Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing
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1 Answer

Answer :

i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing 

ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does not meets at common point and hence does not form a closed polygon, then it is said to be open traverse 

iii) Closing error : While plotting compass traverse, when first and last survey line does not coincides by some amount of distance, that distance is called as closing error. 

iv) Reduce bearing : The bearing measures with respective to either north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 
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Related questions

Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Description : Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Last Answer : i) F.B OF PQ = N 55°0 ’ E  B.B Of PQ = S 55°0 ’W  ii) F.B. Of EF = 280°0 ’   B.B OF EF = F.B -180°= 280°0 ’ -180° = 100°0 ’  iii) F.B OF CD = S 58°30’W  B.B OF CD = N 58°30’ E  iv) F.B OF GH = 180°  B.B OF GH = F.B -180°=180°-180°= 0°

Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Description : Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Last Answer : 1.Whole circle bearing-  The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing. 2.Reduced bearing  The bearing measures with ... bearing  The bearing observed in the direction of opposite of survey is called fore bearing. 

Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Description : Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Last Answer : Dip of needle: It is downward inclination or small angle made by freely suspended magnetic needle with the horizontal. Magnetic bearing: Magnetic bearing of a survey line is the horizontal angle ... of line measured in backward direction or opposite direction of survey, is known as back bearing.

Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Last Answer : i)Level Surface : Any surface is parallel to mean spheroidal surface of earth is said to be a level surface. The water surface of still lake is also considered to be level surface. ii) ... an imaginary line passing through the optical Centre of object glass and optical Centre of the eye piece.

Explain Graphical adjustment of closing error in a closed traverse.

Description : Explain Graphical adjustment of closing error in a closed traverse.  

Last Answer : Step: 1) Draw a horizontal line AA1 equal to the length of perimeter of the traverse to a suitable scale. 2) Mark the distances AB,BC,CD, etc on the line as per their lengths. 3) Draw a perpendicular ... errors 7) Join the the new points which gives the closed traversed. A, B, C, D and A.

Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Description : Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Last Answer : i. Height of instrument: It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is obtained by adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the ... when the bubble is at the center of its run i.e. at middle point of the tube.

Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse.

Description : Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse. 

Last Answer : i) Open traverse: When the first and last survey lines does not meets at common point and hence does not form a closed polygon, then it is said to be open traverse.  ii) Closed Traverse: When last and first survey stations meet at common point, traverse is called as closed traverse.

Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Description : Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Last Answer : i)Whole circle bearing: The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing.   ii) Reduced bearing: The bearing measured ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrant bearing 

With neat sketch, write the procedure of measurement of fore bearing with compass.

Description : With neat sketch, write the procedure of measurement of fore bearing with compass.

Last Answer : For measuring fore bearing of line AB, i) Place the compass over station A, center and level it.  ii) Looking through eye slit towards object vane, bisect the ranging rod at station ... which coincides with horse hair at observer end. The observed reading is the fore bearing of line AB

Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation

Description : Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation 

Last Answer : i) Survey Station : It is the point on ground from which various observations are taken around it. ii) Survey Line : It is the straight line joining two successive survey stations ... iv)Triangulation : The frame work consist of number of connected well conditional triangle is called Triangulation.

What is open traverse and closed traverse?

Description : What is open traverse and closed traverse?

Last Answer : a) Open traverse - 1. When starting point of survey does not coincide with last point of the survey, it is known as open traverse. 2. It is used for the survey roads, rivers coastal line railways ... traverse. 2. It is suitable for the survey of boundaries of ponds, forests, estate, etc.

Differentiate between open traverse and closed traverse on any two points

Description : Differentiate between open traverse and closed traverse on any two points

Last Answer : Differentiation between Open Traverse and Closed Traverse Closed Traverse Open Traverse When a traverse forms a closed polygon it is called as Closed Traverse   When a traverse does not form a closed polygon it is ... angles = (2n + 4) x 90 There is no such check 

Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark.

Description : Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark. 

Last Answer : j) Level Line: It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Horizontal Line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a ... RL determined with reference to the datum line. They serve as reference points for finding RL of new points. 

What is meant by closing error? How will you adjusted graphically?

Description : What is meant by closing error? How will you adjusted graphically?

Last Answer : Closing error : While plotting compass traverse, when first and last survey line does not coincides by some amount of distance, that distance is called as closing error. Adjustment ... . Finally join new points to get corrected traverse ABCDEA after graphical adjustment of closing error.

Explain with neat sketch graphical adjustment of closing error.

Description : Explain with neat sketch graphical adjustment of closing error.

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Plot the traverse e.g. A'BCDEA to suitable scale and obtain magnitude and direction of closing error. 2. Draw a straight line A'BCDEA to some suitable scale representing the ... plotted points and locate new position of station points to give correct traverse A'B'C'D'E'A'.

What is meant by closing error? Explain graphical method of adjustment of closing error.

Description : What is meant by closing error? Explain graphical method of adjustment of closing error.

Last Answer : Closing error: The distance by which the traverse fails to close is called closing error. Step 1 ) Draw a horizontal line AA1 Equal to the length of perimeter of the traverse to a suitable scale 1) Mark ... 6) Join the the new points which gives the closed traversed. A, B, C,D and A.

Differentiate between reduced bearing and whole circle bearing

Description : Differentiate between reduced bearing and whole circle bearing

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing/Reduced Bearing Whole Circle Bearing The horizontal angle made by a line with the magnetic north or south (whichever is closer from the line) in the eastward or westward direction ... from 0° to 90°  The value of the whole circle bearing varies from 0° to 360° 

Bowditch rule is applied to (A) An open traverse for graphical adjustment (B) A closed traverse for adjustment of closing error (C) Determine the effect of local attraction (D) None of the above

Description : Bowditch rule is applied to (A) An open traverse for graphical adjustment (B) A closed traverse for adjustment of closing error (C) Determine the effect of local attraction (D) None of the above

Last Answer : (B) A closed traverse for adjustment of closing error

State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Description : Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Last Answer : i) Prism: Reading printed on horizontal face of compass ring can be read from vertical position  ii) Lifting pin: When the instrument not in use the sight vane passes against the lifting pin which lift ... piece of hard glass provided on top of pivoted point, to reduce wear and tear of the point

Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer

Description : Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer 

Last Answer : i) Correct position : Both hands above Head and then Brought Down ii) Fix the ranging rod : Both Arms extended forward horizontally and the hands depressed briskly iii) Vertical position of ranging rod : 1 ... and moved to the Left iv) Move slowly to left of observer : Slow sweeps with Left Hand

What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Description : What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Last Answer : i) Topographic Survey : To determine natural features like river, streams , lakes , hills etc and artificial features like roads , railways , canal , town and villages .  ii) Cadastral ... Mine Survey :To explore mineral deposits and to guide tunneling and other operations associated with mining. 

Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Description : Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Last Answer : Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Description : Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Last Answer : conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Description : State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Last Answer : i) Cross-Staff: To set up perpendicular or right angle to given chain line OR to find foot of perpendicular from given object to a chain line. ii) Chain: Chains are used for measuring distances. iii) ... on survey lines. iv) Arrows : They are used to mark the end of each chain during chaining. 

Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Description : Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Last Answer : i) Ranging Rod : Ranging rod are used for ranging. ii) Pegs : Pegs are used for marking the positions of stations or terminals points of survey lines. iii) Cross-staff : It is used ... It is also used for accurate centering of the surveying instruments like theodolite, compass, plane table etc. 

State different methods of plotting compass traverse.

Description : State different methods of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. Plotting by tangents. 6. Plotting by chords.

State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse

Description : State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse 

Last Answer : 1) Main survey stations should be inter visible. 2) The main survey lines should form well-conditioned triangles. 3) Each triangle or portion of skeleton must be provided with sufficient check lines. ... ) Survey line must be as few as possible so that the frame work can be plotted conveniently.

With neat sketch, explain the included angle method of plotting compass traverse.

Description : With neat sketch, explain the included angle method of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : 1. Calculate all included angles of the traverse from observed bearings of the lines. e.g. <A, <B, <C, <D, <E  2. Check sum of included angles as equal to ( ... coincide with starting station (in case of closed traverse). If there is closing error, it needs to be corrected. 

Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Description : Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Last Answer : Ans.: 1)WCB:-In this system the bearing of a line is always measured clockwise for the north point of the reference meridian towards the line round the circle the angle thus measured is called ... the bearing of a line is measured clockwise from the north point or south point whichever is nearest .

Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Description : Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Last Answer : 1. True bearing – (i) The angle between true meridian or geographical north and any line known as true bearing. 2.Magnetic bearing-(i)The angle between magnetic meridian and any line is known as magnetic bearing.

If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures than the sum of the east departures, the bearing of the closing line is in the (A) NE quadrant (B) SE quadrant (C) NW quadrant(D) SW quadrant

Description : If in a closed traverse, the sum of the north latitudes is more than the sum of the south latitudes and also the sum of west departures than the sum of the east departures, the bearing of the closing line is in the (A) NE quadrant (B) SE quadrant (C) NW quadrant (D) SW quadrant

Last Answer : (B) SE quadrant

If is the perimete D is the closing error in departure, the correction for the departure of a traverse side of length , according to Bowditch rule, is (A) D × L/l (B) D × l²/L (C) L × l D (D) D × l/L

Description : If is the perimete D is the closing error in departure, the correction for the departure of a traverse side of length , according to Bowditch rule, is (A) D × L/l (B) D × l²/L (C) L × l D (D) D × l/L

Last Answer : (D) D × l/L

List any four methods of plotting a compass traverse survey & explain any one in brief. Also state the meaning of adjustment of closing error of traverse.

Description : List any four methods of plotting a compass traverse survey & explain any one in brief. Also state the meaning of adjustment of closing error of traverse.

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. ... . 5. Finally join new points to get corrected traverse ABCDEA after graphical adjustment of closing error. 

The length of a traverse leg may be obtained by multiplying the latitude and (A) Secant of its reduced bearing (B) Sine of its reduced bearing (C) Cosine of its reduced bearing (D) Tangent of its reduced bearing

Description : The length of a traverse leg may be obtained by multiplying the latitude and (A) Secant of its reduced bearing (B) Sine of its reduced bearing (C) Cosine of its reduced bearing (D) Tangent of its reduced bearing

Last Answer : (A) Secant of its reduced bearing

Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Description : Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Last Answer : 1. Fore sight: It is the last staff reading from any set up of the leveling instrument and indicates the shifting of the instrument or end of leveling work. 2. Back sight: It is the first staff reading ... point fore sight is taken from one set up and a back sight is taken from the nest set up. 

Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used.

Description : Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used. 

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing - 1. The magnetic bearing of line measured clockwise or anticlockwise from north or south pole whichever is nearer. 2. These bearings are also called as reduced bearings. 3. ... lines in a closed traverse. 2. It is used to calculate back bearing for respective quadrants.

Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Description : Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Last Answer : i) Traversing : Traversing is the series of survey lines connecting successive established traverse stations along the route of survey  ii) Magnetic Meridian : The direction indicated by ... and properly balanced Magnetic needle unaffected by local attractive force is called magnetic meridian.

Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point.

Description : Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point. 

Last Answer : i) M.S.L: Mean sea level is the average height of the sea for all stages of tides. It is determined by averaging the hourly tide heights over a long period of 19 years at a place.  ii) Station ... is a point which is to be established at a given elevation or it is a point where the Staff is held 

Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Description : Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Last Answer : i. Long offset: The offset whose length is more than 15 m. ii. Short offset: The offset whose length is less than or equal to 15 m.

Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Description : Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Last Answer : i. True meridian: It is line of intersection of plane passing through North Pole, South Pole and point under consideration.  ii. Magnetic meridian: Magnetic meridian at point is direction shown by freely suspended magnetic needle at that point.

State sources of error in leveling.

Description : State sources of error in leveling. 

Last Answer : There are three sources of Error a) Instrumental Error :- Imperfect permanent adjustment Sluggish bubble Faulty focusing tube The erroneous leveling staff b) Refraction Error ( error due ... in manipulation  Mistake in reading the rod   Errors in sighting   Mistakes in recording

Enlist the sources of error in chaining and state the precautions to be taken against error.

Description : Enlist the sources of error in chaining and state the precautions to be taken against error.

Last Answer : In general, the distance measurement obtained in the field will be in error. Errors in the distance measurement can arise from a number of sources: 1. Instrument errors: A chain may be faulty due to a defect ... confuse 10 m tag with 20 m tag. It should be avoided by noticing the 15 m tag.

Define: i) Magnetic bearing ii) FB iii) BB iv) Bearing of line.

Description : Define: i) Magnetic bearing ii) FB iii) BB iv) Bearing of line.

Last Answer : i. Magnetic bearing; The bearing of a line measured with respect to magnetic north in clockwise manner is called as magnetic bearing. ii. Fore bearing: The bearing observed in the direction of progress ... made by survey line with respect to meridian (North direction) is known as bearing of line.  

Explain the terms magnetic declination and dip of needle.

Description : Explain the terms magnetic declination and dip of needle.

Last Answer : Magnetic Declination: The horizontal angle between the magnetic meridian and true meridian is known as magnetic declination. When the north end of magnetic needle is pointed towards west side of ... needle is deflected downwards and southern hemisphere south end of the needle is deflected downwards.

Define following term: (i) Precision (ii) Drift (iii) Static error (iv) Dead zone

Description : Define following term: (i) Precision (ii) Drift (iii) Static error (iv) Dead zone

Last Answer : (i) Precision: It is the measure of consistency or repeatability of measurements.   OR The closeness with which the individual measurements are departed or distributed about the average of number ... variable to which instrument does not respond. It is mainly due to friction in the instrument.

Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

Arrange the following Steps of selling process in a proper order in order to help the sales man ? o I. Approach o II. Presentation and demonstration o III. Prospecting and qualifying o IV. Closing sales and follow-up o V. Handling objectives 1. II, III, I, V, IV 2. I, II, III, IV, V 3. I, II, V, III, IV 4. II, I, III, V, IV 5. None of these

Description : Arrange the following Steps of selling process in a proper order in order to help the sales man ? o I. Approach o II. Presentation and demonstration o III. Prospecting and qualifying o IV. Closing sales and follow-up o V. ... 3. I, II, V, III, IV 4. II, I, III, V, IV 5. None of these

Last Answer : I, II, III, IV, V