Define orientation and principle of plane tabling.

Define orientation and principle of plane tabling. 
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1 Answer

Answer :

Orientation: The orientation of plane table means keeping the plane table at all stations parallel to the position it occupied at first station.

Principles of plane table survey: 1. The rays drawn from different points should pass through a single point i.e. position of station point. 2. The position of table should be same as that of previous station i.e. orientation should be done at each changed station.  
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Related questions

Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Description : Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : Advantages of intersection method: 1. Interection method requires less ground distance measurement than radiation method. 2. By this method we can locate inaccessible points which cannot be ... to radiation method, intersection method eliminates undulation error, bisection error and plotting errors.

Explain errors occurred due to manipulation and sighting in plane tabling.

Description : Explain errors occurred due to manipulation and sighting in plane tabling.

Last Answer : i) The board not being horizontal- This error affects chiefly the measurement of vertical angles. ii) The table not being accurately centered. The plotted position of the occupied station not ... and correct any displacement. v) The defective sighting- The object not being correctly sighted.

Enlist the methods of plane tabling.

Description : Enlist the methods of plane tabling. 

Last Answer : Method of Surveying with the plane table are : 1) Radiation 2) Intersection 3) Traversing 4) Resection

Explain with neat sketch the procedure of radiation method of plane tabling.

Description : Explain with neat sketch the procedure of radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : 1. The table is set at suitable station e.g. P from where all stations can be sighted and measured. 2. After centering and leveling, mark station P as P' on sheet. 3. Suppose stations A, B, C, and D are ... marked as pa. 5. Similarly station B, C and D are bisected and marked as b, c and d.

What are the sources of errors in plane tabling?

Description : What are the sources of errors in plane tabling?

Last Answer : The following are the sources of errors in plane tabling 1) The board not being horizontal 2) The table not being accurately centered 3) The table not being Correctly oriented 4) The objects ... through the station point 7) Inaccuracy in plotting 8) The expansion and contraction of the paper 

Describe back sighting method of orientation of plane table surveying.

Description : Describe back sighting method of orientation of plane table surveying.

Last Answer : Backsight method of orientation 1. Assume we have to orient the table at next station B' represented on paper by point b'. 2.the line ba' is drawn on previous station A'. 3.the alidade is kept ... A'. 4. When the plotted line ab' coincides with line AB' and table will be oriented.

Explain Orientation of plane table by Back-sighting Method.

Description : Explain Orientation of plane table by Back-sighting Method.

Last Answer : Ans:- The method of setting up the plane table at each of the successive stations parallel to the position it occupied at the starting station is known as an Orientation. Orientation must be done when ... and bisection of the ranging rod at a are perfect then orientation is said to perfect.  

What is orientation of plane table? State the procedure of any one method of orientation.

Description : What is orientation of plane table? State the procedure of any one method of orientation.

Last Answer : Orientation of plane table: It means placing table in parallel positions at all stations (or at successive station) 1. Orientation using trough compass: Here north direction is marked at first station ... rotated till ranging rod at previous station is exactly bisected. The table is then clamped. 

Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

Last Answer : Orientation is the process of keeping plane table in same position as that is occupied in previous station. Methods of orientation: i) Magnetic meridian method using trough compass ii) Back ... and not by using trough compass. Therefore there is no error occurring due to local attraction.

Which one of the following procedures for getting accurate orientation is the most distinctive feature of the art of plane tabling? (A) Radiation (B) Intersection (C) Traversing (D) Resection

Description : Which one of the following procedures for getting accurate orientation is the most distinctive feature of the art of plane tabling? (A) Radiation (B) Intersection (C) Traversing (D) Resection

Last Answer : (D) Resection

State the principle of plane table survey.

Description : State the principle of plane table survey. 

Last Answer : Principle of plane table survey 1. The rays drawn from different points should pass through a single point i.e. position of station point.  2. The position of table should be same as that of previous station i.e. orientation should be done at each changed station.

What is meant by orientation? Explain orientation by back sighting method

Description : What is meant by orientation? Explain orientation by back sighting method

Last Answer : Orientation: The method of setting up the plane table at each of the successive stations parallel to the position it occupied at the starting station is known as orientation. Orientation by back sighting: ... ranging rod at A are perfect, then the orientation is said to be perfect.  

State the situation where plane table is suitable.

Description : State the situation where plane table is suitable. 

Last Answer : 1) It is most suitable for preparing small scale maps 2) It is suitable in magnetic are where compass survey is not reliable 3) It is most suitable for filling in details between stations fixed by triangulation 4) It is suitable where accuracy is not required.

State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Description : State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Last Answer : Booking of observations: i) Field work and plotting work done simultaneously ii) ) Notes of measurement are seldom required and possibility of mistakes in booking is eliminated. Suitability of PT ... and work where great accuracy is not required. ii) Mostly suitable for survey in plain terrain

Draw sketch and explain method of traversing of plane table surveying.

Description : Draw sketch and explain method of traversing of plane table surveying. 

Last Answer : Procedure: 1.Set plane table over station A use plumbing fork for transferring station point from ground on sheet. Draw the direction of magnetic meridian with the help of compass. 2. With the ... scale Similarly, the table can be set at other successive station and traverse is completed.

Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch.

Description : Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : This method is used when all the points to be plotted are visible from single instrument station. Steps are: 1. Select a suitable point P on the ground such that all the details are visible from it. 2. Center and ... , pc, pd, pe respectively. Join a, b, c, d, and e to give the outline.

State any two uses of Plane Surveying.

Description : State any two uses of Plane Surveying. 

Last Answer : 1) Plane surveying is used for measuring small distance. 2) When area is less than 260 km2, plane survey is normally done. 3) When desired accuracy is less, plane survey is done.

Explain ‘Intersection Method’ of plane table surveying with neat sketch. Also give situation when intersection method is used.

Description : Explain ‘Intersection Method’ of plane table surveying with neat sketch. Also give situation when intersection method is used.

Last Answer : 1. Lay out a base line AB and measure it and Plot a distance ab' on sheet using any scale. 2.Set up instrument at A' with a' over A' 3.Orient the table by placing alidade ... the case of the survey of mountainous country. 5. The only linear measurement required is that of a base line.

State merits and demerits of plane table survey.

Description : State merits and demerits of plane table survey. 

Last Answer : Merits: 1) It is the most rapid method of surveying.  2)There is no need for field book as plotting is done along with the field work, so the problem of mistakes in booking field notes does not arise. ... to carry. 5) The map cannot be replotted to defferent scale as there is no field book. 

State the use of alidade in plane table surveying

Description : State the use of alidade in plane table surveying

Last Answer : 1) It is used for sighting the objects to be located.  2) It is used for drawing the rays. 

Compare collimation plane method and rise and fall method of reduction of levels.

Description : Compare collimation plane method and rise and fall method of reduction of levels.

Last Answer : The comparison between collimation plane method and Rise and fall method is given below. Collimation plane method Rise and Fall method 1 1. It is rapid method as it involves few calculations. ... Arithmetic check in this method is ΣBS - ΣFS = ΣRise - ΣFall = Last RL - First RL

Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points.

Description : Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points. 

Last Answer : Difference between Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying Points Plane Surveying Geodetic Surveying Definition Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which mean surface of ... Traditional survey equipment is used Precise and modern survey equipment are required

Explain intersection method of plane survey.

Description : Explain intersection method of plane survey.

Last Answer : Intersection method of plane tabling 1. Lay out a base line AB and measure it and Plot a distance ab' on sheet using any scale. 2.Set up instrument at A' with a' over A' 3.Orient the table by ... sighted rays bd, bg, bf, bc are drawn to determine points intersection, d, g, f, c.

State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Description : State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. A field book is not required. 2. Errors of booking in field book avoided. 3. Errors of plotting can be readily checked. 4. Suitable in magnetic area. 5. Survey work with ... cannot be done in rainy season. 5. Difficult to re-plot as field notes are not available.

Explain temporary adjustment of plane table survey.

Description : Explain temporary adjustment of plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1. Setting over the station: The plane table is fixed on tripod and adjust the table in such a way that table is approximately level. 2. Leveling the table: The tubular or spirit level is placed in two ... . The table can be oriented in two ways. i. Using trough compass. ii. By back sighting.

List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Description : List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1. Plane table. 2. Plumbing U-fork. 3. Alidade. 4. Spirit level. 5. Trough compass. 6. Plumb bob.

Differentiate between plane of collimation and rise and fall method.

Description : Differentiate between plane of collimation and rise and fall method.

Last Answer : S.N Rise and fall method Plane of collimation 1 It is slow and more tedious. It is more rapid and less tedious  2 It is laborious as it involves more calculations. It is simple ... .S.-ΣF.S=ΣRise-Σfall =Last RL-First RL Arithmetical check ΣB.S.- ΣF.S=Last RL-First RL

Describe in brief errors in plane table survey.

Description : Describe in brief errors in plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1) The board not being horizontal. 2) The table not being accurately centered. 3) The table not being Correctly oriented. 4) The objects not being sited accurately. 5) The alidade not being ... through the station point. 7) Inaccuracy in plotting. 8) The expansion and contraction of the paper.

State the limitations of plane table surveying.

Description : State the limitations of plane table surveying.

Last Answer : 1) It is not suitable for work in wet climate 2) Several accessories are required to be carried hence possibility lost. 3) Replotting of survey work to different scale is difficult in absence of ... ) It is not intended for accurate work. 6) The plane table is essentially a tropical instrument.

Describe in brief resection method of plane table surveying.

Description : Describe in brief resection method of plane table surveying.

Last Answer : This method is used for establishing the instrument stations only. After fixing the stations, details are located either by radiation or intersection. The characteristic feature of resection is that the point ... of resection are (1)The Two Point Problem, and (2)Three Point Problem.

Enlist different accessories of plane table survey with their use.

Description : Enlist different accessories of plane table survey with their use. 

Last Answer : i) The plane table: It is used for fixing a drawing sheet over it.  To locate the position of the objects on the sheet by drawing rays and plotting to suitable scale. ii) The Alidade (plain Alidade ... v) U-Fork or Plumbing fork with plumb bob: It is used for centering the table over the station. 

State the suitability of plane table survey

Description : State the suitability of plane table survey

Last Answer : The plane tabling is generally suitable for surveys in which high precision is not required. It is mainly employed for small-scale or medium size mapping.

Describe with neat sketch, the optical square and explain its principle.

Description : Describe with neat sketch, the optical square and explain its principle.

Last Answer : Principal of optical square :- the angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors OR If there are two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces ... is 450 while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 900 .  

Explain principle of chain surveying

Description : Explain principle of chain surveying 

Last Answer : 1) Principle of chain surveying is triangulation 2) Triangulation consists of frame work of triangles. The whole area is divided into network of triangles. 3) A triangle is the only simple plane ... to be adopted depends upon the shape & configuration of the ground & the natural obstacles. 

Explain principle of optical square with neat sketch.

Description : Explain principle of optical square with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Principle of optical square :- The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors In the case of optical square the angle between the mirrors is 45° while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 90°.  

Draw sketch of optical square and state its principle.

Description : Draw sketch of optical square and state its principle.

Last Answer : The optical square is an instrument used to set perpendicular offset on the chain line. The optical square works on the principle of optics. Principle of optical square: The angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is twice the angle between mirrors.

State the principle of compass survey.

Description : State the principle of compass survey. 

Last Answer : The principle of compass survey is traversing, which involves a series of connected survey lines (may be open or closed) whose lengths and bearing are measured by linear and angular measuring instruments.

Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Description : Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Last Answer : Fly Leveling adopted to transfer bench marks from one place to other .In this leveling only FS & BS are taken.  Profile leveling:- The operation in which the object is to determine the ... known distanced apart along a given line to obtained the accurate outline of the surface of the ground 

Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point

Description : Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point 

Last Answer : 1) Bench mark: - It is a fixed reference point of known elevation.. 2)Datum surface :-It is any arbitrarily assumed level surface from which vertical distance are measured 3) Line of collimation:- ... which the fore and back sights are taken.  It is the point denoting the shifting of the level.

Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Description : Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Last Answer : Ans.: 1)WCB:-In this system the bearing of a line is always measured clockwise for the north point of the reference meridian towards the line round the circle the angle thus measured is called ... the bearing of a line is measured clockwise from the north point or south point whichever is nearest .

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Description : Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Last Answer : i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing  ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 

Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Description : Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Last Answer : Dip of the magnetic needle: It is the upward or downward movement of magnetic needle in vertical plane due to earth's gravitational force is known as dip of needle. Deflection of needle : ... west direction, that horizontal angle between magnetic and true north is said to be declination of needle.

Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Description : Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Last Answer : Change point : It is the point at which both backsight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument. Necessity of change point in leveling : It is ... observations from single station due to large area, abrupt ground level variation and unavoidable obstruction. 

Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Description : Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Last Answer : Horizontal line : A straight line tangential to the level line and perpendicular to the plumb line is called horizontal line.  Vertical line : A line perpendicular to horizontal line and coinciding plumb line is known as vertical line

Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Description : Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Causes of local attraction : 1. Iron ... structure 2. Electric cable line 3. High voltage current 4. Bunch of key 5. Steel Tape 

Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Description : Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Last Answer : i) Traversing : Traversing is the series of survey lines connecting successive established traverse stations along the route of survey  ii) Magnetic Meridian : The direction indicated by ... and properly balanced Magnetic needle unaffected by local attractive force is called magnetic meridian.

Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Description : Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Last Answer : 1. True bearing – (i) The angle between true meridian or geographical north and any line known as true bearing. 2.Magnetic bearing-(i)The angle between magnetic meridian and any line is known as magnetic bearing.

Define surveying.

Description : Define surveying.

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement.

Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Description : Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Last Answer : 1.Whole circle bearing-  The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing. 2.Reduced bearing  The bearing measures with ... bearing  The bearing observed in the direction of opposite of survey is called fore bearing. 

Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Description : Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Last Answer : 1. Datum- It is the imaginary level surface or level line from which the vertical distance of different points are measured.  2. Change point- It is the point at which both back sight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument.