Why zero is marked at south end on a graduated circle of prismatic compass?

1 Answer

Answer :

As bearing of any line is measured with respective north direction, while observing north direction, reading should be 00 0’. Therefore when object vane is bisecting north direction, at the same time zero marked at south end gets reflected through prism. Thus to get bearings with respective north direction always, zero is marked at south end of magnetic needle.

Related questions

Description : The zero of the graduated circle of a prismatic compass is located at  (A) North end  (B) East end  (C) South end  (D) West end 

Last Answer : (C) South end

Description : Prismatic compass is considered more accurate than a surveyor's compass, because (A) It is provided with a better magnetic needle (B) It is provided with a sliding glass in the object vane ( ... whole circle bearings (D) It is provided with a prism to facilitate reading of its graduated circle

Last Answer : (D) It is provided with a prism to facilitate reading of its graduated circle

Description : In a perfect prismatic compass (A) Magnetic axis and geometric axis of the needle coincide (B) Ends of the needle and pivot are in same vertical and horizontal planes (C) Pivot is vertically over the centre of the graduated circle (D) All the above

Last Answer : (D) All the above

Description : Explain the temporary adjustments of prismatic compass.

Last Answer : Temporary Adjustments of Prismatic Compass 1. Fixing the compass to the tripod The compass is fixed on a tripod by rotating screw head of tripod stand. 2. Centering the compass The prismatic compass ... prism is moved using focusing stud so that readings on graduated ring will be seen clearly. 

Description : State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Last Answer : a) Setting the prismatic compass over prefixed survey station b) Centering the compass over nail point of station using plumb bob c) Leveling of compass in horizontal plane using level tube d) Focusing of prism by raising and lowering the focussing stud

Description : Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Last Answer : i) Prism: Reading printed on horizontal face of compass ring can be read from vertical position  ii) Lifting pin: When the instrument not in use the sight vane passes against the lifting pin which lift ... piece of hard glass provided on top of pivoted point, to reduce wear and tear of the point

Description : State any eight component parts with its functions of prismatic compass. 

Last Answer : Component parts of prismatic compass are as follows. 1. Break pin - It is used to stop the oscillations of aluminum ring. 2. Lifting pin - It lifts the magnetic needle when sight vane is folded. ... and sighting vane when the compass is not in use to protect the compass from dirt, dust etc.

Description : State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of. 

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction.  Effect on prismatic compass: ... compass. 3) If local attraction still persists, it is corrected by mathematical calculation. 

Description : Draw a neat sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass and label its component parts

Description : Draw labeled sketch of prismatic compass.

Last Answer : Sketch of prismatic compass :

Description : State the function of reflecting mirror in prismatic compass. 

Last Answer : Function of reflecting mirror is to get image of an object located above or below the instrument level while bisection.

Description : State any four sources of errors in compass survey 

Last Answer : Following are the sources of errors in compass survey1. Instrumental survey-  a. Needle may not be perfectly straight and might not be balanced properly over the station.  b. Graduations of the rings ... substances near the station.  b. Magnetic field may vary on account of some natural causes. 

Description : State different methods of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. Plotting by tangents. 6. Plotting by chords.

Description : Explain Procedure for chain and compass traversing.

Last Answer : Chain and compass traversing : 1) Reconnaissance of the area to be surveyed is done. 2) Traverse stations are fixed. 3) The F.B and B.B of the traverse are measured by prismatic compass and ... occur when the traverse is plotted. 6) This error is adjusted graphically by using Bowditch Rule'. 

Description : Enlist different errors in compass surveying.

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Description : With neat sketch, explain the included angle method of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : 1. Calculate all included angles of the traverse from observed bearings of the lines. e.g. <A, <B, <C, <D, <E  2. Check sum of included angles as equal to ( ... coincide with starting station (in case of closed traverse). If there is closing error, it needs to be corrected. 

Description : With neat sketch, write the procedure of measurement of fore bearing with compass.

Last Answer : For measuring fore bearing of line AB, i) Place the compass over station A, center and level it.  ii) Looking through eye slit towards object vane, bisect the ranging rod at station ... which coincides with horse hair at observer end. The observed reading is the fore bearing of line AB

Description : State the functions of needle, glass cover, pivot and adjustable mirror of a compass.

Last Answer : Needle: To direct north-south direction or to give magnetic meridian. Glass cover: To prevent entry of dust in box and movement of needle due to air or wind. Pivot: To support and balance the ... it is in use. Adjustable mirror: For sighting object at high or below level of observer's eye.

Description : Describe in brief errors in compass survey.

Last Answer : Errors in Compass Surveying. The errors are classified as: 1. Instrumental errors. 2. Personal or Observational errors. 3. Errors due to External Influences (Natural errors etc.).  (1 ... in magnetic declination. (iii) Local attraction due to proximity of electric lines, steel structures etc.

Description : State the principle of compass survey. 

Last Answer : The principle of compass survey is traversing, which involves a series of connected survey lines (may be open or closed) whose lengths and bearing are measured by linear and angular measuring instruments.

Description : Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Last Answer : 1.Whole circle bearing-  The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing. 2.Reduced bearing  The bearing measures with ... bearing  The bearing observed in the direction of opposite of survey is called fore bearing. 

Description : Differentiate between reduced bearing and whole circle bearing

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing/Reduced Bearing Whole Circle Bearing The horizontal angle made by a line with the magnetic north or south (whichever is closer from the line) in the eastward or westward direction ... from 0° to 90°  The value of the whole circle bearing varies from 0° to 360° 

Description : In chain surveying, perpendiculars to the chain line are set out by (A) A theodolite (B) A prismatic compass (C) A level (D) An optical square

Last Answer : (D) An optical square

Description : Which one of the following statements is not correct ? (a) A surveyor's compass has two sight vanes (b) A prismatic compass has an object vane and an eye vane (c) A trough compass ... table (d) In a prismatic compass the graduations on the aluminimum disc rotate and the index remains stationary

Last Answer : (a) A surveyor’s compass has two sight vanes

Description : The survey instrument used for reconnaissance survey (a) Theodelite & Dumpty level (b) Prismatic compass & Aneriod barometer* (c) All the above (d) None of them

Last Answer : (b) Prismatic compass & Aneriod barometer*

Description : Which of the instruments is not used in Reconnaissance survey. (a) Prismatic compass (b) Dumpy level * (c) Aneroid Barometer (d) Pedometer

Last Answer : (b) Dumpy level *

Description : List any eight component parts of prismatic compass with their function in brief.

Last Answer : Component parts of compass with their function. Sr.No Component Function 1 Circular metal box  To protect needle and pivot. 2 Steel pivot To carry magnetic ... prism to eye sight of observer 14 Magnetic needle To obtain the north direction. 

Description : A 20m chain was found to be 6cm too long after chaining a distance of 1059m. It was found to be 9cm too short after chaining at the end 1985m. If the chain was correct before commencement of work find the true distance.

Last Answer : Given : Line ABC, AB=1059m, AC=1985m  L= 20m, No error at start, 0.06m too long at B,  0.09m too short  Find : True distance of AC = ? Solution : For part AB L = Length of chain= 20 m e = Average ... Total true distance of AC = True distance of (AB + BC)  = 1060.59 m + 922.52 m  = 1983.11 m

Description : The length of line measured with a chain was found to be 250m. Calculate the true length of line if i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long and ii) The length of chain was 30 m in the beginning and 30.10 m at the end of the work. 

Last Answer : Given Data: L = 30 m Measured Length = 250 m Solution: Case i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long L' = 30 + 0.1 = 30.1 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length ... = 30.05 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length  = (30.05/30) x 250  = 250.42 m

Description : Which one of the following statements is correct? (A) When the axes of rotation of the graduated circle and the verniers are not coincident, the instrument possesses eccentricity (B) The mean of the ... Vernier may be used if the readings of two verniers differ by a constant (D) All the above

Last Answer : (D) All the above

Description : As used in survey

Last Answer : It's the operation of changing the face of telescope from left to right and vice versa.

Description : The process of surveying is therefore in three stages namely:

Last Answer : (i) Taking a general view This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. In ... of quantities, datasheets, drawings and in land surveying maps and plan showing the features on the land.

Description : Tacheometric Surveying

Last Answer : Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are determined by taking angular observation with an instrument known as a tachometer. Tacheometric surveying is adopted in rough ... be prepared for investigation works within a short time on the basis of such survey.

Description : State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axis of dumpy level are as follows; i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relationship between ... iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide when dumpy level is correctly leveled.

Description : Describe with neat sketch, the optical square and explain its principle.

Last Answer : Principal of optical square :- the angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice the angle between the two mirrors OR If there are two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces ... is 450 while that between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is 900 .  

Description : What consideration would you have while selecting survey stations and survey lines in a chain survey?

Last Answer : Following points to be considered while selecting survey stations and survey lines 1) Main survey station should be mutually visible. 2) All triangles should be well conditioned. 3) The survey line should lie ... of the area so as to form the frame work of triangles on it to cover maximum area. 

Description : What are offsets? How are they taken and recorded? Explain with sketch.

Last Answer : Offsets are lateral measurement to the base line. They are Located by judgment if short And by instruments (optical square or cross staff) if long and measured by metallic tape and shown with their chainages on base line

Description : Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Last Answer : Fly Leveling adopted to transfer bench marks from one place to other .In this leveling only FS & BS are taken.  Profile leveling:- The operation in which the object is to determine the ... known distanced apart along a given line to obtained the accurate outline of the surface of the ground 

Description : Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point 

Last Answer : 1) Bench mark: - It is a fixed reference point of known elevation.. 2)Datum surface :-It is any arbitrarily assumed level surface from which vertical distance are measured 3) Line of collimation:- ... which the fore and back sights are taken.  It is the point denoting the shifting of the level.

Description : State the situation where plane table is suitable. 

Last Answer : 1) It is most suitable for preparing small scale maps 2) It is suitable in magnetic are where compass survey is not reliable 3) It is most suitable for filling in details between stations fixed by triangulation 4) It is suitable where accuracy is not required.

Description : How would you detect presence of local attraction at a place ?

Last Answer : The presence of local attraction may be detected by finding difference of FB & BB of the line. If the fore bearing and back bearing difference is 1800 then there is no local attraction at both ... difference is not equal to 1800 then there is local attraction at both or any one station. 

Description : Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Last Answer : Ans.: 1)WCB:-In this system the bearing of a line is always measured clockwise for the north point of the reference meridian towards the line round the circle the angle thus measured is called ... the bearing of a line is measured clockwise from the north point or south point whichever is nearest .

Description : State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Last Answer : Two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying:- i) To determine the precise position s on the surface of the earth. ii) Preparation of maps of large area like map of a country, state ... ) Establishment of GTS bench Marks across the country. iv) Preparation of military maps for defense purposes.

Description : Write errors in leveling and corresponding precaution

Last Answer : i) Instrument error with respect to bubble tube, leveling staff. 1.If bubble tube is sluggish it may apparently be in the center though the bubble line is not horizontal. Precaution - ... reading. Precaution- Leveling should be properly done by bringing the bubble of bubble tube at Centre.

Description : State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Last Answer : 1) First reading is on bench mark point and should be noted in back sight(BS) column 2) Intermediate reading (IS) should be taken on the points between first and last station. 3) Last reading ... column of next page 6) Remark column should have denote First and Last RL along with change points.

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

Description : Draw a sketch and explain how to find height of chajja or slab using dumpy level.

Last Answer : Explanation : 1. First the back sight reading is taken on floor level whose RL is known to us; from which RL of instrument axis can be find out by adding RL of BM and BS reading. 2. Now ... staff reading. 4. Finally height of chajja is calculated as RL of slab bottom -  RL of floor top.

Description : Explain temporary adjustment.

Last Answer : 1) Place the telescope parallel to foot screw (fig. a) 2) Bring the bubble at Centre by moving foot screw inward or outward simultaneously. 3) Then turn the telescope through 900 so that it ... 6) Once both positions give centered bubble, leveling of instrument is said to be completed.

Description : State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide.

Description : State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Last Answer : Booking of observations: i) Field work and plotting work done simultaneously ii) ) Notes of measurement are seldom required and possibility of mistakes in booking is eliminated. Suitability of PT ... and work where great accuracy is not required. ii) Mostly suitable for survey in plain terrain