Commonest lesion which hinders vision in diabetic retinopathy is: a. Macular oedema b. Microaneurysm c. Retinal hemorrhage d. Retinal detachment

Commonest lesion which hinders vision in diabetic retinopathy is: a. Macular oedema b. Microaneurysm c. Retinal hemorrhage d. Retinal detachment  
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ANSWER: A
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A patient of old standing diabetes mellitus noticed sudden muscae volitanes. On examination, the red reflex was dim, with no details of fundus could be seen. He might have: a. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy b. Cystoid macular edema c. Vitreous hemorrhage d. Central retinal vein occlusion

Description : A patient of old standing diabetes mellitus noticed sudden muscae volitanes. On examination, the red reflex was dim, with no details of fundus could be seen. He might have: a. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy b. Cystoid macular edema c. Vitreous hemorrhage d. Central retinal vein occlusion 

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

Commonest cause of posterior staphyloma is: a. Glaucoma b. Retinal detachment c. Iridocyclitis d. High myopia

Description : Commonest cause of posterior staphyloma is: a. Glaucoma b. Retinal detachment c. Iridocyclitis d. High myopia

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

A 12 years old boy receiving long term treatment for spring catarrh, developed defective vision in both eyes. The likely cause is: a. Posterior subcapsular cataract b. Retinopathy of prematurity c. Optic neuritis d. Vitreous hemorrhage

Description : A 12 years old boy receiving long term treatment for spring catarrh, developed defective vision in both eyes. The likely cause is: a. Posterior subcapsular cataract b. Retinopathy of prematurity c. Optic neuritis d. Vitreous hemorrhage 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

Night blindness is caused by: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Dystrophies of retinal rods c. Dystrophies of the retinal cones d. Retinal detachment

Description : Night blindness is caused by: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Dystrophies of retinal rods c. Dystrophies of the retinal cones d. Retinal detachment

Last Answer : ANSWER: B

In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.

Description : In retinal detachment, fluid accumulates between: a. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. b. Neurosensory retina and layer of retinal pigment epithelium c. Nerve fiber layer and rest of retina. d. Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane.  

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to: a. Hemorrhage at macula b. Increased choroidal perfusion c. Increase in retinal perfusion at macula d. The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids

Description : In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to: a. Hemorrhage at macula b. Increased choroidal perfusion c. Increase in retinal perfusion at macula d. The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids  

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

In grades of binocular vision; grade 2 is: a. Simultaneous macular vision b. Fusion c. Stereopsis

Description : In grades of binocular vision; grade 2 is: a. Simultaneous macular vision b. Fusion c. Stereopsis

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

Which is not found in papilloedema? a. Blurred vision b. Blurred margins of disc c. Cupping of disc d. Retinal edema

Description : Which is not found in papilloedema? a. Blurred vision b. Blurred margins of disc c. Cupping of disc d. Retinal edema

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

A male patient 30 years old with visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. Twelve hours ago he presented with drop of vision of the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed blurred edges of the left optic disc. The most probable diagnosis is: a. Raised intra cranial pressure b. Raised ocular tension c. Central retinal artery occlusion d. Optic neuritis

Description : A male patient 30 years old with visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. Twelve hours ago he presented with drop of vision of the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6 in the ... : a. Raised intra cranial pressure b. Raised ocular tension c. Central retinal artery occlusion d. Optic neuritis

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

A young patient with sudden painless loss of vision, with systolic murmur and ocular examination reveals a cherry red spot with clear AC, the likely diagnosis is: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Description : A young patient with sudden painless loss of vision, with systolic murmur and ocular examination reveals a cherry red spot with clear AC, the likely diagnosis is: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion  

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

The commonest cause of unilateral exophthalmos is: a. Thyroid eye disease b. Lacrimal gland tumour c. Orbital cellulitis d. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Description : The commonest cause of unilateral exophthalmos is: a. Thyroid eye disease b. Lacrimal gland tumour c. Orbital cellulitis d. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

The commonest cause of hypopyon corneal ulcer is: a. Moraxella b. Gonococcus c. Pneumococcus d. Staphylococcus

Description : The commonest cause of hypopyon corneal ulcer is: a. Moraxella b. Gonococcus c. Pneumococcus d. Staphylococcus

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

After 48 hours of a cataract extraction operation, a patient complained of ocular pain and visual loss. On examination, this eye looked red with ciliary injection, corneal oedema and absent red reflex. The first suspicion must be: a. Secondary glaucoma. b. Anterior uveitis. c. Bacterial endophthalmitis. d. Acute conjunctivitis

Description : After 48 hours of a cataract extraction operation, a patient complained of ocular pain and visual loss. On examination, this eye looked red with ciliary injection, corneal oedema and absent red ... a. Secondary glaucoma. b. Anterior uveitis. c. Bacterial endophthalmitis. d. Acute conjunctivitis  

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

Mydriasis is present in all the following except: a. Third nerve lesion b. Pontine haemorrhage c. Datura poisoning d. Fourth stage of anesthesia

Description : Mydriasis is present in all the following except: a. Third nerve lesion b. Pontine haemorrhage c. Datura poisoning d. Fourth stage of anesthesia  

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

Primary optic atrophy results from: a. Retinal disease b. Chronic glaucoma c. Papilledema d. Neurological disease

Description : Primary optic atrophy results from: a. Retinal disease b. Chronic glaucoma c. Papilledema d. Neurological disease

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

Occlusion of the lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery results in one of the following field defects: a. Lower nasal sector field defect b. Upper nasal sector field defect c. Upper temporal field defect d. Lower temporal sector field defect

Description : Occlusion of the lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery results in one of the following field defects: a. Lower nasal sector field defect b. Upper nasal sector field defect c. Upper temporal field defect d. Lower temporal sector field defect

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

Commotio retinae is seen in: a. Concussion injury b. Papilloedema c. Central retinal vein thrombosis d. Central retinal artery thrombosis

Description : Commotio retinae is seen in: a. Concussion injury b. Papilloedema c. Central retinal vein thrombosis d. Central retinal artery thrombosis

Last Answer : a

100 days glaucoma is seen in: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion c. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Description : 100 days glaucoma is seen in: a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion b. Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion c. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion d. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Description : Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except: a. Marked loss of vision b. Blurring of disc margins c. Hyperemia of disc d. Field defect

Description : Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except: a. Marked loss of vision b. Blurring of disc margins c. Hyperemia of disc d. Field defect 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

All the following associated open angle glaucoma include all the following except: a. Roenne’s nasal step b. Enlarged blind spot c. Generalized depression of isopters d. Loss of central fields e. Tubular vision

Description : All the following associated open angle glaucoma include all the following except: a. Roenne’s nasal step b. Enlarged blind spot c. Generalized depression of isopters d. Loss of central fields e. Tubular vision

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

The most important symptom differentiating orbital cellulitis from panophthalmitis is: a. Vision b. Pain c. Redness d. Swelling

Description : The most important symptom differentiating orbital cellulitis from panophthalmitis is: a. Vision b. Pain c. Redness d. Swelling

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

Retinal detachment repair?

Description : Retinal detachment repair?

Last Answer : DefinitionRetinal detachment repair is eye surgery to place a detached retina back into its normal position.A detached retina means the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye has separated from ... be done to repair it. Pneumatic retinopexy (gas bubble placement) is also usually an office

Retinal detachment?

Description : Retinal detachment?

Last Answer : DefinitionRetinal detachment is a separation of the light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye (the retina) from its supporting layers.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe retina ... posterior vitreous detachment.During a retinal detachment, bleeding from small retinal blood vessels may clo

How long does retinal detachment laser surgery take to preform with the macula on?

Description : How long does retinal detachment laser surgery take to preform with the macula on?

Last Answer : Retinal detachment laser surgery takes about 10-15 minutes. Depending on the size of the tear, outpatient hospital sugery may be required. Depending on the type of pain that you are going through. The most common amount of time for the procedure is around two hours.

The bright-flash ERG: a. comes only from the cones b. is generated in a fully dark adapted eye by the highest intensity of light c. can be used to assess the overall retinal integrity in the presence of media opacity d. is abnormal in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Description : The bright-flash ERG: a. comes only from the cones b. is generated in a fully dark adapted eye by the highest intensity of light c. can be used to assess the overall retinal integrity in the presence of media opacity d. is abnormal in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Last Answer : can be used to assess the overall retinal integrity in the presence of media opacity

Diabetic retinopathy?

Description : Diabetic retinopathy?

Last Answer : DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is damage to the eye's retina that occurs with long-term Diabetes.See also:Type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesAlternative NamesRetinopathy - diabetic; Photocoagulation - retinaCauses, ... There may be small amounts of bleeding (retinal hemorrhages), and fluid may lea

What are some of the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Description : What are some of the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Last Answer : A person may have diabetic retinopathy for a long without noticing any symptoms. Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy are blurred or distorted vision, floaters in your vision, pain in the eye, and partial or total loss of vision in the eye.

What is Diabetic retinopathy screening?

Description : What is Diabetic retinopathy screening?

Last Answer : Dr. Leo Ayzenberg diabetic retinopathy treatment Chicago provides Diabetic Eye treatment of complications for Background Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy screening is a test to check for eye ... a surgical procedure called vasectomy, to prevent further vascular changes and preserve vision.

Intensive insulin therapy: A. Prevents the aggressive development of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. B. Is not associated with unawareness of hypoglycemia. C. Improves peripheral neuropathy. D. Improves established retinopathy and nephropathy. E. Is indicated in all patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Description : Intensive insulin therapy: A. Prevents the aggressive development of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. B. Is not associated with unawareness of hypoglycemia. C. Improves peripheral neuropathy. D. ... . E. Is indicated in all patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Intensive insulin therapy is indicated in patients with IDDM who can actively participate in their own management and the attainment of the goals set for ... or prevents progression of these complications; however, better glucose control may improve peripheral neuropathy

What is diabetic retinopathy? How can it be prevented?

Description : What is diabetic retinopathy? How can it be prevented?

Last Answer : Diabetic retinopathy is a disorder of the eye that occurs in people suffering from diabetes. After many years of diabetes, the blood vessels of the retina may leak, close-up or begin to grow. ... enter the vitreous humour making it opaque. It can be prevented by early treatment with laser beam.

Long term ACE inhibitor therapy may retard the progression of: A. Diabetic nephropathy B. Diabetic retinopathy C. Hypertensive nephropathy D. All of the above

Description : Long term ACE inhibitor therapy may retard the progression of: A. Diabetic nephropathy B. Diabetic retinopathy C. Hypertensive nephropathy D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Ocular disorders

Description : Corneal sensations are diminished in

Last Answer : herpes virus

The best treatment for amblyopia is: a. Orthoptic exercises b. Occlusion c. Surgery d. Best treat after age 10 years

Description : The best treatment for amblyopia is: a. Orthoptic exercises b. Occlusion c. Surgery d. Best treat after age 10 years

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

In paralytic squint, the difference between primary and secondary deviation in the gaze of direction of the paralytic muscle: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same

Description : In paralytic squint, the difference between primary and secondary deviation in the gaze of direction of the paralytic muscle: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same  

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

In concomitant squint: a. Primary deviation > Secondary deviation b. Primary deviation < Secondary deviation c. Primary deviation = Secondary deviation d. None of the above

Description : In concomitant squint: a. Primary deviation > Secondary deviation b. Primary deviation < Secondary deviation c. Primary deviation = Secondary deviation d. None of the above

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

The only extraocular muscle which does not arise from the apex of the orbit is: a. Superior rectus b. Superior oblique c. Inferior oblique d. Inferior rectus

Description : The only extraocular muscle which does not arise from the apex of the orbit is: a. Superior rectus b. Superior oblique c. Inferior oblique d. Inferior rectus

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

The action of inferior oblique is: a. Depression, extorsion, abduction b. Depression, extorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction

Description : The action of inferior oblique is: a. Depression, extorsion, abduction b. Depression, extorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction 

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

The action of superior rectus is: a. Elevation, intorsion, abduction b. Elevation, intorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction.

Description : The action of superior rectus is: a. Elevation, intorsion, abduction b. Elevation, intorsion, adduction c. Elevation, extorsion, adduction d. Elevation, extorsion, abduction. 

Last Answer : ANSWER: B 

All the following are extraocular muscle of eye except: a. Superior rectus b. Ciliary muscle c. Inferior oblique d. Superior oblique

Description : All the following are extraocular muscle of eye except: a. Superior rectus b. Ciliary muscle c. Inferior oblique d. Superior oblique

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

In complete third nerve paralysis the direction of the affected eye in the primary position is: a. Inward b. Outward c. Outward and up d. Outward and down

Description : In complete third nerve paralysis the direction of the affected eye in the primary position is: a. Inward b. Outward c. Outward and up d. Outward and down

Last Answer : ANSWER: D  

D-shaped pupil occurs in: a. Iridocyclitis b. Iridodenesis c. Cyclodialsis d. Iridodialysis

Description : D-shaped pupil occurs in: a. Iridocyclitis b. Iridodenesis c. Cyclodialsis d. Iridodialysis

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer

Description : Optic nerve axon emerges from: a. Ganglion cells b. Rods and cones c. Amacrine cells d. Inner nuclear layer 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

Description : Optic nerve function is best studied by: a. Direct Ophthalmoscope b. Retinoscope c. Perimetry d. Gonioscopy

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

Optic disc diameter is: a. 1 mm b. 1.5 mm c. 2 mm d. 3 mm

Description : Optic disc diameter is: a. 1 mm b. 1.5 mm c. 2 mm d. 3 mm

Last Answer : ANSWER: B  

All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy except: a. Ptosis b. Diplopia c. Miosis d. Outwards eye deviation

Description : All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy except: a. Ptosis b. Diplopia c. Miosis d. Outwards eye deviation

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

The type of optic atrophy that follows retro-bulbar neuritis is: a. Secondary optic atrophy b. Consecutive optic atrophy c. Glaucomatous optic atrophy d. Primary optic atrophy

Description : The type of optic atrophy that follows retro-bulbar neuritis is: a. Secondary optic atrophy b. Consecutive optic atrophy c. Glaucomatous optic atrophy d. Primary optic atrophy 

Last Answer : ANSWER: A  

Retro-bulbar optic neuritis is characterized by: a. Marked swelling of the optic disc. b. Impaired direct light reflex in the affected eye c. Impaired consensual light reflex in the affected eye d. Normal visual acuity

Description : Retro-bulbar optic neuritis is characterized by: a. Marked swelling of the optic disc. b. Impaired direct light reflex in the affected eye c. Impaired consensual light reflex in the affected eye d. Normal visual acuity  

Last Answer : ANSWER: B