The pump is the heart of a home's water system. When choosing it, several parameters are taken into account, but the key characteristic is the elevation of the base or the depth of the well, which is indicated in its passport. If you do not know the depth, you can measure it yourself - all you need to do is tie a weight to the rope and lower it into the hole.
Other selection criteria
The need for water. The pump power must be calculated depending on the number of residents in the house and other side factors. On average, a person consumes about 150 liters of water per day, so a family of 4 needs a device with a capacity of 40-50 liters per minute. If, in addition to this, watering of the site is required, then it is better to increase the capacity by another 20-30 liters.
Well debit. Whatever the power of the device, without enough water, it will be useless. The debit can be determined by the time it takes for a fully pumped-out well to be filled to the required level.
Borehole diameter. Most modern pumps are designed for 4 "wells, 3" are not so common, so it is better to drill a 4 "well right away.
Head (water column). This parameter is calculated in meters and is indicated in the device passport. The water column must cover the immersion depth and the distance of the communications to the storage tank. In this case, the pump must provide an excess pressure (about 2.5 atm). Usually, 30 m is added to the depth of the well, the indicator is increased by 10% and thus the total height of the column is obtained. For example, if the depth is 50 m, then the design height of the water column will be 80 m.Adding 10% to this, we get 88 m, that is, for this case, a model with a head of 90 m will suffice.
Centrifugal or Vibrating?
In fact, pumps for water are not only centrifugal and vibrational, there are also surface pumps , but this type is considered the least productive, and therefore it is better to forget about it right away.
Vibrating pumps are used in cases where the well depth does not exceed 50 meters. The working element in them is a reciprocating piston. This type is distinguished by its durability, economy and unpretentiousness in maintenance, however, the peculiarities of the mechanism can lead to clogging of the well.
Submersible centrifugal pumps are considered more advanced. They are characterized by high productivity and do not destroy wells. Such devices can be used in wells of any depth and even to supply water from ordinary reservoirs.
It should be remembered that dry-running protection is very important for all pumps. The fact is that such devices get quite hot and therefore use water for their cooling. When choosing a pump, be sure to ask if it has a dry-running protection relay. Without it, you may have problems, especially if the well debit is small.