Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.

Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.
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Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms. Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral ... If both the assertion and resson are false.
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Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Description : Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Last Answer : Assertion : HIV infected person are prone to opportunistic diseases. Reason : Immune system weakens ... If both the assertion and reason are false

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes

Which of the following statements reflect the treatment of HIV infection? a) Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load). Although specific therapies vary, treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on three factors: the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load).

Description : Which of the following statements reflect the treatment of HIV infection? a) Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and ... CD4+ T cells/mm3 or plasma HIV RNA levels exceeding 55,000 copies/mL (RT-PCR assay).

Last Answer : a) Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load). Although specific therapies vary, treatment of ... : the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load).

Pathogenic bacteria secrete - (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Description : Pathogenic bacteria secrete - (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Last Answer : (1) Antigens Explanation: Pathogenic bacteria secrete various virulence factors, including toxins, lipases and pro-teases that allow them to infect, breakdown and colonize host tissue. Among ... while phospholipases cleaves and hydrolyzes the ester bonds of most phospholipids in cell membrane.

Pathogenic bacteria secrete (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Description : Pathogenic bacteria secrete (1) Antigens (2) Antibodies (3) Hormones (4) Interferons

Last Answer : Antigens

Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only by genetic engineering are effective against vi

Description : Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only by genetic engineering are effective against vi

Last Answer : Assertion : Interferons are effective against viruses. Reason : Proteins which can be synthesized only ... If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site

Description : Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason : Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site

Last Answer : Assertion : Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria. Reason ... . If both the assertion and reason are false

Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Description : Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic ... series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells.

Last Answer : a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Assertion `:-` Peritubular capillaries secrete substances in the convoluted tubules. Reason `:-` Harmful and useless substances which escaped ultrafil

Description : Assertion `:-` Peritubular capillaries secrete substances in the convoluted tubules. Reason `:-` Harmful and useless substances which escaped ultrafil

Last Answer : Assertion `:-` Peritubular capillaries secrete substances in the convoluted tubules. Reason `:-` Harmful ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Assertion `:-` Platelets repair dammaged endothelium of blood vessels. Reason `:` Platelets secrete serotonin which is a vaso constrictor

Description : Assertion `:-` Platelets repair dammaged endothelium of blood vessels. Reason `:` Platelets secrete serotonin which is a vaso constrictor

Last Answer : Assertion `:-` Platelets repair dammaged endothelium of blood vessels. Reason `:` Platelets secrete ... . If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Assertion : Estrogen level is high during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle . Reason : During this phase corpus luteum secrete large amount of e

Description : Assertion : Estrogen level is high during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle . Reason : During this phase corpus luteum secrete large amount of e

Last Answer : Assertion : Estrogen level is high during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle . Reason : During this ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are False.

How do interferons check infection of new cells? -Biology

Description : How do interferons check infection of new cells? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he has got an infection of (a) tetanus (b) malaria (c) typhoid (d) measles.

Description : If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he has got an infection of (a) tetanus (b) malaria (c) typhoid (d) measles.

Last Answer : (d) measles

Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents.

Description : 6 Interferons are produced by virus infected cells to protect healthy plants from virus infection. Identify the type of barrier it represents. a. cytokine b. physical c. cellular d. physiological

Last Answer : Ans. cytokine

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages may become activated and secrete cytokines c. Macrophages serve as phagocytic cells in the tissues but not within the bloodstream d. Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNS) are normally present in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation

HIV is a - (1) Combination of disease symptoms - (2) developmental index (3) viral disease (4) retrovirus

Description : HIV is a - (1) Combination of disease symptoms - (2) developmental index (3) viral disease (4) retrovirus

Last Answer : (4) retrovirus Explanation: The retrovirus then integrates its viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell, which allows the retrovirus to replicate. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is a retrovirus.

A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Description : A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells

Last Answer : provirus of HIV in infected cells

Most skin conditions related to HIV disease may be helped primarily by a) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goals of all HIV-related conditions include improvement of CD4 count and lowering of viral load. Initiation of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) will help improve most skin conditions related to HIV disease. Symptomatic relief will be required until the skin condition improves.

Description : Most skin conditions related to HIV disease may be helped primarily by a) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goals of all HIV-related conditions include improvement of CD4 count and ... for the overall treatment of HIV disease; it is not specific for treatment of skin conditions.

Last Answer : a) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goals of all HIV-related conditions include improvement of CD4 count and lowering of viral load. Initiation of HAART (highly active ... conditions related to HIV disease. Symptomatic relief will be required until the skin condition improves.

The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Description : The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the ... rate The amount of virus in circulation and the number of infected cells equals the rate of viral clearance.

Last Answer : a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Presently, the goal of antiretroviral therapy is: A. Eradication of HIV from the body of the patient B. Inhibit viral replication to undetectable levels C. Restore immune competence of the patient to effective level D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Description : Presently, the goal of antiretroviral therapy is: A. Eradication of HIV from the body of the patient B. Inhibit viral replication to undetectable levels C. Restore immune competence of the patient to effective level D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Last Answer : D. Both 'B' and 'C

A patient of congestive heart failure was being treated with furosemide and digoxin. He developed urinary tract infection. Which of the following antimicrobials should be avoided: A. Ampicillin B. Gentamicin C. Norfloxacin D. Cotrimoxazole

Description : A patient of congestive heart failure was being treated with furosemide and digoxin. He developed urinary tract infection. Which of the following antimicrobials should be avoided: A. Ampicillin B. Gentamicin C. Norfloxacin D. Cotrimoxazole

Last Answer : B. Gentamicin

Why would a drug that damages capsids help treat a viral infection?

Description : Why would a drug that damages capsids help treat a viral infection?

Last Answer : capsids prevent viral infections apexthey stop viral infections from reproducing

Viral infection is usually absent in

Description : Viral infection is usually absent in

Last Answer : Viral infection is usually absent in A. phloem cells B. xylem cells C. pith cells D. Apical meristem

Why would a drug damage capsids help treat a viral infection?

Description : Why would a drug damage capsids help treat a viral infection?

Last Answer : Capsids help viruses enter cells, which is where the virus wouldreproduce. If viruses have a harder time getting into cells, theyhave a harder time reproducing.

What are the main steps involved in a viral infection?

Description : What are the main steps involved in a viral infection?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

Antibiotics Cannot Treat a Viral Infection?

Description : Antibiotics Cannot Treat a Viral Infection?

Last Answer : There is a serious and growing issue of bacteria that is becoming resistant to the strongest antibiotic drugs available. Years of over prescribing antibiotics is suspected as being partly to blame with patients not ... are needed. However, when it comes to viral infections, they are no help at all.

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning viral infections. a. The most common post-transplantation viral infections are caused by herpes viruses and include CMV and herpes simplex virus b. Viral infections occur at equal frequency anytime during the post-transplantation period c. CMV infection in the post-transplant patient is most likely a pulmonary process d. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection primarily presents with a mononucleosis-type syndrome with fever, lethargy, and cough

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning viral infections. a. The most common post-transplantation viral infections are caused by herpes viruses and include CMV and herpes simplex virus ... HSV) infection primarily presents with a mononucleosis-type syndrome with fever, lethargy, and cough

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, Solid organ transplant patients are prone to develop viral infection by virtue of exogenous immunosuppression. The most common post-transplantation viral infections are those ... transplant patient or as painful herpes zoster in patients who have previously developed chicken pox

Adherent mucoid alkaline substance covering the inner lining of stomach is to - (1) digest starch (2) act against bacteria (3) prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa (4) prevent viral infection

Description : Adherent mucoid alkaline substance covering the inner lining of stomach is to - (1) digest starch (2) act against bacteria (3) prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa (4) prevent viral infection

Last Answer : (3) prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa Explanation: The continuous adherent mucus layer is also a barrier to luminal pepsin, thereby protecting the underlying mucosa from proteolytic ... support surface neutralization of acid and act as a protective physical barrier against luminal pepsin.

Which crop is most susceptible to viral infection : a. Chilies b. Tomato c. Onion d. Brinjal

Description : Which crop is most susceptible to viral infection : a. Chilies b. Tomato c. Onion d. Brinjal

Last Answer : Tomato

Which of the following is a cause of a secondary immunodeficiency? a. X-linked inheritance b. Deficiencies in the complement system c. Viral infection resembling self-cells d. All the above are correct

Description : Which of the following is a cause of a secondary immunodeficiency? a. X-linked inheritance b. Deficiencies in the complement system c. Viral infection resembling self-cells d. All the above are correct

Last Answer : c. Viral infection resembling self-cells

Which one of the following statements about interferon is FALSE? a. Interferon is produced in response to a viral infection. b. Interferon is a naturally produced protein. c. Interferon puts uninfected cells in an antiviral stated. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes..

Description : Which one of the following statements about interferon is FALSE? a. Interferon is produced in response to a viral infection. b. Interferon is a naturally produced protein. c. Interferon puts uninfected cells in an antiviral state. d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.

Last Answer : d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.

A plaque is a a. Change In Cell Structure Due To Viral Infection. b. Viral Cell Inclusion. c. Clear Zone Within A Lawn Of Bacteria. d. Cellular Aggregation Of Phage Heads.

Description : A plaque is a a. Change In Cell Structure Due To Viral Infection. b. Viral Cell Inclusion. c. Clear Zone Within A Lawn Of Bacteria. d. Cellular Aggregation Of Phage Heads.

Last Answer : c. Clear Zone Within A Lawn Of Bacteria.

Tissue tropism refers to a. what tissues grow due to a viral infection. b. what tissues are resistant to viral infection. c. what organisms a virus infects. d. what cells or tissues a virus infects.

Description : Tissue tropism refers to a. what tissues grow due to a viral infection. b. what tissues are resistant to viral infection. c. what organisms a virus infects. d. what cells or tissues a virus infects.

Last Answer : d. what cells or tissues a virus infects.

Swimmer‘s ear is a common name for a infection of the_________ ear. a. Bacterial; Outer b. Viral; Outer c. Bacterial; Middle d. Viral; Inner

Description : Swimmer‘s ear is a common name for a infection of the_________ ear. a. Bacterial; Outer b. Viral; Outer c. Bacterial; Middle d. Viral; Inner

Last Answer : a. Bacterial; Outer

A microarray can be used to _____. a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen b. produce human insulin c. insert a viral gene into a plant to prevent viral infection d. A-C are correct

Description : A microarray can be used to _____. a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen b. produce human insulin c. insert a viral gene into a plant to prevent viral infection d. A-C are correct

Last Answer : a. identify if a patient has been infected by a pathogen

The most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States is a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the U.S.

Description : The most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States is a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the most common ... may cause fungal encephalitis. Fungal infections of the central nervous system occur rarely in healthy people.

Last Answer : a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the U.S.

Dental caries are due to (1) Viral infection (2) Contaminated water (3) Bacterial infection (4) Hereditary causes

Description : Dental caries are due to (1) Viral infection (2) Contaminated water (3) Bacterial infection (4) Hereditary causes

Last Answer : (3) Bacterial infection

Which is NOT usually related to gingival inflammation in children? A. Endocrine disturbance B. Viral infection C. Mouth breathing D. Spirochetal infection E. Streptococcal infection

Description : Which is NOT usually related to gingival inflammation in children? A. Endocrine disturbance B. Viral infection C. Mouth breathing D. Spirochetal infection E. Streptococcal infection

Last Answer : D. Spirochetal infection

Which of the following is staphylococcal infection: A. Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)Bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance Forchheimer spots (fleeting small, red spots on the soft palate) may occur B. Pericarditis ( inflammation, caused by viral infection, idiopathic, Mycobacterium t C. Pancreatitis no D. Carbuncle

Description : Which of the following is staphylococcal infection: A. Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)Bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance Forchheimer spots (fleeting small, red spots on ... inflammation, caused by viral infection, idiopathic, Mycobacterium t C. Pancreatitis no D. Carbuncle

Last Answer : D. Carbuncle

Koplik’s spots are associated with one of the following: A. Viral infection B. Diabetes C. Measles/ Rubeola D. Rubella E. Candidosis

Description : Koplik’s spots are associated with one of the following: A. Viral infection B. Diabetes C. Measles/ Rubeola D. Rubella E. Candidosis

Last Answer : C. Measles/ Rubeola

The presence of sulphur granules is diagnostic of:** A. Actinomycosis B. Candidosis C. Viral infection D. Keratocyte

Description : The presence of sulphur granules is diagnostic of:** A. Actinomycosis B. Candidosis C. Viral infection D. Keratocyte

Last Answer : A. Actinomycosis

Chikungunya is a a) Bacterial disease b) Viral disease c) Fungal infection d) None of the above

Description : Chikungunya is a a) Bacterial disease b) Viral disease c) Fungal infection d) None of the above

Last Answer : b) Viral disease

Aspirin is contraindicated in children suffering from influenza or similar viral infection because of increased risk of: A. Gastric bleeding B. Thrombocytopenia C. Fancony syndrome D. Reye’s syndrome

Description : Aspirin is contraindicated in children suffering from influenza or similar viral infection because of increased risk of: A. Gastric bleeding B. Thrombocytopenia C. Fancony syndrome D. Reye’s syndrome

Last Answer : D. Reye’s syndrome

Chikungunya is a a) Bacterial disease b) Viral disease c) Fungal infection d) None of the above

Description : Chikungunya is a a) Bacterial disease b) Viral disease c) Fungal infection d) None of the above

Last Answer : b) Viral disease

Topical steroids are contraindicated in a case of viral corneal ulcer for fear of: a. Secondary glaucoma b. Cortical cataract. c. Corneal perforation d. Secondary viral infection.

Description : Topical steroids are contraindicated in a case of viral corneal ulcer for fear of: a. Secondary glaucoma b. Cortical cataract. c. Corneal perforation d. Secondary viral infection. 

Last Answer : ANSWER: C 

Malaria is caused by: (A) bacterial infection (B) viral infection (C) parasitic infection (D) fungal infection

Description : Malaria is caused by: (A) bacterial infection (B) viral infection (C) parasitic infection (D) fungal infection

Last Answer : Answer: C Explanation: Malaria is a parasitic infection spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. The Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria is a single-celled parasite that multiplies in red blood cells of humans as well as in the mosquito intestine. 

Adherent mucoid alkaline substance covering the inner lining of stomach is to : (1) digest starch (2) act against bacteria (3) prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa (4) prevent viral infection

Description : Adherent mucoid alkaline substance covering the inner lining of stomach is to : (1) digest starch (2) act against bacteria (3) prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa (4) prevent viral infection

Last Answer : prevent the action of pepsin of mucosa

Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction? A- HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses B- Hepatitis B virus C- Mycobacterium tuberculosis D- All of these

Description : Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction? A- HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses B- Hepatitis B virus C- Mycobacterium tuberculosis D- All of these

Last Answer : All of these

Assertion : Diabetes insipidus iS marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water . Reason : Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by th

Description : Assertion : Diabetes insipidus iS marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water . Reason : Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by th

Last Answer : Assertion : Diabetes insipidus iS marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water . Reason : ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Assertion : Cannabis sativa is a powerful anti- depressant. Reason : Hashish and Marijuana are derived from it .

Description : Assertion : Cannabis sativa is a powerful anti- depressant. Reason : Hashish and Marijuana are derived from it .

Last Answer : Assertion : Cannabis sativa is a powerful anti- depressant. Reason : Hashish and Marijuana are derived ... If both the assertion and reason are false