Description : Bacterial opsonization is mediated by? C A. histamine B. prostaglandin C. immunoglobulins D. tumor Necrosis Factor
Last Answer : immunoglobulins
Description : Which of the following statements regarding the complement system are true? a. Complement activation yields products which are directly cytotoxic as well as products which act indirectly via activated ... and classical pathways converge proximal to generating the membrane attack complex (C5b-9)
Last Answer : Answer: a, d The complement system is composed of two different but linked sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The pathways involve serum proteins that act to amplify the inflammatory-immune ... the C5 level proximal to generating the membrane attack complex (C5b-9) (Figure 6-3)
Description : The symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) ... bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cell (e) Decreased prostaglandin production
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : The Symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) ... bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cells (e) Decreased prostaglandin production
Description : Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the diuretic action of furosemide by: A. Preventing prostaglandin mediated intrarenal haemodynamic actions B. Blocking the action in ascending limb of loop ... C. Enhancing salt and water reabsorption in distal tubule D. Increasing aldosterone secretion
Last Answer : A. Preventing prostaglandin mediated intrarenal haemodynamic actions
Description : Factor XII (Hageman factor) deficiency?
Last Answer : DefinitionFactor XII deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects a protein (factor XII) involved in blood clotting.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsWhen you bleed, the body launches a ... rare inherited disorder.SymptomsThere are usually no symptoms.Signs and testsFactor XII deficiency is u
Description : Which of the following activates Hageman factor in blood clotting? B A. Kinins B. Negatively charged surfaces C. Complement C5a D. Positively charged collagen
Last Answer : Negatively charged surfaces
Description : Following is not the clotting factor ___________ a. Fibrinogen b. Prothrombin c. Hageman factor d. Ferritin
Last Answer : d. Ferritin
Description : The most important mechanism of bacterial resistance to an aminoglycoside antibiotic is (a) Plasmid mediated acquisition of aminoglycoside conjugating enzyme (b) Mutational acquisition of aminoglycoside ... affinity of ribosomal protein for the antibiotic (d) Mutational loss of porin channels
Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : The main reason why antibodies could not solve all the problems of bacteria mediated disease is (a) decreased efficiency of the immune system (b) insensitivity of the individual ... development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies (d) inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzymes.
Last Answer : (c) development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies
Description : The most important mechanism of bacterial resistance to an aminoglycoside antibiotic is: A. Plasmid mediated acquisition of aminoglycoside conjugating enzyme B. Mutational acquisition of aminoglycoside ... affinity of ribosomal protein for the antibiotic D. Mutational loss of porin channels
Last Answer : A. Plasmid mediated acquisition of aminoglycoside conjugating enzyme
Description : Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above
Last Answer : D. All of the above
Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria
Last Answer : B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Description : A/an ________mechanism facilitates the clearance of toxins from the body. a. Opsonization b. Precipitation c. Agglutination d. Neutralization
Last Answer : d. Neutralization
Description : The immunoglobulin which provides highest antiviral activity is (A) Ig D (B) Ig E (C) Ig A (D) Ig G
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : The immunoglobulin having highest molecular weight is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig E (D) Ig A MINERAL METABOLISM 187
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : The immunoglobulin having highest sedimentation coefficient is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D
Description : The immunoglobulin possessing highest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig A (D) Ig D
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Most heat labile immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D
Description : The immunoglobulin possessing lowest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig A (B) Ig E (C) Ig M (D) Ig G
Description : The immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig G (D) Ig D
Description : The smallest immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig E (C) Ig D (D) Ig A
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : A pentamer immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig E
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response
Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components
Description : Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins
Last Answer : prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation
Description : Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin
Last Answer : C. Platelet activating factor
Description : Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Last Answer : B. Prostaglandin
Description : What type of molecule is I2?
Last Answer : I2 is the diatomic molecule of iodine.
Description : Which of the following chemical reactions will be favoured by low pressure? (A) 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 (B) N2O2 ⇌ 2NO2 (C) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO (D) None of these
Last Answer : (B) N2O2 ⇌ 2NO2
Description : Iodobenzene can be prepared by (a) treating chlorobenzene with I2 using FeCl3 catalyst. (b) treating phenol with I2 in NaOH solution. (c) treating benzenediazonium chloride with KI (d) treating benzene with CH3I using AlCl3 catalyst
Last Answer : treating benzenediazonium chloride with KI
Description : Aniline is prepared by (a) the reaction of benzene with ammonia (b) the reduction of nitrobenzene with Sn/HCl (c) the dehydrogenation of nitrobenzene (d) the reaction of nitrobenzene with I2/NaOH
Last Answer : the reduction of nitrobenzene with Sn/HCl
Description : An unknown compound gave a positive Tollens' test. Treatment of the unknown with I2/NaOH gave a solid which was identified as iodoform. The unknown was? (a) Ethanal (b) Acetone (c) Propanal (d) Acetophenone
Last Answer : Ethanal
Description : Which of the following compounds does not give iodoform test on treatment with I2/NaOH? (a) Ethanol (b) Propanone (c) 2-Propanol (d) Butanone
Last Answer : Butanone
Description : Which of the following reagents will replace –OH group by a halogen atom? (a) HOCl (b) Br2 (c) SOCl2 (d) I2
Last Answer : SOCl2
Description : In the reaction, H2 +I2 ⇌ 2HI, addition of an inert gas will (A) Increase the partial pressure of H2 (B) Increase the partial pressure of I2 (C) Increase the total pressure and hence shift the equilibrium towards the right (D) Not affect the equilibrium conditions
Last Answer : (D) Not affect the equilibrium conditions Share
Description : In which of the following reaction equilibrium, the value of equilibrium constant Kp will be more than is Kc? (A) 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 (B) N2O4 ⇌ 2NO2 (C) 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 (D) None of these
Last Answer : (B) N2O4 ⇌ 2NO2
Description : In case of the decomposition of hydroiodic acid (2HI ⇌ H2 + I2), addition of H2(at equilibrium condition) will (A) Increase the partial pressure of I2 (B) Decrease the partial pressure of HI (C) Diminish the degree of dissociation of HI (D) None of these
Last Answer : (C) Diminish the degree of dissociation of HI
Description : According to Manning's formula, the discharge through an open channel is (where M = Manning's constant) (A) A × M × m 1/2 × i2/3 (B) A × M × m 2/3 × i1/2 (C) A 1/2 × M 2/3 × m × i (D) A 2/3 × M 1/3 × m ×
Last Answer : Answer: Option B
Description : The boiling points of the halogens increase going from F2 to I2. What type of intermolecular forces are responsible for this trend? w) permanent dipole x) hydrogen bonding y) ion-ion attraction z) London dispersion forces
Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- LONDON DISPERSION FORCES
Description : Briefly, describe how GPCR and heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling occurs.
Last Answer : Binding of a signaling molecule (ligand) to GPCRs causes a conformation change in GPCR, leading to heterotrimeric G protein activation, where GTP physically replaces the GDP bound to the alpha ... some G proteins stimulate the activity of target proteins, whereas others G proteins are inhibitory.
Description : All of the following subserve as intracellular second messengers in receptor mediated signal transduction except: A. Cyclic AMP B. Inositol trisphosphate C. Diacyl glycerols D. G proteins
Last Answer : D. G proteins
Description : The following action(s) of heparin is/are essential for inhibition of factor Xa: A. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor XIIa B. Provision of scaffold for the clotting factor ... configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites D. Both A' and B
Last Answer : C. Induction of a configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites
Description : he primary mechanism by which heparin prevents coagulation of blood is: A. Direct inhibition of prothrombin to thrombin conversion B. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor Xa and ... of antithrombin III to inhibit factors IX and XI D. Inhibition of factors XIIa and XIIIa
Last Answer : B. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor Xa and thrombi
Description : What is Immunoglobulin ?
Last Answer : Immunoglobulin "(defense bead") is a type of English Y-shaped (snail-like) protective protein produced by the body's immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance or defense-stimulating antigen.
Description : Assertion : IgM is a type of immunoglobulin which cannot cross the placenta Reason : IgM is a pentamer immunoglobulin jointed by I-chain
Last Answer : Assertion : IgM is a type of immunoglobulin which cannot cross the placenta Reason : IgM is a ... D. If both the assertion and reason are false
Description : Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen
Last Answer : Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen A. `I_(g ... ` C. `I_(g)A` D. `I_(g)E`
Description : The immunoglobulin having least concentration in serum is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig D (D) Ig E