can penetrate intact corneal epithelium? A. Strept pyogenes B. Staph aureus C. Pseudomonas pyocyanaea D. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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The following are true about electroretinogram: a. the a-wave is produced by the photoreceptors b. the b-wave is produced by the ganglion cells c. c-wave is produced by the retinal pigment epithelium d. different light frequencies can be used to separate rod and cone response

Description : The following are true about electroretinogram: a. the a-wave is produced by the photoreceptors b. the b-wave is produced by the ganglion cells c. c-wave is produced by the retinal pigment epithelium d. different light frequencies can be used to separate rod and cone response

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The following are true about tight junction: a. it forms a barrier to water b. it is found in the blood-aqueous barrier of the ciliary body c. it is found in the blood-retinal barrier at the apex of the retinal pigment epithelium d. all above

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True statements about chloroquine include: a. is safer than hydroxychloroquine at equivalent dose b. can cause corneal deposition c. causes posterior subcapsular cataract d. chloroquine is bound to the melanin of the retinal pigment epithelium e. causes reversible toxic maculopathy

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Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

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Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

Description : Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

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Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

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Fifth nerve palsy could cause: a. Ptosis b. Proptosis c. Neuropathic keratopathy d. Lagophthalmos

Description : Fifth nerve palsy could cause: a. Ptosis b. Proptosis c. Neuropathic keratopathy d. Lagophthalmos 

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The following are true about entopic phenomenon: a. it can be produced by cells in the vitreous b. it can be produced by palpation of the eyeballs c. the size of one's pupil can be observed with a pinhole d. asteroid hyalosis causes significant visual disturbance due to entopic phenomenon e. Haidinger's brushes are produced by the inner plexiform layers

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Retinal detachment repair?

Description : Retinal detachment repair?

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Description : Retinal detachment?

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Last Answer : E. Gradual transformation of the reduced enamel epithelium

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