Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.
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1 Answer

Answer :

Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction.

Causes of local attraction : 1. Iron or steel structure 2. Electric cable line 3. High voltage current 4. Bunch of key 5. Steel Tape 
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Related questions

State the causes of local attraction.

Description : State the causes of local attraction. 

Last Answer : Causes of Local Attraction (1) Electric wire,poles. (2) Steel tape. (3) Chain, arrows, ranging rod. (4) Bunches of key. (5) Area affected by magnetic field

Define Local attraction.

Description : Define Local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction – when magnetic needle does not remain in N-S direction due to effect of magnetic substances present around the compass, such error at station is known as local attraction. 

What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Description : What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Suspect of local attraction ... The needle is affected by local attraction therefore it does not give a corrected angle

State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of.

Description : State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of. 

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction.  Effect on prismatic compass: ... compass. 3) If local attraction still persists, it is corrected by mathematical calculation. 

How would you detect presence of local attraction at a place ?

Description : How would you detect presence of local attraction at a place ?

Last Answer : The presence of local attraction may be detected by finding difference of FB & BB of the line. If the fore bearing and back bearing difference is 1800 then there is no local attraction at both ... difference is not equal to 1800 then there is local attraction at both or any one station. 

What is local attraction? How it is defected?

Description : What is local attraction? How it is defected?

Last Answer : The compass needle doesn't point to magnetic north or magnetic meridian when it is under the influence of the external attractive forced. It is found to deviate from its normal position when compass is ... not equal to 1800 , then either one or both end stations are affected by local attraction.

Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

Last Answer : Orientation is the process of keeping plane table in same position as that is occupied in previous station. Methods of orientation: i) Magnetic meridian method using trough compass ii) Back ... and not by using trough compass. Therefore there is no error occurring due to local attraction.

Define surveying & state its objectives

Description : Define surveying & state its objectives

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement. Objectives: 1. To determine the relative positions of ... quantities 4. To prepare a topographical map showing details of hills, valleys and rivers.

State any four types of offsets and define them.

Description : State any four types of offsets and define them. 

Last Answer : i) Long offset: If length of offset more than 15 m. ii) Short offset: If length of offset less than 15 m. iii) Perpendicular offset: Offset taken perpendicular to chain line. iv) Oblique offset: Offset not taken perpendicular to chain line.

Define Ranging. State types of ranging.

Description : Define Ranging. State types of ranging.

Last Answer : Ranging: It is process of locating points on ground along straight line. Types of ranging: 1. Direct ranging. 2. Indirect ranging

Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Description : Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Last Answer : Fly Leveling adopted to transfer bench marks from one place to other .In this leveling only FS & BS are taken.  Profile leveling:- The operation in which the object is to determine the ... known distanced apart along a given line to obtained the accurate outline of the surface of the ground 

Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point

Description : Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point 

Last Answer : 1) Bench mark: - It is a fixed reference point of known elevation.. 2)Datum surface :-It is any arbitrarily assumed level surface from which vertical distance are measured 3) Line of collimation:- ... which the fore and back sights are taken.  It is the point denoting the shifting of the level.

Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Description : Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Last Answer : Ans.: 1)WCB:-In this system the bearing of a line is always measured clockwise for the north point of the reference meridian towards the line round the circle the angle thus measured is called ... the bearing of a line is measured clockwise from the north point or south point whichever is nearest .

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Description : Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Last Answer : i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing  ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 

Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Description : Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Last Answer : Dip of the magnetic needle: It is the upward or downward movement of magnetic needle in vertical plane due to earth's gravitational force is known as dip of needle. Deflection of needle : ... west direction, that horizontal angle between magnetic and true north is said to be declination of needle.

Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Description : Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Last Answer : Change point : It is the point at which both backsight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument. Necessity of change point in leveling : It is ... observations from single station due to large area, abrupt ground level variation and unavoidable obstruction. 

Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Description : Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Last Answer : Horizontal line : A straight line tangential to the level line and perpendicular to the plumb line is called horizontal line.  Vertical line : A line perpendicular to horizontal line and coinciding plumb line is known as vertical line

Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Description : Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Last Answer : i) Traversing : Traversing is the series of survey lines connecting successive established traverse stations along the route of survey  ii) Magnetic Meridian : The direction indicated by ... and properly balanced Magnetic needle unaffected by local attractive force is called magnetic meridian.

Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Description : Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Last Answer : 1. True bearing – (i) The angle between true meridian or geographical north and any line known as true bearing. 2.Magnetic bearing-(i)The angle between magnetic meridian and any line is known as magnetic bearing.

Define surveying.

Description : Define surveying.

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement.

Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Description : Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Last Answer : 1.Whole circle bearing-  The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing. 2.Reduced bearing  The bearing measures with ... bearing  The bearing observed in the direction of opposite of survey is called fore bearing. 

Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Description : Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Last Answer : 1. Datum- It is the imaginary level surface or level line from which the vertical distance of different points are measured.  2. Change point- It is the point at which both back sight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument. 

Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark.

Description : Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark. 

Last Answer : j) Level Line: It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Horizontal Line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a ... RL determined with reference to the datum line. They serve as reference points for finding RL of new points. 

Define orientation and principle of plane tabling.

Description : Define orientation and principle of plane tabling. 

Last Answer : Orientation: The orientation of plane table means keeping the plane table at all stations parallel to the position it occupied at first station. Principles of plane table survey: 1. The rays drawn from ... same as that of previous station i.e. orientation should be done at each changed station.  

Define base line and check line with neat sketch.

Description : Define base line and check line with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1)Base Line : The longest line running roughly through the middle of the area to be surveyed is known as base line 2) Check line: The line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed point on the ... A line joining some fixed point on any two sides of a triangle is known as check line. 

Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point.

Description : Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point. 

Last Answer : i) M.S.L: Mean sea level is the average height of the sea for all stages of tides. It is determined by averaging the hourly tide heights over a long period of 19 years at a place.  ii) Station ... is a point which is to be established at a given elevation or it is a point where the Staff is held 

Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Description : Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Last Answer : i)Whole circle bearing: The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing.   ii) Reduced bearing: The bearing measured ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrant bearing 

Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse.

Description : Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse. 

Last Answer : i) Open traverse: When the first and last survey lines does not meets at common point and hence does not form a closed polygon, then it is said to be open traverse.  ii) Closed Traverse: When last and first survey stations meet at common point, traverse is called as closed traverse.

Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Description : Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Last Answer : 1. Fore sight: It is the last staff reading from any set up of the leveling instrument and indicates the shifting of the instrument or end of leveling work. 2. Back sight: It is the first staff reading ... point fore sight is taken from one set up and a back sight is taken from the nest set up. 

Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Description : Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Last Answer : Dip of needle: It is downward inclination or small angle made by freely suspended magnetic needle with the horizontal. Magnetic bearing: Magnetic bearing of a survey line is the horizontal angle ... of line measured in backward direction or opposite direction of survey, is known as back bearing.

Define the term – base line and check line.

Description : Define the term – base line and check line.

Last Answer : Base line: Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... point on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle.

Define the term: (1) Level surface (2) Line of collimation

Description : Define the term: (1) Level surface (2) Line of collimation

Last Answer : Level surface: It is a surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth. It is normal to the direction of plumb line at all points. The surface of still water is an example of level ... to the optical center of object glass and its continuation. It is also called as line of sight. 

Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Description : Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Last Answer : i. Height of instrument: It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is obtained by adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the ... when the bubble is at the center of its run i.e. at middle point of the tube.

Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Last Answer : i)Level Surface : Any surface is parallel to mean spheroidal surface of earth is said to be a level surface. The water surface of still lake is also considered to be level surface. ii) ... an imaginary line passing through the optical Centre of object glass and optical Centre of the eye piece.

Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Description : Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Last Answer : i. Long offset: The offset whose length is more than 15 m. ii. Short offset: The offset whose length is less than or equal to 15 m.

Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Description : Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Last Answer : i. True meridian: It is line of intersection of plane passing through North Pole, South Pole and point under consideration.  ii. Magnetic meridian: Magnetic meridian at point is direction shown by freely suspended magnetic needle at that point.

Define bench mark and enlist the types of bench mark.

Description : Define bench mark and enlist the types of bench mark.

Last Answer : It is fixed reference point of known or assumed elevation. It is used either as a starting point for levelling or as a check while closing. There are four kinds of bench marks. i. Great ... ) bench mark. ii. Permanent bench mark. iii. Arbitrary bench mark. iv. Temporary bench mark.

Define : 1) Change point 2) Height of instrument.

Description : Define : 1) Change point 2) Height of instrument.

Last Answer : 1) Change point It is point on which fore and back sights are taken. 2) Height of instrument. It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is ... adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the staff reading was taken.

Define leveling.

Description : Define leveling.

Last Answer : Levelling is an ‘art of determining relative heights or elevations of different points on the earth’s surface so that the same may be represented on a plan or map’. It is essentially a process dealing with the measurements in vertical plane.

Define 1)Ranging 2)Chaining

Description : Define 1)Ranging 2)Chaining

Last Answer : 1) Ranging The method of establishing intermediate points on a straight line between the two fixed points is known as ranging. 2)Chaining The method of measuring the distance with the chain or tape is called as Chaining.

State any two causes of local attraction.

Description : State any two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction caused due to attraction of magnetic needle by following sources: i. Iron or steel structure ii. Electric cable line iii. Wires iv. Iron poles v. iron ore vi. Bunch of key vii. Knife viii. Steel Tape ix. Earth’s gravitational force of attraction

State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Description : State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Last Answer : Two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying:- i) To determine the precise position s on the surface of the earth. ii) Preparation of maps of large area like map of a country, state ... ) Establishment of GTS bench Marks across the country. iv) Preparation of military maps for defense purposes.

State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

Description : State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

Last Answer : Advantages of telescopic alidade : i) Telescopic alidade is more accurate in bisection than simple alidade ii) Telescopic alidade is useful in comparatively longer range objects. iii) It can be easily ... is not possible by simple alidade. iv) It gives quicker bisection which saves time ultimately.

State any two uses of survey.

Description : State any two uses of survey.

Last Answer : Survey is useful for following: 1. To prepare a map or plan of the surveyed area for attaching it to legal documents. 2. To plot control points of boundries of locality 3. To determine ... . 5. To decide suitable gradient and camber of road depending on equal volume of cutting and filling.

State any two uses of Plane Surveying.

Description : State any two uses of Plane Surveying. 

Last Answer : 1) Plane surveying is used for measuring small distance. 2) When area is less than 260 km2, plane survey is normally done. 3) When desired accuracy is less, plane survey is done.

State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Description : State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Following are the desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level. 1. The axis of level tube should be perpendicular to the vertical axis. 2. The line of collimation should be parallel to ... of bubble (level) tube. 3. Axis of telescope and line of collimation should be coinciding.

State two principles of survey.

Description : State two principles of survey.

Last Answer : Following are the two principles of survey. 1) To work from whole to part. 2) To locate a point at least by two independent processes.

State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Description : State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axis of dumpy level are as follows; i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relationship between ... iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide when dumpy level is correctly leveled.

State the situation where plane table is suitable.

Description : State the situation where plane table is suitable. 

Last Answer : 1) It is most suitable for preparing small scale maps 2) It is suitable in magnetic are where compass survey is not reliable 3) It is most suitable for filling in details between stations fixed by triangulation 4) It is suitable where accuracy is not required.