Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.
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Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens ... If both the assertion and reason are false
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Antiretroviral treatment affords the following benefit(s) in HIV infection: A. Increases CD4 leucocyte count B. Reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients C. Increases survival time in AIDS patients D. All of the above

Description : Antiretroviral treatment affords the following benefit(s) in HIV infection: A. Increases CD4 leucocyte count B. Reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients C. Increases survival time in AIDS patients D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Currently, monotherapy with zidovudine is recommended for: A. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count more than 200/μl B. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count less than 200/μl C. HIV positive subjects with opportunistic infection D. None of the above

Description : Currently, monotherapy with zidovudine is recommended for: A. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count more than 200/μl B. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count less than 200/μl C. HIV positive subjects with opportunistic infection D. None of the above

Last Answer : D. None of the above

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) The transmission of HIV infection generally occurs through. (a) eating contaminated food and water (b) transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products (c) inhaling polluted air (d) shaking hand with infected person

Description : AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) The transmission of HIV infection generally occurs through. (a) eating contaminated food and water (b) transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products (c) inhaling polluted air (d) shaking hand with infected person

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS? (a) The HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person. (b) Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection.(c) AIDS patients are being fully cured cent per cent with proper care and nutrition. (d) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers.

Description : Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS? (a) The HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person. (b) Drug addicts are least ... and nutrition. (d) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers.

Last Answer : (d) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers.

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes

Which of the following reflect the pathophysiology of cutaneous signs of HIV disease? a) Immune function deterioration Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestations of HIV, appearing in more than 90 per cent of HIV infected patients as the immune function deteriorates. Common complaints include pruritis, folliculitis, and chronic actinic dermatitis.

Description : Which of the following reflect the pathophysiology of cutaneous signs of HIV disease? a) Immune function deterioration Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestations of HIV, appearing in more ... Decrease in normal skin flora Cutaneous signs of HIV disease appear as immune function deteriorates.

Last Answer : a) Immune function deterioration Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestations of HIV, appearing in more than 90 per cent of HIV infected patients as the immune function deteriorates. Common complaints include pruritis, folliculitis, and chronic actinic dermatitis.

Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.

Description : Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.

Last Answer : Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral ... If both the assertion and resson are false.

Mycobact. tuberculosis infection in a HIV infected patient is treated with: A. The same antitubercular regimen as HIV negative patient B. Four first line antitubercular drugs for 2 months followed by a longer continuation phase of 7 months with rifampin + isoniazid C. All 5 first line antitubercular drugs for 9 months D. Clarithromycin + Ciprofloxacin + Rifabutin for 12 months

Description : Mycobact. tuberculosis infection in a HIV infected patient is treated with: A. The same antitubercular regimen as HIV negative patient B. Four first line antitubercular drugs for 2 months followed ... line antitubercular drugs for 9 months D. Clarithromycin + Ciprofloxacin + Rifabutin for 12 months

Last Answer : B. Four first line antitubercular drugs for 2 months followed by a longer continuation phase of 7 months with rifampin + isoniazid

What is an opportunistic infection? -Biology

Description : What is an opportunistic infection? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Antiretroviral therapy is not recommended in asymptomatic HIV infected subjects with CD4 cell count more than 350/µl because of the following reason(s): A. All antiretroviral drugs lose efficacy after some time B. Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs compromise the quality of life of asymptomatic subjects C. The treated subjects may produce and transmit drug resistant virus D. All of the above

Description : Antiretroviral therapy is not recommended in asymptomatic HIV infected subjects with CD4 cell count more than 350/µl because of the following reason(s): A. All antiretroviral drugs lose efficacy after ... C. The treated subjects may produce and transmit drug resistant virus D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected person? -Science

Description : What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected person? -Science

Last Answer : HIV critically injures the immune system by infecting and eventually killing T-cells. Once the virus has infected a T cell, HIV copies its RNA into double stranded DNA copy by mearis ... the relentless attack of opportunistic pathogens or from the body’s inability to fight off malignancies.

Give reason: A HIV affected person is attacked by various diseases.

Description : Give reason: A HIV affected person is attacked by various diseases.

Last Answer : HIV destroys the natural immunity of the body. This leads to secondary infections. Thus, the affected person is attacked by various contagious diseases.

Assertion : New Born baby is resistant for cold Reason : The immune system of new born baby is very well developed .

Description : Assertion : New Born baby is resistant for cold Reason : The immune system of new born baby is very well developed .

Last Answer : Assertion : New Born baby is resistant for cold Reason : The immune system of new born baby is very ... . D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform larvae in the mosit soil penetrate the skin, us

Description : Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform larvae in the mosit soil penetrate the skin, us

Last Answer : Assertion : Ancylostoma duodenale is odd world hook worm. Reason : Humans are infected when filariform ... D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site

Description : Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site

Last Answer : Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason ... . If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body. Reason `:` Ex

Description : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body. Reason `:` Ex

Last Answer : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the ... . If both Assertion & Reason are false.

____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Description : ____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Last Answer : b. Cell-mediated immune response

Can HIV be spread by playing on the same plate with an HIV infected patient ?

Description : Can HIV be spread by playing on the same plate with an HIV infected patient ?

Last Answer : Can be played directly together. If infected person saliva or saliva enters your body while eating, you can get HIV. This means that if anything inside the infected person enters your body, you can also get HIV.

What are some of the initial symptoms in about 70% of people infected with HIV within the first few weeks? a. A migrating rash covering the whole body b. Flu-like symptoms, of fever, chills c. Sneezing and symptoms of a head cold d. No one develops symptoms until several years later

Description : What are some of the initial symptoms in about 70% of people infected with HIV within the first few weeks? a. A migrating rash covering the whole body b. Flu-like symptoms, of fever, chills c. Sneezing and symptoms of a head cold d. No one develops symptoms until several years later

Last Answer : b. Flu-like symptoms, of fever, chills

A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Description : A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Last Answer : provirus of HIV in infected cells

Out of the following statements which statement is true? a. AIDS causing HIV b. Everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS c. Not everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV d. Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV

Description : Out of the following statements which statement is true? a. AIDS causing HIV b. Everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS c. Not everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV d. Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV

Last Answer : d. Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase. (c) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Description : Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV ... ) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Last Answer : (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

: _____ is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune defense that is causing the problems in an affected individual. a. Hypersensitivity b. Autoimmune disease c. AIDS d. HIV

Description : : _____ is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune defense that is causing the problems in an affected individual. a. Hypersensitivity b. Autoimmune disease c. AIDS d. HIV

Last Answer : a. Hypersensitivity

The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Description : The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the ... rate The amount of virus in circulation and the number of infected cells equals the rate of viral clearance.

Last Answer : a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Presently, the goal of antiretroviral therapy is: A. Eradication of HIV from the body of the patient B. Inhibit viral replication to undetectable levels C. Restore immune competence of the patient to effective level D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Description : Presently, the goal of antiretroviral therapy is: A. Eradication of HIV from the body of the patient B. Inhibit viral replication to undetectable levels C. Restore immune competence of the patient to effective level D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Last Answer : D. Both 'B' and 'C

Desease caused by HIV- (a) Tuberculosis (b) Cancer (c) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (d) None of these

Description : Desease caused by HIV- (a) Tuberculosis (b) Cancer (c) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (d) None of these

Last Answer : (c) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Infectious disease transmission during blood transfusions is of clinical significance to surgeons and of major importance to patients contemplating surgery potentially associated with the need for blood administration. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the transmission of infectious disease during blood transfusions? a. Post-transfusion hepatitis is usually due to hepatitis B b. Hepatitis and HIV transmission is greatest with the administration of pooled plasma products such as serum albumin c. The most important cause of post-transfusion disease in immunosuppressed patients is CMV infection d. The risk of HIV transmission in blood transfusions is significantly less than the risk of hepatitis transmission

Description : Infectious disease transmission during blood transfusions is of clinical significance to surgeons and of major importance to patients contemplating surgery potentially associated with the need for ... transmission in blood transfusions is significantly less than the risk of hepatitis transmission

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The most common infectious diseases transmitted during blood transfusions include viral hepatitis, CMV, and HIV infection. Post-transfusion hepatitis in 90% of cases consists of ... infectious disease transmission, the risks of HIV transmission is markedly less than that of hepatitis

Which of the following statements are not true in respect of HIV/AIDS transmission? (a) HIV infection is usually spread by having sexual (b) HIV frequently spreads among injection drug users who share syringes. (c) Women can spread HIV to their babies during pregnancy, birth or breast feeding. (d) HIV spreads through casual contact such as sharing towels and bedding or via swimming pools or toilet seats

Description : Which of the following statements are not true in respect of HIV/AIDS transmission? (a) HIV infection is usually spread by having sexual (b) HIV frequently spreads among injection drug users ... spreads through casual contact such as sharing towels and bedding or via swimming pools or toilet seats

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

Industrial workers working in leather tanning & manufacturing units are prone to suffer from (A) Respiratory ailments (e.g. bronchitis) (B) Skin diseases (e.g. dermatitis) (C) Silicosis (D) Blurred vision

Description : Industrial workers working in leather tanning & manufacturing units are prone to suffer from (A) Respiratory ailments (e.g. bronchitis) (B) Skin diseases (e.g. dermatitis) (C) Silicosis (D) Blurred vision

Last Answer : (B) Skin diseases (e.g. dermatitis)

: DiGeorge syndrome and X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia differ in the a. Type of antibody produced by the immune system. b. Lymphocytes that the body fails to produce. c. Systems affected by the respective diseases. d. Type of hypersensitivity that ensues

Description : : DiGeorge syndrome and X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia differ in the a. Type of antibody produced by the immune system. b. Lymphocytes that the body fails to produce. c. Systems affected by the respective diseases. d. Type of hypersensitivity that ensues

Last Answer : c. Systems affected by the respective diseases.

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning necrotizing fascitis. a. Mortality rates as high as 40% can be expected b. The infection involves only the superficial fascia, sparing the deep muscular fascia c. An impaired immune system is a common factor predisposing to this condition d. The infection is usually polymicrobial e. Necrotizing fascitis is most likely to develop in the face of impaired fascial blood supply

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning necrotizing fascitis. a. Mortality rates as high as 40% can be expected b. The infection involves only the superficial fascia, sparing the deep ... e. Necrotizing fascitis is most likely to develop in the face of impaired fascial blood supply

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d, e Necrotizing fascitis is an uncommon infection of the deep and superficial fascia that is associated with mortality as high as 40% in many series. ... fulminant and is frequently associated with cellulitis, myositis, fascitis, and bacteremia with attendant high mortality

When a patient’s immune system becomes reactive to a drug, this is an example of? A. Super infection B. Drug resistance C. Allergy (Answer) D. none

Description : When a patient’s immune system becomes reactive to a drug, this is an example of? A. Super infection B. Drug resistance C. Allergy (Answer) D. none

Last Answer : C. Allergy (Answer)

Assertion : Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. And salmonella sp. Are all responsible for diarrhoeal diseases. Reason : Dehydration is common to all types

Description : Assertion : Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. And salmonella sp. Are all responsible for diarrhoeal diseases. Reason : Dehydration is common to all types

Last Answer : Assertion : Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. And salmonella sp. Are all responsible for diarrhoeal ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Humans can acquire which one of the following diseases from the droppings of infected birds? a. Q fever b. Legionellosis c. Tuberculosis d. Psittacosis

Description : Humans can acquire which one of the following diseases from the droppings of infected birds? a. Q fever b. Legionellosis c. Tuberculosis d. Psittacosis

Last Answer : d. Psittacosis

The nurse providing education regarding sexually transmitted diseases includes which of the following statements regarding herpes virus 2 (herpes genitalis)? a) In pregnant women with active herpes virus, babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus. Therefore, a cesarean delivery may be performed if the virus recurs near the time of delivery.

Description : The nurse providing education regarding sexually transmitted diseases includes which of the following statements regarding herpes virus 2 (herpes genitalis)? a) In pregnant women with active herpes virus, babies ... very difficult to kill. Usually, the virus is killed at room temperature by drying.

Last Answer : a) In pregnant women with active herpes virus, babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus. Therefore, a cesarean delivery may be performed if the virus recurs near the time of delivery.

Which was the worst infection you ever had and what got infected?

Description : Which was the worst infection you ever had and what got infected?

Last Answer : Botulism. I felt like I was melting inside.

A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain of the fluid, which will likely demonstrate multiple bacteria including predominantly gram-positive rods b. A CT scan is indicated in a stable patient to define the extent of the disease c. Broad spectrum antibiotics followed with prompt extensive debridement is indicated d. A safe guideline is to resect infected necrotic tissue so that a several centimeter margin of grossly normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation

Description : A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain ... normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The presence of severe perineal infection (referred to as Fournier gangrene when this process involves the perineum and scrotum in males) is associated with a ... often provides improved wound care and patient management, although it is not invariably a positive outcome

Avian encephalomyelitis infection in young chicks can be prevented by B A. vaccinating the chicks for AE at hatchery B. Vaccinating the breeding flocks C. Avoid hatching from the infected breeding flcoks D. None of these

Description : Avian encephalomyelitis infection in young chicks can be prevented by B A. vaccinating the chicks for AE at hatchery B. Vaccinating the breeding flocks C. Avoid hatching from the infected breeding flcoks D. None of these

Last Answer : Vaccinating the breeding flocks

Which one of the following options gives the correct match of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection? Disease Causative Mode of organism infection (a) Typhoid Salmonella With inspired typhi air (b) Pneumonia Streptococcus Droplet pneumoniae infection (c) Elephantiasis Wuchereria With infected bancrofti water and food (d) Malaria Plasmodium Bite of male vivax Anopheles mosquito

Description : Which one of the following options gives the correct match of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection? Disease Causative Mode of organism infection (a) Typhoid Salmonella ... infected bancrofti water and food (d) Malaria Plasmodium Bite of male vivax Anopheles mosquito

Last Answer : (a) Typhoid Salmonella With inspired typhi air

A microarray can be used to _____. a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen b. produce human insulin c. insert a viral gene into a plant to prevent viral infection d. A-C are correct

Description : A microarray can be used to _____. a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen b. produce human insulin c. insert a viral gene into a plant to prevent viral infection d. A-C are correct

Last Answer : a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen

Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents.

Description : 6 Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents. a. cytokine b. physical c. cellular d. physiological

Last Answer : Ans. cytokine

What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when tissue culture is infected with one type of virus that causes the culture to resist infection by a second type of virus?

Description : What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when tissue culture is infected with one type of virus that causes the culture to resist infection by a second type of virus?

Last Answer : ANSWER: VIRAL INTERFERENCE or INTERFERENCE

Do people on immune suppressants get auto-immune diseases?

Description : Do people on immune suppressants get auto-immune diseases?

Last Answer : That is a weird thing and exactly what I wondered when I was diagnosed with mine. The thing is, because the Immunoglobulins are so specialised with what very specific thing they attack, taking immune suppressants are absolutely pointless and would end up killing the person.

______ follow streptococcal diseases and appear to be consequences of immune complex formation in the kidneys or heart.a. Scarlet fever b. Yellow fever c. Rheumatic fever d. Necrotizing fasciatis

Description : ______ follow streptococcal diseases and appear to be consequences of immune complex formation in the kidneys or heart. a. Scarlet fever b. Yellow fever c. Rheumatic fever d. Necrotizing fasciatis

Last Answer : c. Rheumatic fever

AIDS stands for (1) Acquired Immune Disease Syndrome (2) Acquired Immunity Deficient Syndrome (3) Acquired Immune Deficiency (4) Acquired Infection Deficiency Syndrome

Description : AIDS stands for (1) Acquired Immune Disease Syndrome (2) Acquired Immunity Deficient Syndrome (3) Acquired Immune Deficiency (4) Acquired Infection Deficiency Syndrome

Last Answer : (3) Acquired Immune Deficiency

Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (column I) with their causative agent (column II) and select the correct option. Column I Column II A. Gonorrhoea (i) HIV B. Syphilis (ii) Neisseria C. Genital warts (iii) Treponema D. AIDS (iv) Human papilloma virus A B C D (a) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (b) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

Description : Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (column I) with their causative agent (column II) and select the correct option. Column I Column II A. Gonorrhoea (i) HIV B. Syphilis (ii) Neisseria C. Genital warts (iii) Treponema D. ... iii) (i) (c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

Last Answer : (d) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

What is the window period in case of HIV infection? -Biology

Description : What is the window period in case of HIV infection? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symtomas of AIDS

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symtomas of AIDS

Last Answer : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symtomas of AIDS A. When the infected ... 15 days of sexual contact with the infected person

Early symptomatic HIV infection?

Description : Early symptomatic HIV infection?

Last Answer : DefinitionEarly symptomatic HIV infection is a stage of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus when symptoms are present but AIDS has not yet developed.See also:Acute HIV infectionAsymptomatic HIV ... factors for HIV infection are:Being born to an HIV-positive motherReceiving a blood tr