Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site

Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site
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Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason ... . If both the assertion and reason are false
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Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents.

Description : 6 Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents. a. cytokine b. physical c. cellular d. physiological

Last Answer : Ans. cytokine

With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts

Description : With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts

Last Answer : IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus

Pathogenic bacteria secrete - (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Description : Pathogenic bacteria secrete - (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Last Answer : (1) Antigens Explanation: Pathogenic bacteria secrete various virulence factors, including toxins, lipases and pro-teases that allow them to infect, breakdown and colonize host tissue. Among ... while phospholipases cleaves and hydrolyzes the ester bonds of most phospholipids in cell membrane.

Pathogenic bacteria secrete (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Description : Pathogenic bacteria secrete (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Last Answer : Antigens

Cancer cells interfere with cell functions in all the following ways except: a. they rob cells of their nutrients and induce cell starvation. b. they stimulate the immune system to produce destructive interferons. c. they clog the vascular network and reduce the oxygen supply to cells. d. they overwhelm cells through sheer force of numbers.

Description : Cancer cells interfere with cell functions in all the following ways except: a. they rob cells of their nutrients and induce cell starvation. b. they stimulate the immune system to produce destructive ... reduce the oxygen supply to cells. d. they overwhelm cells through sheer force of numbers.

Last Answer : b. they stimulate the immune system to produce destructive interferons.

Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin

Description : Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin

Last Answer : Ans: C

Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside the host are introduced into a host. Reason

Description : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside the host are introduced into a host. Reason

Last Answer : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside ... both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only by genetic engineering are effective against vi

Description : Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only by genetic engineering are effective against vi

Last Answer : Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.

Description : Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.

Last Answer : Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral ... If both the assertion and resson are false.

____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Description : ____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Last Answer : b. Cell-mediated immune response

Assertion `:-` An increase in body fluid volume activate osmoreceptors , which stimulate the hypothelamus to release ADH. Reason `:-` ADH facilitates

Description : Assertion `:-` An increase in body fluid volume activate osmoreceptors , which stimulate the hypothelamus to release ADH. Reason `:-` ADH facilitates

Last Answer : Assertion `:-` An increase in body fluid volume activate osmoreceptors , which stimulate the hypothelamus ... . If both Assertion & Reason are false.

The formation of _____ by_____ directly lyses and kills pathogens. a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement b. Inflammation, lymph nodes c. antibodies, plasma cells d. Plasma cells, B cells

Description : The formation of _____ by_____ directly lyses and kills pathogens. a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement b. Inflammation, lymph nodes c. antibodies, plasma cells d. Plasma cells, B cells

Last Answer : a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement

The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this arm of the surgical stress response? a. Cytokines primarily work locally via direct cell-to-cell communication b. Cytokines are never detectable in the systemic bloodstream c. Cytokines are produced only by immune cells attracted to the site of injury d. Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream

Assertion (A): Organ transplantation patients are given immunosuppressive durgs. Reason (R): Transplanted tissue has antigens which stimulate the spec

Description : Assertion (A): Organ transplantation patients are given immunosuppressive durgs. Reason (R): Transplanted tissue has antigens which stimulate the spec

Last Answer : Assertion (A): Organ transplantation patients are given immunosuppressive durgs. Reason (R): ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion : Arthritis or inflammation of a joint makes the joint painful. Reason : Some toxic substances are deposited at the joint

Description : Assertion : Arthritis or inflammation of a joint makes the joint painful. Reason : Some toxic substances are deposited at the joint

Last Answer : Assertion : Arthritis or inflammation of a joint makes the joint painful. Reason : Some toxic ... D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform larvae in the mosit soil penetrate the skin, us

Description : Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform larvae in the mosit soil penetrate the skin, us

Last Answer : Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform ... D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Description : Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Last Answer : Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: The antibodies separated from serum are homogenous. Reason : Monoclonal antibodies are homogenous immunological reagents.

Description : Assertion: The antibodies separated from serum are homogenous. Reason : Monoclonal antibodies are homogenous immunological reagents.

Last Answer : Assertion: The antibodies separated from serum are homogenous. Reason : Monoclonal antibodies are ... both the assertion and reason are false

An essential element of all allergy reactions is the a. Release of interferons from tissue cells. b. Accumulation of ige on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils. c. Passage of igg from the immune system to local tissue cells. d. Elimination of all traces of plasma cells from the body.

Description : An essential element of all allergy reactions is the a. Release of interferons from tissue cells. b. Accumulation of ige on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils. c. Passage of igg from the immune system to local tissue cells. d. Elimination of all traces of plasma cells from the body.

Last Answer : b. Accumulation of ige on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils.

Interferons are synthesized in response to – (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Myroplasma (4) Virus

Description : Interferons are synthesized in response to – (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Myroplasma (4) Virus

Last Answer : (4) Virus Explanation: Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, ... named for their ability to "interfere" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections.

Interferons are synthesized in response to – (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Mycoplasma (4) Virus

Description : Interferons are synthesized in response to – (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Mycoplasma (4) Virus

Last Answer : (4) Virus Explanation: Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, ... named for their ability to "interfere" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections.

Interferons are synthesized in response to (a) mycoplasma (b) bacteria (c) viruses (d) fungi.

Description : Interferons are synthesized in response to (a) mycoplasma (b) bacteria (c) viruses (d) fungi.

Last Answer : (c) viruses

Interferons are synthesized in response to (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Mycoplasma(4) Virus

Description : Interferons are synthesized in response to (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi (3) Mycoplasma(4) Virus

Last Answer : Virus

Platelets have a wide array of functions in inflammation. Which of the following are among these? a. Synthesis and release of vasoactive eicosanoids b. Release of chemotactic factors c. Adherence to and coating of bacterial and tumor cells d. Increase of vascular permeability e. Phagocytosis of bacteria

Description : Platelets have a wide array of functions in inflammation. Which of the following are among these? a. Synthesis and release of vasoactive eicosanoids b. Release of chemotactic factors c. ... coating of bacterial and tumor cells d. Increase of vascular permeability e. Phagocytosis of bacteria

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Platelets are anucleated cells derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Their central role in hemostasis is well known. Platelets possess a wide ... primitive precursor inflammatory cell. Platelets serve primarily as an amplifier or modulator of the inflammatory response

Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys (a) certain types of bacteria (b) all viruses (c) most virus-infected cells (d) certain fungi.

Description : Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys (a) certain types of bacteria (b) all viruses (c) most virus-infected cells (d) certain fungi.

Last Answer : (a) certain types of bacteria

The role of the M cell is toA- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine

Description : The role of the M cell is to A- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for ... and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine

Last Answer : pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen

The main reason why antibodies could not solve all the problems of bacteria mediated disease is (a) decreased efficiency of the immune system (b) insensitivity of the individual following prolonged exposure to antibiotics (c) development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies (d) inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzymes.

Description : The main reason why antibodies could not solve all the problems of bacteria mediated disease is (a) decreased efficiency of the immune system (b) insensitivity of the individual ... development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies (d) inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzymes.

Last Answer : (c) development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

What is true about viruses without exception? (1) They contain a core of RNA (2) They can infect bacteria (3) They cannot produce antibodies (4) They can multiply only in host cells

Description : What is true about viruses without exception? (1) They contain a core of RNA (2) They can infect bacteria (3) They cannot produce antibodies (4) They can multiply only in host cells

Last Answer : (4) They can multiply only in host cells Explanation: Viruses do not contain enzymes for energy production or protein synthesis. For a virus to multiply, it must invade a host cell and direct the host ... proteins, and copies of its nucleic acid, using the host cell's ATP to power the reactions.

What is true about viruses without exception? (1) They contain a core of RNA (2) They can infect bacteria (3) They cannot produce antibodies (4) They can multiply only in host cells

Description : What is true about viruses without exception? (1) They contain a core of RNA (2) They can infect bacteria (3) They cannot produce antibodies (4) They can multiply only in host cells 

Last Answer : They can multiply only in host cells

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes

A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Description : A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Last Answer : provirus of HIV in infected cells

Antibodies produced by a single clone of myeloma cells are referred to as _____ antibodies. a. Chimeric b. Monoclonal c. Polyclonal d. Hybrid

Description : Antibodies produced by a single clone of myeloma cells are referred to as _____ antibodies. a. Chimeric b. Monoclonal c. Polyclonal d. Hybrid

Last Answer : b. Monoclonal

How do interferons check infection of new cells? -Biology

Description : How do interferons check infection of new cells? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Natural killer (NK) cells kill by secreting a. Lysozymes. b. Granzymes. c. Defensins. d. Interferons.

Description : Natural killer (NK) cells kill by secreting a. Lysozymes. b. Granzymes. c. Defensins. d. Interferons.

Last Answer : b. Granzymes.

Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Description : Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic ... series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells.

Last Answer : a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

TThe most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Description : The most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Last Answer : B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation

An antigens develop antibodies. The Antibody which protect the body from harmful bacteria and viruses are?

Description : An antigens develop antibodies. The Antibody which protect the body from harmful bacteria and viruses are?

Last Answer : Immunoglobulins

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host’s body. It is called “Active immunity”. (b) When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity”(c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity.

Description : Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called Active immunity . (b) When ... full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

Last Answer : c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean a) his body has not produced antibodies to the AIDS virus. A negative test result indicates that antibodies to the AIDS virus are not present in the blood at the time the blood sample for the test is drawn.

Description : When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean a) his body has not produced antibodies to the AIDS virus. A negative test ... When antibodies to the AIDS virus are detected in the blood, the test is interpreted as positive.

Last Answer : a) his body has not produced antibodies to the AIDS virus. A negative test result indicates that antibodies to the AIDS virus are not present in the blood at the time the blood sample for the test is drawn.

If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he has got an infection of (a) tetanus (b) malaria (c) typhoid (d) measles.

Description : If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he has got an infection of (a) tetanus (b) malaria (c) typhoid (d) measles.

Last Answer : (d) measles

Assertion (A) : Cancer cells are virtually immortal until the body in which they reside dies. Reason`(R)`: Cancer is caused by damage to genes regulat

Description : Assertion (A) : Cancer cells are virtually immortal until the body in which they reside dies. Reason`(R)`: Cancer is caused by damage to genes regulat

Last Answer : Assertion (A) : Cancer cells are virtually immortal until the body in which they reside dies. Reason ... D. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion . Mast cells in human body release excessive amount of inflammatory chemicals which cause allergic reactions. Reason . Allergens in the envi

Description : Assertion . Mast cells in human body release excessive amount of inflammatory chemicals which cause allergic reactions. Reason . Allergens in the envi

Last Answer : Assertion . Mast cells in human body release excessive amount of inflammatory chemicals which cause ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Detritus food chain begins with decomposers. Reason: Detrivores, like fungi and bacteria, are major decomposers in such food chains.

Description : Assertion: Detritus food chain begins with decomposers. Reason: Detrivores, like fungi and bacteria, are major decomposers in such food chains.

Last Answer : Assertion: Detritus food chain begins with decomposers. Reason: Detrivores, like fungi and bacteria, are ... and Reason are false, then mark (4)

A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain of the fluid, which will likely demonstrate multiple bacteria including predominantly gram-positive rods b. A CT scan is indicated in a stable patient to define the extent of the disease c. Broad spectrum antibiotics followed with prompt extensive debridement is indicated d. A safe guideline is to resect infected necrotic tissue so that a several centimeter margin of grossly normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation

Description : A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain ... normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The presence of severe perineal infection (referred to as Fournier gangrene when this process involves the perineum and scrotum in males) is associated with a ... often provides improved wound care and patient management, although it is not invariably a positive outcome

Which of the following is not the main function of lymph glands? (a) Forming RBCs (b) Destroying bacteria (c) Forming WBCs (d) Forming antibodies

Description : Which of the following is not the main function of lymph glands? (a) Forming RBCs (b) Destroying bacteria (c) Forming WBCs (d) Forming antibodies

Last Answer : a) Forming RBCs

_______ is suspension of dead or weakened microbes. a) vaccine b)antibodies c)antibiotics d)bacteria

Description : _______ is suspension of dead or weakened microbes. a) vaccine b)antibodies c)antibiotics d)bacteria

Last Answer : a) vaccine

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

Will growth factors can stimulate cells to divide?

Description : Will growth factors can stimulate cells to divide?

Last Answer : Cyclin-Cdk complexes provide internal control for cell cycle decisions. Cells in multicellular organisms must divide only when appropriate. They must respond to external signals, controls called growth factors. ... either make their own growth factors Or no longer require them to start cycling.